汽车天窗电机噪声分析与电磁设计
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摘要
汽车电动天窗的使用给人们的生活带来了极大方便,然而天窗电机在运行过程中存在着噪声,影响了人们的乘车的舒适性。汽车天窗电机由驱动电机与蜗轮蜗杆传动系统构成。由于其安装在汽车内部及特殊的传动形式,使得对汽车天窗电机的噪声控制和设计提出了苛刻要求。本课题正是来源于某公司对出口天窗电机低噪声的需求,对天窗电机设计、系统噪声源测试、分析及优化等开展研究。该选题和研究成果对解决低噪声天窗电机设计、噪声源测试等具有实际应用意义。本文以Volvo P1137汽车天窗电机为研究对象,主要研究内容包括:
①在阐述天窗用永磁直流电机的基本结构、运行原理和设计方法的基础上,对天窗电机主要参数和性能进行分析。为提高计算准确性,对影响磁路计算的设计参数的有限元模型进行研究。针对天窗电机及其传动系统特殊结构,研究基于遗传算法的天窗电机性能参数确定,并与样机测试数据进行比较。
②为了识别天窗电机噪声源及其噪声水平,应用选择运行法研究了测试方案及其系统噪声的主要组成部分。针对不同位置多次测试信号的要求,研究了基于ART-2的噪声测试方法,并对其噪声源进行了比较分析。
③在分析齿槽转矩产生机理基础上,研究了Volvo P1137汽车天窗电机的极槽配合、极弧系数选择对齿槽转矩的影响。指出转子静态偏心情况下极弧系数的选择方法。在满足电机性能基础上,以降低齿槽转矩为目标,应用遗传算法对电机结构参数进行优化。
上述的研究取得了一定的成果,特别是获得了针对不同位置测试信号的噪声特征频率提取及融合方法。本文取得的研究成果对Volvo P1137汽车天窗电机的优化设计及噪声源识别具有指导作用,其特征频率提取及融合方法为其他电机噪声源分析具有借鉴作用。
The use of car sunroof has brought great convenience to people’s life. However, noises are generated when the sunroof motor is running, which reduces people's drive comfort. Sunroof motor is composed of driving motor and transmission system. Because of its internal installation in automobile and special transmission chain, rigor requirements must be made for the car sunroof motor noise control and design. This study is inspired from a company’s need for low-noise export sunroof motor and centers on the sunroof motor designing, system noise testing, analyzing and optimizing. The research is practically significant to the low-noise sunroof motor design and noise source test. In this thesis, P1137 Volvo car sunroof motor is chosen as the research object. The main contents of this thesis include:
①Base on the elaboration of the basic structure, operating principle and design method of sunroof permanent magnetic direct current motor (PMDCM), this thesis probes into the main parameters and performance of the sunroof motor. In order to improve calculation accuracy, investigation of the effects of calculated finite element model of magnetic circuit design parameters is conducted. Aiming at the sunroof motor and transmission system performance, this study is based on the genetic algorithm and the performance index confirmation which is used to compare with the test data of sample motors.
②In order to identify the sunroof motor noise source and the noise level, choosing operation method is used to study the test scheme and the main components of the system noises. According to the requirement that different locations should test signals repeatedly, this thesis studies the noise test method based on ART– 2 and compares and analyzes its noise sources.
③Based on the analysis of the cogging torque production mechanism, this thesis studies the influence of the slot-pole match and pole-arc coefficient selection of the sunroof motor of Volvo P1137 on the cogging torque. This study presents pole arc selection method in the case of rotor static eccentric. On the basis of satisfying the motor performance index, this study applies the genetic algorithm to optimize the parameters of motor’s structure so as to reduce the cogging torque.
The research has obtained certain achievements,especially the acquirement of the method to extract and fuse the noise characteristics frequency of test signals at different positions. The achievements obtained in this research provide some guidelines for the optimal design and noise source identification of the sunroof motor of Volvo P1137. Its characteristic frequency extraction and fusion method can be used in other motor noise source analysis for reference.
①在阐述天窗用永磁直流电机的基本结构、运行原理和设计方法的基础上,对天窗电机主要参数和性能进行分析。为提高计算准确性,对影响磁路计算的设计参数的有限元模型进行研究。针对天窗电机及其传动系统特殊结构,研究基于遗传算法的天窗电机性能参数确定,并与样机测试数据进行比较。
②为了识别天窗电机噪声源及其噪声水平,应用选择运行法研究了测试方案及其系统噪声的主要组成部分。针对不同位置多次测试信号的要求,研究了基于ART-2的噪声测试方法,并对其噪声源进行了比较分析。
③在分析齿槽转矩产生机理基础上,研究了Volvo P1137汽车天窗电机的极槽配合、极弧系数选择对齿槽转矩的影响。指出转子静态偏心情况下极弧系数的选择方法。在满足电机性能基础上,以降低齿槽转矩为目标,应用遗传算法对电机结构参数进行优化。
上述的研究取得了一定的成果,特别是获得了针对不同位置测试信号的噪声特征频率提取及融合方法。本文取得的研究成果对Volvo P1137汽车天窗电机的优化设计及噪声源识别具有指导作用,其特征频率提取及融合方法为其他电机噪声源分析具有借鉴作用。
The use of car sunroof has brought great convenience to people’s life. However, noises are generated when the sunroof motor is running, which reduces people's drive comfort. Sunroof motor is composed of driving motor and transmission system. Because of its internal installation in automobile and special transmission chain, rigor requirements must be made for the car sunroof motor noise control and design. This study is inspired from a company’s need for low-noise export sunroof motor and centers on the sunroof motor designing, system noise testing, analyzing and optimizing. The research is practically significant to the low-noise sunroof motor design and noise source test. In this thesis, P1137 Volvo car sunroof motor is chosen as the research object. The main contents of this thesis include:
①Base on the elaboration of the basic structure, operating principle and design method of sunroof permanent magnetic direct current motor (PMDCM), this thesis probes into the main parameters and performance of the sunroof motor. In order to improve calculation accuracy, investigation of the effects of calculated finite element model of magnetic circuit design parameters is conducted. Aiming at the sunroof motor and transmission system performance, this study is based on the genetic algorithm and the performance index confirmation which is used to compare with the test data of sample motors.
②In order to identify the sunroof motor noise source and the noise level, choosing operation method is used to study the test scheme and the main components of the system noises. According to the requirement that different locations should test signals repeatedly, this thesis studies the noise test method based on ART– 2 and compares and analyzes its noise sources.
③Based on the analysis of the cogging torque production mechanism, this thesis studies the influence of the slot-pole match and pole-arc coefficient selection of the sunroof motor of Volvo P1137 on the cogging torque. This study presents pole arc selection method in the case of rotor static eccentric. On the basis of satisfying the motor performance index, this study applies the genetic algorithm to optimize the parameters of motor’s structure so as to reduce the cogging torque.
The research has obtained certain achievements,especially the acquirement of the method to extract and fuse the noise characteristics frequency of test signals at different positions. The achievements obtained in this research provide some guidelines for the optimal design and noise source identification of the sunroof motor of Volvo P1137. Its characteristic frequency extraction and fusion method can be used in other motor noise source analysis for reference.
引文
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[2]赵国强,孙海涛.现代轿车天窗应用及匹配优化[J].设计研究,上海汽车,2004.
[3]刘成芳.汽车天窗电机自主品牌难唱主角[J].中国汽车报,2007,18(6).
[4]严自新.永磁直流电动机振动和噪声分析[J],微特电机,2008,7:56-59.
[5]王爱玲,王军华.电机噪声分析与降噪措施[J],平顶山工学院学报,2005,14(3):51-52.
[6] Sebastiao Lauro Nau , Hugo Gustavo Gomez Mello.Acoustic noise in induction motors:causes and solutions[C].Paper No. PCIC-2000-26:253-263.
[7]游善良,郑时刚.异步电机噪音的分析和预测·大电机,1973 (2),33-35.
[8]邱捷,励庆孚.实心转子永磁同步电动机的动态转子参数及起动特性的计算[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(6):6-10.
[9] Candace Rogers Suriano. A study of DC Permanent magnetic motor noise related to line current [D], Electrical and Computer Engineering ECE Technical Reports, Purdue Libraries, 1994.
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[11] Chriso R M.Automated, full load motor testing at production spreeds[C].Electrical Insulation Conference and Electrical Manufacturing & Coil Winding Conference, Rosemont, IL, USA, 1997:337-343.
[12]李云峰,徐殿国,史敬灼.基于空载启动过程的串励电机参数辨识[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(8):147-152.
[13]史敬灼,王岚,徐殿国.单相交流串励电机无耦合自动测试[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(11):76-81.
[14]陈心昭.噪声识别技术进展[J],合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,32(5):609-614.
[15]汪庆年,李红艳,史风娟,元美玲.基于频谱分析的电机噪声源的识别[J],声学技术,2009,28(4):528-531.
[16]吉小军,施文康,张自嘉,张国伟.基于噪声信号的声源检测与故障诊断[J],计算机测量与控制,2003,11(12):918-920.
[17]秦宣云,卜英勇.基于小波变换的故障信号检测[J],中南工业大学学报,2002,33(4):434-437.
[18]薛玮飞,陈进,杨超,李加庆,雷宣扬.混合波叠加法识别噪声源的理论与试验研究[J],振动、测试与诊断,2007,27(1).
[19]魏英静,马月辉,杨宜平,高静巧.LabVIEW在电机故障专家系统中的应用[J],防爆电机,2005,40(3).
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