基于刚柔耦合门式起重机静动态设计分析
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摘要
新的钢轨装卸工艺要求采用大跨度门式起重机起吊百米钢轨,其特点是跨度大、吊重长度长、作业情况复杂、工作现场安全性要求高,因此需要门式起重机有较好的动态性能。因此,本文在静态分析基础上,进行了多体系统结构动力学仿真。
课题依托于实际项目,以60t重轨吊运电磁挂梁门式起重机为原型。在静力学分析计算后,根据门式起重机动力学原理,用有限元分析软件ANSYS和虚拟样机动力学分析软件ADAMS对门式起重机各典型工况进行多体动力学仿真,给出了有意义的仿真结果,并提供了具体的分析方法。论文中主要工作如下:
运用ANSYS软件建立了门式起重机的门架结构有限元模型,对其结构进行力学分析,得到静载作用下的应力及变形情况;对其进行特征屈曲分析,计算得到屈曲变形系数为3.3,满足门式起重机的稳定性要求;采用分块Lanczos法对门式起重机门架结构进行模态分析,得出门架结构的前六阶固有频率和振型。
将ANSYS中生成的门式起重机门架结构模态中性文件,导入ADAMS软件中作为柔性体,与Pro/E中生成的小车刚性体模型结合,建立门式起重机刚柔耦合模型。从而实现门式起重机吊重起升、大车运行过程的动态仿真。在大车不同运行速度下,对动态载荷变化情况进行比较,得出结果其随着运行速度的增大而增大。仿真中得到门式起重机作业过程中的动力学仿真数据,为深入了解门式起重机动态特性提供了有效的分析手段,为其结构设计提供了依据。
The new technology of rail loading requires long span gantry crane to hoist hectometer rails .The characteristics of gantry crane are long span, long length of load, operation of complexity, high security in working field and so on, so good dynamic performance is required. In this paper, a dynamics simulation of multi-body system is promoted based on static analysis.
This paper relying on a practical project, base on the 60t gantry crane which is used for loading hectometer rails . After the static analysis and calculation, according to the dynamics principle of gantry crane, the multi-body dynamics simulation in various typical working operations is carried out with the FEA software ANSYS and virtual prototype dynamic analysis software ADAMS. The significant simulation results are given and the analysis method are provided. The main work of this paper shows as follows:
The FEA model of portal gantry is established with ANSYS software, and the FEA analysis of mechanics structure is performed to acquire the stresses and deformations under static load; buckling analysis is carried out and calculates the deformation buckling coefficient is 3.3, which meet the requirements of the stability of the Gantry crane. The former six order natural frequency and modal shape of the portal gantry are obtained through modal analysis by means of segmentation Lanczos method.
Import MNF of portal gantry structure which is generated in ANSYS into ADAMS software, and take it as flexible body to build Rigid-Flexible model of gantry crane, combining with rigid body model built in Pro/E. Then, the dynamic simulation of gantry crane in the processes of hoisting load and mainframe traveling are performed. Compare the dynamic load changes when carts in a different speed, the results increases with the increases of its speed. The dynamic simulation data of gantry crane in the work processes are obtained, which provide effective analysis methods for researching the dynamic characteristics of gantry cranes, and the bases for structure design.
课题依托于实际项目,以60t重轨吊运电磁挂梁门式起重机为原型。在静力学分析计算后,根据门式起重机动力学原理,用有限元分析软件ANSYS和虚拟样机动力学分析软件ADAMS对门式起重机各典型工况进行多体动力学仿真,给出了有意义的仿真结果,并提供了具体的分析方法。论文中主要工作如下:
运用ANSYS软件建立了门式起重机的门架结构有限元模型,对其结构进行力学分析,得到静载作用下的应力及变形情况;对其进行特征屈曲分析,计算得到屈曲变形系数为3.3,满足门式起重机的稳定性要求;采用分块Lanczos法对门式起重机门架结构进行模态分析,得出门架结构的前六阶固有频率和振型。
将ANSYS中生成的门式起重机门架结构模态中性文件,导入ADAMS软件中作为柔性体,与Pro/E中生成的小车刚性体模型结合,建立门式起重机刚柔耦合模型。从而实现门式起重机吊重起升、大车运行过程的动态仿真。在大车不同运行速度下,对动态载荷变化情况进行比较,得出结果其随着运行速度的增大而增大。仿真中得到门式起重机作业过程中的动力学仿真数据,为深入了解门式起重机动态特性提供了有效的分析手段,为其结构设计提供了依据。
The new technology of rail loading requires long span gantry crane to hoist hectometer rails .The characteristics of gantry crane are long span, long length of load, operation of complexity, high security in working field and so on, so good dynamic performance is required. In this paper, a dynamics simulation of multi-body system is promoted based on static analysis.
This paper relying on a practical project, base on the 60t gantry crane which is used for loading hectometer rails . After the static analysis and calculation, according to the dynamics principle of gantry crane, the multi-body dynamics simulation in various typical working operations is carried out with the FEA software ANSYS and virtual prototype dynamic analysis software ADAMS. The significant simulation results are given and the analysis method are provided. The main work of this paper shows as follows:
The FEA model of portal gantry is established with ANSYS software, and the FEA analysis of mechanics structure is performed to acquire the stresses and deformations under static load; buckling analysis is carried out and calculates the deformation buckling coefficient is 3.3, which meet the requirements of the stability of the Gantry crane. The former six order natural frequency and modal shape of the portal gantry are obtained through modal analysis by means of segmentation Lanczos method.
Import MNF of portal gantry structure which is generated in ANSYS into ADAMS software, and take it as flexible body to build Rigid-Flexible model of gantry crane, combining with rigid body model built in Pro/E. Then, the dynamic simulation of gantry crane in the processes of hoisting load and mainframe traveling are performed. Compare the dynamic load changes when carts in a different speed, the results increases with the increases of its speed. The dynamic simulation data of gantry crane in the work processes are obtained, which provide effective analysis methods for researching the dynamic characteristics of gantry cranes, and the bases for structure design.
引文
[1]周明翔.百米钢轨焊接基地门式起重机集控方案.铁道标准设计,2008,10:118-119.
[2]须雷.起重运输机械国内市场需求预测.世界机电经贸信息,1996.
[3]须雷.起重运输机械国际市场需求及技术发展趋势.世界机电经贸信息,1996,11.
[4]邱栋梁.国内外起重机发展动态.起重运输机械,1997,8:3-5.
[5]赵世军.起重机械制造业的发展趋势.大众标准化,2005,6:17-18.
[6]孙桂林等.起重安全.中国劳动社会保障出版社,2007,1:15-17.
[7]王金诺,赵永翔,程文明.现代设计理论与方法在起重运输机械中的应用和展望.起重运输机械,1997(2):3-9.
[8]邹经湘.结构动力学.哈尔滨:哈工大出版社,1997.
[9]须雷.现代起重机的特征和发展趋向.北京:起重运输机械 1997,10:3-7.
[10]白书清,李伯虎,贾振元等.航天器现代集成制造系统研究.计算机集成制造系统,2001,7:1-6.
[11]倪庆兴,王焕勇.起重机械.上海交通大学出版社,2007,7.
[12]杨鼎宁等.计算机辅助工程(CAE)及其发展.力学与实践,2005,3:8-16.
[13]杨长骙.起重机械.机械工业出版社,1982,11:3.
[14]李志建,丁敏.CAE技术在港口机械领域的应用与展望.水运科学研究,2007,2:1-4.
[15]Tay,Francis E H,Gu,Jinxiang,Product modiling for conceptual design support.Computers in Industry,2002,48:143-155.
[16]Brach R Vehicle dynamics model for simulation on a macrocomputer.Int.J of Vehicle Design Vol 12 no 4.
[17]李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析实用教程.清华大学出版社,2005:2-3.
[18]龚曙光等.ANSY8基础应用及范例解析.机械工业出版社,2004:438-444.
[19]吴广明.用ANSYS进行甲板极架稳定性计算.中国船舰研究,2007,4:5-8.
[20]刘谋佶,高耀东.郭喜平等.ANSYS机械工程应用25例.北京电子工业出版社,2007:171-182.
[21]杨涛,李光攀,过学迅.基于ANSYS的专用车车架模态分析.专用汽车,2008,11:48-50.
[22]张朝晖等.ANSYS11.0结构分析工程应用实例解析.机械工业出版社,2008:185-200.
[23]罗辉,易海鹏,罗会信.桥式起重机主梁有限元分析.建筑机械,2007,02:67-7.
[24]刘延柱,陈文良,陈立群.振动力学.北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[25]大久保信行.机械模态分析.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1985.
[26]曾春,徐长生.基于ANSYS的起重机起升机构起升过程的动态分析.起重运输机械,2007(10):72-73.
[27]刘淑香,于兰峰,王洪欣等.集装箱龙门起重机结构系统动态优化设计.中国机械工程学会物流工程分会设备结构专业委员会,成都,2007:49-53.
[28]张质文,王金诺等.起重机设计规范.北京:国家标准局出版社,1983.
[29]袁士杰,吕哲勤.多刚体系统动力学.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1992.
[30]Using ADAMS/View.MDI,1994.
[31]Using ADAMS/Solver.MDI,1994.
[32]R.罗森伯著.程通翼郭坤译.离散系统动力学.北京:人民教育出版社,1981.
[33]韦树宝.基于虚拟样机技术的龙门起重机动力学仿真研究:(硕士学何论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2006,4.
[34]李军,邢俊文,覃文洁等.ADAMS实例教程.北京理工大学出版社,2002:12-13.
[35]王国强.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实践.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002.
[36]郑建荣.ADAMS虚拟样机技术入门与提高.机械工业出版社,2005,8:11.
[37]李军,邢俊文,覃文洁等.ADAMS实例教程.北京理工大学出版社,2002,7:218-219.
[38]李增刚.ADAMS入门详解与实例.国防工业出版社,2007:125-127.
[39]祝效华,廖伟志,黄永安等.CAD/CAE/CFD/VPT/SC软件协作技术.中国水利水电出版社,2004:172-180.
[40]中华人民共和国国家标准局.起重机设计规范(GB3811-83).北京:中国标准出版社,1984.
[41]张氢,杨林,喻艳等.65t集装箱岸桥动力仿真建模及其在起升工况分析中的应用.上海市机械工程学会,2007:46-48.
[42]张质文,虞和谦,王金诺等.起重机设计手册.中国铁道出版社,1998.
[2]须雷.起重运输机械国内市场需求预测.世界机电经贸信息,1996.
[3]须雷.起重运输机械国际市场需求及技术发展趋势.世界机电经贸信息,1996,11.
[4]邱栋梁.国内外起重机发展动态.起重运输机械,1997,8:3-5.
[5]赵世军.起重机械制造业的发展趋势.大众标准化,2005,6:17-18.
[6]孙桂林等.起重安全.中国劳动社会保障出版社,2007,1:15-17.
[7]王金诺,赵永翔,程文明.现代设计理论与方法在起重运输机械中的应用和展望.起重运输机械,1997(2):3-9.
[8]邹经湘.结构动力学.哈尔滨:哈工大出版社,1997.
[9]须雷.现代起重机的特征和发展趋向.北京:起重运输机械 1997,10:3-7.
[10]白书清,李伯虎,贾振元等.航天器现代集成制造系统研究.计算机集成制造系统,2001,7:1-6.
[11]倪庆兴,王焕勇.起重机械.上海交通大学出版社,2007,7.
[12]杨鼎宁等.计算机辅助工程(CAE)及其发展.力学与实践,2005,3:8-16.
[13]杨长骙.起重机械.机械工业出版社,1982,11:3.
[14]李志建,丁敏.CAE技术在港口机械领域的应用与展望.水运科学研究,2007,2:1-4.
[15]Tay,Francis E H,Gu,Jinxiang,Product modiling for conceptual design support.Computers in Industry,2002,48:143-155.
[16]Brach R Vehicle dynamics model for simulation on a macrocomputer.Int.J of Vehicle Design Vol 12 no 4.
[17]李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析实用教程.清华大学出版社,2005:2-3.
[18]龚曙光等.ANSY8基础应用及范例解析.机械工业出版社,2004:438-444.
[19]吴广明.用ANSYS进行甲板极架稳定性计算.中国船舰研究,2007,4:5-8.
[20]刘谋佶,高耀东.郭喜平等.ANSYS机械工程应用25例.北京电子工业出版社,2007:171-182.
[21]杨涛,李光攀,过学迅.基于ANSYS的专用车车架模态分析.专用汽车,2008,11:48-50.
[22]张朝晖等.ANSYS11.0结构分析工程应用实例解析.机械工业出版社,2008:185-200.
[23]罗辉,易海鹏,罗会信.桥式起重机主梁有限元分析.建筑机械,2007,02:67-7.
[24]刘延柱,陈文良,陈立群.振动力学.北京:高等教育出版社,1998.
[25]大久保信行.机械模态分析.上海:上海交通大学出版社,1985.
[26]曾春,徐长生.基于ANSYS的起重机起升机构起升过程的动态分析.起重运输机械,2007(10):72-73.
[27]刘淑香,于兰峰,王洪欣等.集装箱龙门起重机结构系统动态优化设计.中国机械工程学会物流工程分会设备结构专业委员会,成都,2007:49-53.
[28]张质文,王金诺等.起重机设计规范.北京:国家标准局出版社,1983.
[29]袁士杰,吕哲勤.多刚体系统动力学.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1992.
[30]Using ADAMS/View.MDI,1994.
[31]Using ADAMS/Solver.MDI,1994.
[32]R.罗森伯著.程通翼郭坤译.离散系统动力学.北京:人民教育出版社,1981.
[33]韦树宝.基于虚拟样机技术的龙门起重机动力学仿真研究:(硕士学何论文).武汉:武汉理工大学,2006,4.
[34]李军,邢俊文,覃文洁等.ADAMS实例教程.北京理工大学出版社,2002:12-13.
[35]王国强.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实践.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002.
[36]郑建荣.ADAMS虚拟样机技术入门与提高.机械工业出版社,2005,8:11.
[37]李军,邢俊文,覃文洁等.ADAMS实例教程.北京理工大学出版社,2002,7:218-219.
[38]李增刚.ADAMS入门详解与实例.国防工业出版社,2007:125-127.
[39]祝效华,廖伟志,黄永安等.CAD/CAE/CFD/VPT/SC软件协作技术.中国水利水电出版社,2004:172-180.
[40]中华人民共和国国家标准局.起重机设计规范(GB3811-83).北京:中国标准出版社,1984.
[41]张氢,杨林,喻艳等.65t集装箱岸桥动力仿真建模及其在起升工况分析中的应用.上海市机械工程学会,2007:46-48.
[42]张质文,虞和谦,王金诺等.起重机设计手册.中国铁道出版社,1998.