地面合成孔径雷达系统中的数据采集与控制
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摘要
合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar),简称SAR,指的是雷达移动、被成像的目标固定不动的运动成像方式。它用小口径天线收发宽带微波信号,通过在空间分集的办法合成一个大的天线口径,从而得到高的纵向和横向分辨率。作为主动雷达,SAR具有不受光照、天气条件影响的特点,可以全天候、全天时对地观测,还可以透过地表和植被获取信息。本文以科研项目为背景,围绕地面合成孔径雷达成像系统的研制,开展了以下几个方面的研究工作:
(1)参与设计和完成了合成孔径微波成像实验系统一套。该实验系统工作于X波段,使用阶跃调频连续波体制实现距离维的高分辨,采用在导轨上依靠电动机精确平移的合成孔径实现方位向高分辨,系统距离和方位分辨率小于0.5米,可对外场全尺寸目标进行二维成像。
(2)设计和完成了该实验系统中的系统控制卡和数据采集卡,两块板卡互相协调配合,较好的完成了数据采集,运动控制,频率控制等工作。
(3)对连续波雷达载波泄漏问题做了探讨,对各种连续波体制雷述载波泄漏有源对消方法进行了理论分析。通过实验的办法得到了较好的效果,系统性能得到了很大的提高。
Synthetic aperture radar, SAR for short, means the imaging pattern of radar moving and target by imaging put. It uses small aperture antenna transmitting and receiving wide-band microwave signal, and synthesizes large antenna aperture by special diversity which can gain high range and cross-range resolution. As initiative radar, SAR has the characteristics of immune to illumination and weather changing, which can all weather and all time observe and gain information penetrate through the earth's surface and vegetation. This dissertation, based on scientific research item, is focused on the ground SAR system. The main contributions are as follows,
(1)Join in designing and implementing a set of synthetic aperture microwave imaging system in X band with stepped frequency continuous wave to realize high range resolution and high azimuth resolution based on synthetic large aperture by system moving on track. The imaging system can be applied to the imaging of outdoor full-size target.
(2)Design and implement a system controlling card and a data collecting card in the system. The two card assort with each other and successful finish a lot of work such as: data collecting, locomotion controlling, frequency controlling and so on.
(3) In this paper, the problem of carrier feed-through in continuous wave system which limits the detection range of the radar system is analyzed in detail. The active method of feed-through nulling in continuous wave radar systems is investigated theoretically . By experiment, we get better result and system performance.
(1)参与设计和完成了合成孔径微波成像实验系统一套。该实验系统工作于X波段,使用阶跃调频连续波体制实现距离维的高分辨,采用在导轨上依靠电动机精确平移的合成孔径实现方位向高分辨,系统距离和方位分辨率小于0.5米,可对外场全尺寸目标进行二维成像。
(2)设计和完成了该实验系统中的系统控制卡和数据采集卡,两块板卡互相协调配合,较好的完成了数据采集,运动控制,频率控制等工作。
(3)对连续波雷达载波泄漏问题做了探讨,对各种连续波体制雷述载波泄漏有源对消方法进行了理论分析。通过实验的办法得到了较好的效果,系统性能得到了很大的提高。
Synthetic aperture radar, SAR for short, means the imaging pattern of radar moving and target by imaging put. It uses small aperture antenna transmitting and receiving wide-band microwave signal, and synthesizes large antenna aperture by special diversity which can gain high range and cross-range resolution. As initiative radar, SAR has the characteristics of immune to illumination and weather changing, which can all weather and all time observe and gain information penetrate through the earth's surface and vegetation. This dissertation, based on scientific research item, is focused on the ground SAR system. The main contributions are as follows,
(1)Join in designing and implementing a set of synthetic aperture microwave imaging system in X band with stepped frequency continuous wave to realize high range resolution and high azimuth resolution based on synthetic large aperture by system moving on track. The imaging system can be applied to the imaging of outdoor full-size target.
(2)Design and implement a system controlling card and a data collecting card in the system. The two card assort with each other and successful finish a lot of work such as: data collecting, locomotion controlling, frequency controlling and so on.
(3) In this paper, the problem of carrier feed-through in continuous wave system which limits the detection range of the radar system is analyzed in detail. The active method of feed-through nulling in continuous wave radar systems is investigated theoretically . By experiment, we get better result and system performance.
引文
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[8].张澄波,“综合孔径雷达原理、系统分析与应用”,科学出版社,1989
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[12].士元,“世界探测精度最高的雷达卫星升空”,中国航天,2007,第9期
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[14].WitJJMd,Meta A,Hoogeboom P.First Airborne FM-CW SAR Campaign-preliminary Results[c]//Proc.IRS 2004,Warszawa,Poland,2004
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[16].李海英、杨汝良,“频率步进信号的合成孔径雷达处理”,电子学报2003,13(3)349-352
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[2].丁鹭飞,“雷达原理”,西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[3].贾鸿志编,“雷达信号分析”南京理工大学,1995
[4].Mensa D.High resolution radar cross section imaging.Artech House Inc.1991
[5].Wehner D R."High-Resolution Radar",Norwood,MA:Artech House.1994
[6].Dean D.Howard.High range-resolution monopulse tracking radar.IEEE Trans.on AES,1975(5):749-755
[7].保铮,邢孟道,王彤,“雷达成像技术”,电子工业出版社,2005
[8].张澄波,“综合孔径雷达原理、系统分析与应用”,科学出版社,1989
[9].张直中,“机载和星载合成孔经雷达导论”,电子工业出版社,2004
[10].李春升,李景文,周荫清,“空载合成孔径雷达技术与展望”,电子学报,vol.23,No.10,Oct.1994
[11].袁孝康,“合成孔径雷达的发展现状与未来”,上海航天,2002,19(5):42-47
[12].士元,“世界探测精度最高的雷达卫星升空”,中国航天,2007,第9期
[13].吴一戎、朱敏慧,“合成孔径雷达技术的发展现状与趋势”,遥感技术与应用,2000,15(2):121-123
[14].WitJJMd,Meta A,Hoogeboom P.First Airborne FM-CW SAR Campaign-preliminary Results[c]//Proc.IRS 2004,Warszawa,Poland,2004
[15].陈祝明、丁义元,向敬成,“线性调频连续波雷达扫频功率起伏对其测距精度和距离分辨率的影响”,电子科学学刊,2000 22(1)170-173
[16].李海英、杨汝良,“频率步进信号的合成孔径雷达处理”,电子学报2003,13(3)349-352
[17].崔麦会、周建军、陈超,“合成孔径雷达的物理原理及其在军事上的应用”,国防技术基础,2004(4):4-5,8
[18].余莉,“合成孔径雷达原理及其干扰分析”,航天电子对抗,2003(4):10-12
[19].盛卫星,“合成孔径雷达成像系统研制方案论证”,2006
[20].何苏勤,王忠勇,“TMS320C2000系列DSP原理及实用技术”,北京,电子工业出版社,2003
[21].李刚,林凌,叶文字,“TMS320F206 DSP结构、原理及应用”,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[22].潘松,黄继业,王国栋,“现代DSP技术”,西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[23].张芳兰,“TMS320C2xx用户指南”,北京,电子工业出版社,1999
[24].PCI 9054 Data Book.Version 2.1.January 2000
[25].李贵山,陈金鹏.,“PCI局部总线及其应用”,西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,2003
[26].王旭,“PCI9054局部总线3种工作模式的具体应用”,电子与封装,2005,5(12):27-31
[27].李新民,马志瀛,“基于DSP和CPLD及IPM的双电机控制系统”,微特电机,2003,31(4):22-23,30
[28].徐峥,刘书明,“TS101S型DSP与PCI总线简易接口设计”,国外电子元器件,2005(10):11-14
[29].李为民,刑晓正,胡红专,邓伟平,“基于DSP的步进电机控制系统设计”,微特电机,2001,29(3):27-28,35
[30].百格拉步进电机说明书
[31].James Tsui,杨小牛,陆安南,金飚译,“宽带数字接收机”,北京,电子工业出版社,2002
[32].12-Bit 65 MSPS IF Sampling A/D Converter AD6640.Analog Device,Inc.1998
[33].4-Channel,80 MSPS WCDMA Receive Signal Processor AD6635.Analog Device,Inc.2003
[34].HIGH-SPEED 32K×16 DUAL-PORT STATIC RAM IDT70V27S/L.Integrated Device Technology,Inc.2001
[35].张军,阮锦屏,“8mm连续波雷达微波对消技术”,机械电子工业部
[36].杨宜明,“连续波雷达泄漏信号动态对消方法”,电光系统,2004(1)
[37].谢军伟,张旭春,“连续波雷达中频自适应对消技术”,Radio Engineering,1999
[38].赵锦华,“连续波雷达数字微波对消系统”,无线电通信技术,1993.6
[39].沈新江,李世翔,“连续波雷达中频对消技术研究”,上海航天,1998
[40].顾红,李玺,尚卫华,苏卫民,刘国岁,“解决连续波雷达泄漏的一种新途径-周期方波断续法”,电子学报,1998.12