多普勒导航雷达测频精度研究
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摘要
多普勒导航系统是一种自主导航系统。连续波体制多普勒雷达有着体积小、重量轻、发射频谱窄、无高度空穴、无速度模糊和测频精度高等优点，非常适合作为直升飞机的机载导航雷达使用。连续波多普勒雷达的测频精度决定了其测速精度，而在数字化系统中测频精度又是由其频谱估计算法决定的。
本文首先介绍了多普勒导航雷达的基本工作原理；然后对信号DFT谱估计算法改进的可行性进行了论证；其次给出了几种DFT谱的改进算法，并提出了一种有效的频谱估计算法——局部频谱连续细化算法；接着讨论了连续波雷达直漏信号的产生原因、影响及其零频抑制技术；最后分析了数字化连续波体制多普勒雷达系统，建立了信号模型，并对前面给出的频谱估计算法做了仿真研究，其中作者提出的局部频谱连续细化算法的性能较为良好，符合本系统的指标要求。
Doppler navigator is an autonomous guidance system. The continuous wave Doppler navigation radar is used as the airborne navigation radar in heliogyro because of the virtues such as small in size and weight, narrow frequency band used in emission, high precision in the estimate of frequency, neither the altitude hole nor the ambiguity speed, and so on. The precision of speed measured by the continuous wave radar is affected significantly by the frequency precision, which is determined by a spectrum estimation algorithm.
Firstly, the principles of work in the Doppler navigation radar are introduced in this paper.
Secondly, deduce the improvability of the signal DFT spectrum estimation algorithm. Moreover, an effective spectrum estimation algorithm, continuous zoom in local spectrum algorithm, is proposed based on the research of several improved DFT spectrum estimation methods.
Thirdly, the generation reasons and influences of the leak signals in the continuous radar are discussed, and several methods for suppressing leak interference are given.
Lastly, construct the signal model based on the analysis of the digitized Doppler navigation radar system. Furthermore, a set of simulations on the spectrum estimating algorithms illustrated that the proposed estimating algorithm is effective, and suitable to the index requirement of the digitized Doppler navigation radar.
本文首先介绍了多普勒导航雷达的基本工作原理；然后对信号DFT谱估计算法改进的可行性进行了论证；其次给出了几种DFT谱的改进算法，并提出了一种有效的频谱估计算法——局部频谱连续细化算法；接着讨论了连续波雷达直漏信号的产生原因、影响及其零频抑制技术；最后分析了数字化连续波体制多普勒雷达系统，建立了信号模型，并对前面给出的频谱估计算法做了仿真研究，其中作者提出的局部频谱连续细化算法的性能较为良好，符合本系统的指标要求。
Doppler navigator is an autonomous guidance system. The continuous wave Doppler navigation radar is used as the airborne navigation radar in heliogyro because of the virtues such as small in size and weight, narrow frequency band used in emission, high precision in the estimate of frequency, neither the altitude hole nor the ambiguity speed, and so on. The precision of speed measured by the continuous wave radar is affected significantly by the frequency precision, which is determined by a spectrum estimation algorithm.
Firstly, the principles of work in the Doppler navigation radar are introduced in this paper.
Secondly, deduce the improvability of the signal DFT spectrum estimation algorithm. Moreover, an effective spectrum estimation algorithm, continuous zoom in local spectrum algorithm, is proposed based on the research of several improved DFT spectrum estimation methods.
Thirdly, the generation reasons and influences of the leak signals in the continuous radar are discussed, and several methods for suppressing leak interference are given.
Lastly, construct the signal model based on the analysis of the digitized Doppler navigation radar system. Furthermore, a set of simulations on the spectrum estimating algorithms illustrated that the proposed estimating algorithm is effective, and suitable to the index requirement of the digitized Doppler navigation radar.
引文
[1]．W．R．弗里德．长岭技术(内部资料)．长岭技术编辑部．1974．7．5～16。
[2]. Norman L. Lasschever. AN/APN-131, A Doppler Navigator for Helicopters. Proceedings of the 1958 National Conference on Aeronautical Electronics, IRE. May 1958.117～122。
[3]. S. K. Benjamin. The AN/APN-153(V) Doppler Navigation Equipment. IEEE Transactions. August 1963. Vol.AS-1, No.2。
[4]. B. L. Cordry. A Doppler Navigational Radar Utilizing New Techniques. Proceedings of the 1959 East Coast Conference on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics, IRE. October 1959。
[5]. ANINC Characteristic No. 540. Airborne Doppler Radar. Aeronautical Radio, Inc. Annapolis, Md.. March 1965。
[6]. ANINC Characteristic No. 543. Airborne Doppler Radar. Aeronautical Radio, Inc. Annapolis, Md.. March 1965。
[7]. E B. Berger. The Nature of Doppler Velocity Measurement. IRE Transactions. September 1957. 157～175。
[8]．W．R．弗里德．长岭技术(内部资料)．长岭技术编辑部．1974．7．34～43。
[9]．W．R．弗里德．长岭技术(内部资料)．长岭技术编辑部．1974．7．96～97。
[10]．[美]Merrill I．Skolnik主编 雷达手册 电子工业出版社．2003．3．537～553。
[11]．W．R．弗里德．长岭技术——多普勒导航(内部资料)．长岭技术编辑部．1973．96～97。
[12]．W．R．弗里德．长岭技术——多普勒导航(内部资料)．长岭技术编辑部．1973．15～20。
[13]．罗利春．无线电侦察信号分析与处理．第一版．北京：国防工业出版社，2002．8～23。
[14]．张贤达．现代信号处理．第二版．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．65～151。
[15]．(美)James Tsui著，杨小牛，陆安南，金飚译．宽带数字接收机．电子工业出版社．2002．290～323。
[16]．罗利春．无线电侦察信号分析与处理．第一版．北京：国防工业出版社，2002．29～33。
[17]．李正斌．瞬态信号高分辨率谱分析——傅立叶变换插值法．煤田地质与勘探．1995，12．
[18]．罗利春．无线电侦察信号分析与处理．第一版．北京：国防工业出版社，2002．25～27。
[19]. Rabiner L R, Schafer R W and Rader C M. The Chirp Z-transform Algorithm. IEEE trans. On Audio and Electroacoustics. 1969, 17(2), pp. 86～192.
[20]．应启珩，冯一云，窦维蓓．离散时间信号分析和处理．北京：清华大学出版社，2001．1155～1591。
[21]．Oppenheim A V and Schafer R W. Discrete2Time Signal Processing. Prentice2Hall, 1989. 623～628。
[22]．刘进明，应怀樵．FFT谱连续细化分析的傅立叶变换法．振动工程学报．1995．6。
[23]．赵树杰，史林．数字信号处理．西安电子科技大学出版社，1997．74～77。
[24]. O'Hara F J. and Moore G M.. A High Performance CW Receiver Using Feedthrugh Nulling Microwave Journal, Sept. 1963.63。
[25]. B. Windrow and J. R. Glover. Adaptive Noise Canceling. Principles Applications, Proceeding of the IEEE, 1975.12.Vol63。
[26]．秦振华．泄漏信号的中频自适应对消．遥测遥控．第16卷第3期。
[27]．林象平．雷达对抗原理．西安电子科技大学出版社，1985。
[28]．沈新江，李世翔．连续波雷达中频对消技术研究．上海航天．1998年第二期
[29]．郭联合，王东进．毫米波连续波雷达载波泄漏对消．现代雷达．第四期2001．8。
[30]．赵树杰，史林．数字信号处理．西安电子科技大学出版社，1997．169～237。
[31]．杨小牛，楼才义，徐建良．软件无线电原理与应用．电子工业出版社，2001．50～56。
[32]．杨小牛，楼才义，徐建良．软件无线电原理与应用．电子工业出版社，2001．179～180。
[2]. Norman L. Lasschever. AN/APN-131, A Doppler Navigator for Helicopters. Proceedings of the 1958 National Conference on Aeronautical Electronics, IRE. May 1958.117～122。
[3]. S. K. Benjamin. The AN/APN-153(V) Doppler Navigation Equipment. IEEE Transactions. August 1963. Vol.AS-1, No.2。
[4]. B. L. Cordry. A Doppler Navigational Radar Utilizing New Techniques. Proceedings of the 1959 East Coast Conference on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics, IRE. October 1959。
[5]. ANINC Characteristic No. 540. Airborne Doppler Radar. Aeronautical Radio, Inc. Annapolis, Md.. March 1965。
[6]. ANINC Characteristic No. 543. Airborne Doppler Radar. Aeronautical Radio, Inc. Annapolis, Md.. March 1965。
[7]. E B. Berger. The Nature of Doppler Velocity Measurement. IRE Transactions. September 1957. 157～175。
[8]．W．R．弗里德．长岭技术(内部资料)．长岭技术编辑部．1974．7．34～43。
[9]．W．R．弗里德．长岭技术(内部资料)．长岭技术编辑部．1974．7．96～97。
[10]．[美]Merrill I．Skolnik主编 雷达手册 电子工业出版社．2003．3．537～553。
[11]．W．R．弗里德．长岭技术——多普勒导航(内部资料)．长岭技术编辑部．1973．96～97。
[12]．W．R．弗里德．长岭技术——多普勒导航(内部资料)．长岭技术编辑部．1973．15～20。
[13]．罗利春．无线电侦察信号分析与处理．第一版．北京：国防工业出版社，2002．8～23。
[14]．张贤达．现代信号处理．第二版．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．65～151。
[15]．(美)James Tsui著，杨小牛，陆安南，金飚译．宽带数字接收机．电子工业出版社．2002．290～323。
[16]．罗利春．无线电侦察信号分析与处理．第一版．北京：国防工业出版社，2002．29～33。
[17]．李正斌．瞬态信号高分辨率谱分析——傅立叶变换插值法．煤田地质与勘探．1995，12．
[18]．罗利春．无线电侦察信号分析与处理．第一版．北京：国防工业出版社，2002．25～27。
[19]. Rabiner L R, Schafer R W and Rader C M. The Chirp Z-transform Algorithm. IEEE trans. On Audio and Electroacoustics. 1969, 17(2), pp. 86～192.
[20]．应启珩，冯一云，窦维蓓．离散时间信号分析和处理．北京：清华大学出版社，2001．1155～1591。
[21]．Oppenheim A V and Schafer R W. Discrete2Time Signal Processing. Prentice2Hall, 1989. 623～628。
[22]．刘进明，应怀樵．FFT谱连续细化分析的傅立叶变换法．振动工程学报．1995．6。
[23]．赵树杰，史林．数字信号处理．西安电子科技大学出版社，1997．74～77。
[24]. O'Hara F J. and Moore G M.. A High Performance CW Receiver Using Feedthrugh Nulling Microwave Journal, Sept. 1963.63。
[25]. B. Windrow and J. R. Glover. Adaptive Noise Canceling. Principles Applications, Proceeding of the IEEE, 1975.12.Vol63。
[26]．秦振华．泄漏信号的中频自适应对消．遥测遥控．第16卷第3期。
[27]．林象平．雷达对抗原理．西安电子科技大学出版社，1985。
[28]．沈新江，李世翔．连续波雷达中频对消技术研究．上海航天．1998年第二期
[29]．郭联合，王东进．毫米波连续波雷达载波泄漏对消．现代雷达．第四期2001．8。
[30]．赵树杰，史林．数字信号处理．西安电子科技大学出版社，1997．169～237。
[31]．杨小牛，楼才义，徐建良．软件无线电原理与应用．电子工业出版社，2001．50～56。
[32]．杨小牛，楼才义，徐建良．软件无线电原理与应用．电子工业出版社，2001．179～180。