推土机工作装置的多学科设计优化研究
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摘要
随着工程设计面临的设计优化问题越来越复杂,逐渐形成了一门多学科设计优化方法学,其研究的对象是内部存在学科交互作用的复杂系统和子系统,并通过一系列的技术和方法,解决学科交互作用造成的计算成本和组织难度负担。本篇论文结合军工预研项目开展推土机工作装置的多学科设计优化技术研究。本文共分为六章:
第一章绪论,归纳与总结了多学科设计优化方法学产生的背景与意义、主要研究内容和关键技术,进而提出了课题研究的推土机工作装置的多学科设计优化问题,分析了问题内部的学科耦合情况,明确了研究内容。
第二章与第三章分别从工作装置的机构设计和结构设计方面论述了学科分析与建模的过程,其中对虚拟样机、试验设计、参数化建模和自动化学科分析等技术内容有较详细的论述。
第四章是对粒子群优化算法的研究,通过系统学习该算法发展过程中的已有成果,提出了几个值得深入研究的问题,进而对其进行了试验研究。为了将粒子群算法应用于推土机工作装置的多学科设计优化问题,本文对该算法进行了有针对性地优化器改造。
第五章内容是推土机工作装置多学科设计优化过程的实现部分,对优化进程进行了规划并建立了优化模型,以软件集成的方式实现了自动化优化流程。对优化方案的评价显示该方案能够很好的满足设计要求并在主要优化目标上取得了显著的改进。
第六章,总结了本文的主要工作,并且对后续工作进行展望。
As the engineering design and optimization problems become increasingly complex, a new methodology named Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) is gradually formed. It primarily focuses on the design and optimization of complex engineering systems and subsystems which are governed by mutually interacting physical phenomena. MDO employs many state-of-the-art techniques and methods to counter the computational and organizational challenges brought by the synergism of disciplines and subsystems. This thesis is based on a military pre-research project which involves design and optimization of bulldozer working equipment, and is organized into the following six chapters:
In chapter one, the background and meaning of MDO are summarized, followed by its key concepts and techniques. Then the MDO problem of bulldozer equipment is broached and the inside discipline synergism is analyzed.
In chapter two and three, the disciplinary analysis and modeling process for the equipment's mechanism and structure design are discussed respectively. Virtual prototype, Design of Experiment (DOE), parameterized modeling and automatic disciplinary analysis techniques are employed in this process.
Chapter four focuses on the research on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). By reviewing and studying the key achievements in its history of development, several aspects worth further researching are pointed out and experiments are carried out. In order to be applied in the MDO process of bulldozer working equipment, PSO is accordingly transformed into optimizer.
The fifth chapter is the realization of the problem's MDO process. The optimization procedure and model are clarified, followed by the software-integrated optimization process for the problem. The evaluation of the optimized design plan shows a good fulfillment of its requirement and the improvement is satisfying.
The last chapter concludes the whole paper and suggestions for further research are given.
第一章绪论,归纳与总结了多学科设计优化方法学产生的背景与意义、主要研究内容和关键技术,进而提出了课题研究的推土机工作装置的多学科设计优化问题,分析了问题内部的学科耦合情况,明确了研究内容。
第二章与第三章分别从工作装置的机构设计和结构设计方面论述了学科分析与建模的过程,其中对虚拟样机、试验设计、参数化建模和自动化学科分析等技术内容有较详细的论述。
第四章是对粒子群优化算法的研究,通过系统学习该算法发展过程中的已有成果,提出了几个值得深入研究的问题,进而对其进行了试验研究。为了将粒子群算法应用于推土机工作装置的多学科设计优化问题,本文对该算法进行了有针对性地优化器改造。
第五章内容是推土机工作装置多学科设计优化过程的实现部分,对优化进程进行了规划并建立了优化模型,以软件集成的方式实现了自动化优化流程。对优化方案的评价显示该方案能够很好的满足设计要求并在主要优化目标上取得了显著的改进。
第六章,总结了本文的主要工作,并且对后续工作进行展望。
As the engineering design and optimization problems become increasingly complex, a new methodology named Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) is gradually formed. It primarily focuses on the design and optimization of complex engineering systems and subsystems which are governed by mutually interacting physical phenomena. MDO employs many state-of-the-art techniques and methods to counter the computational and organizational challenges brought by the synergism of disciplines and subsystems. This thesis is based on a military pre-research project which involves design and optimization of bulldozer working equipment, and is organized into the following six chapters:
In chapter one, the background and meaning of MDO are summarized, followed by its key concepts and techniques. Then the MDO problem of bulldozer equipment is broached and the inside discipline synergism is analyzed.
In chapter two and three, the disciplinary analysis and modeling process for the equipment's mechanism and structure design are discussed respectively. Virtual prototype, Design of Experiment (DOE), parameterized modeling and automatic disciplinary analysis techniques are employed in this process.
Chapter four focuses on the research on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). By reviewing and studying the key achievements in its history of development, several aspects worth further researching are pointed out and experiments are carried out. In order to be applied in the MDO process of bulldozer working equipment, PSO is accordingly transformed into optimizer.
The fifth chapter is the realization of the problem's MDO process. The optimization procedure and model are clarified, followed by the software-integrated optimization process for the problem. The evaluation of the optimized design plan shows a good fulfillment of its requirement and the improvement is satisfying.
The last chapter concludes the whole paper and suggestions for further research are given.
引文
[1]路甬祥.工程设计的发展趋势和未来.机械工程学报.1997.33
[2]来可伟.并行工程.机械工业出版社.2003
[3]冯培思等译.Pahl G..,Beitz W.著.工程设计学(Konstruktionslehre),.机械工业出版社.1992.
[4]韩明红.复杂工程系统多学科优化方法与技术研究[博士学位论文].北京航空航天大学.2004
[5]Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J.A linear decomposition method for optimization problems -blueprint for development.NASA Technical Memorandum 83248.1982
[6]Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J.Multidisciplinary design optimization:an emerging new engineering discipline.Advances in Structural Mechanics,1993.488-496.
[7]Joseph P.Giesing,J.M.Barthelemy.A summary of industry MDO applications and needs.AIAA,1998
[8]Braun R.D.,Kroo I.Development and application of the collaborative optimization architecture in a multidisciplinary design environment.SIAM Journal on Optimization.1997
[9]Braun R.D.,Gage P.,Kroo I..Implementation and performance issues in collaborative optimization.6~(th) MA&O Conference,1996.AIAA-96-4017
[10]Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J.Multidisciplinary aerospace design optimization-Survey of recent developments.AIAA,1996
[11]AIAA Technical Committee on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization:White Paper on current state of the art.1991
[12]邱清盈.机械广义优化设计的若干关键技术问题研究[博士学位论文].浙江大学.1999
[13]Varun Sakalkar,Parbhat Hajela.Multilevel decomposition based non-deterministic design optimization.49~(th) Structures,Structual Dynamics and Materials Conference.2008
[14]Adel Younis,Jichao Gu,Zuomin Dong,Guangyao Li.Trends features and tests of common and recently introduced global optimization methods.12~(th) AIAA/ISSMO MAO Conference.2008.12
[15]Hulme K.F.,Bloebaum C.L.A comparison of solution strategies for simulation-based multidisciplinary design optimization.AIAA 1998.4977
[16]Cramer E.J.,Dennis J.E.,Frank P.D.,etc..Problem formulation for multidisciplinary optimization.SIAM Journal on Optimization,1994,4.754-776
[17]De La Garza,Darmofal D.L.An All-At-Once approach for multidisciplinary design optimization.AIAA.9832479
[18]Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J.A step from hierarchic to non-hierarchic systems.2~(nd) NASA Air Force symposium on recent advances in multidisciplinary analysis and optimization.1988.9
[19]Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J,Srinivas Kodiyalam.BLISS/S:A new method for two-level structural optimization.1999,AIAA.1345
[20]Sean Wakayama,Ilan Kroo.The challenge and promise of blended-wing-body optimization.AIAA,1998.4736
[21]张洪国.虚拟样机综述.机电产品开发与创新.2008.9
[22]刘静.挖掘机器人虚拟样机建模技术及其应用研究[博士学位论文].浙江大学.2005.1-8
[23]冷峻,丁雄飞等.对装载机进行整车动强度分析.工程机械.2008.7
[24]彭禹,郝志勇.基于虚拟样机的动态轻量化设计方法.浙江大学学报.2008.6
[25]许小侠,赵静斌,韩英淳.基于虚拟样机的轿车天窗运动机构设计.机械工程学报.2008.9
[26]R.Jin,W.Chen,T.W.Simpson.Comparative studies of metamodeling techniques under multiple modeling criteria.Struct Multidis Optim 2001,23.1-13
[27]Timothy W.Simpson,Dennis K.J.Lin,Wei Chen.Sampling strategies for computer experiments:Design and analysis.International Journal of Reliability and Applications.2001
[28]刘德顺,岳文辉,杜小平.不确定性分析与稳健设计的研究进展.中国机械工程.17.2006
[29]刘英,王凤歧.产品稳健设计响应面模型法的试验设计.机械设计与制造.2005
[30]韩汉鹏.试验统计引论.中国林业出版社,2006.1
[31]袁志发,周静芋.试验设计与分析.高等教育出版社,2000.1,303
[32]MSC.Software.Adams/Insight help
[33]Kaufman M,Balabanov,Burgee S.L,Giunta A.A.Variable-complexity response surface approximations for wing structural weight in HSCT design.Proc.34~(th) Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.AIAA Paper 96-0089,1996
[34]Neil A.Butler.Optimal and orthogonal Latin hypercube designs for computer experiments.Biometrika,pp.847-857.2001
[35]Sonia Calvel,Marcel Mongeau.Black-box structural optimization of a mechanical component.Computer and Industrial Engineering.2007.53
[36]雷天觉.液压工程手册.机械工业出版社.1991.768-770
[37]刘鸿文.材料力学.高等教育出版社.1992.59
[38]James Kennedy,Russell Eberhart.Particle Swarm Optimization.IEEE.1995
[39]James Kennedy.The particle swarm:Social adaptation of knowledge.IEEE,1997
[40]Yuhui Shi,Russell Eberhart.A modified Particle Swarm optimizer.IEEE,1998
[41]Maurice Clerc.The swarm and the queen:Towards a deterministic and adaptive swarm optimization.Proc.1999 ICEC,Washington,DC,1951-1957
[42]Maurice Clerc,James Kennedy.The Particle Swarm-Explosion,Stability,and Convergence in a Multi-dimensional Complex Space.IEEE,2002
[43]Russell Eberhart,Yuhui Shi.Comparing Inertia Weights and Constriction Factors in Particle Swarm Optimization.IEEE,2000
[44]James Kennedy.Small Worlds and Mega-minds:Effects of neighborhood topology on particle swarm performance.Proceedings of the 1999 Conference on Evolutionary Computation,1931-1938
[45]James Kennedy,Rui Mendes.Population structure and Particle Swarm performance.IEEE,2002
[46]Rui Mendes,James Kennedy,Jose Neves.The fully informed Particle Swarm:Simpler maybe better.IEEE,2004
[47]段晓东,高红霞,张学东,刘向东.粒子群算法种群结构与种群多样性的关系研究.计算机科学.2007.34
[48]李爱国.多粒子群协同优化算法.复旦学报,2004,43
[49]James Kennedy,.In search of the essential Particle Swarm.IEEE congress on Evolutionary Computations.2006
[50]曾建湖,介婧,崔志华.微粒群算法.科学出版社.2004.8-10
[51]吴启迪,汪镭.智能微粒群算法研究及应用.江苏教育出版社.2005.7-8
[52]Daniel Bratton,James Kennedy.Defining a standard for Particle Swarm Optimization.IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium,2007
[53]Wolpert D.H,Macready W.G.No free lunch theorems for optimization.IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 1997,1,67
[54]兰成明,李惠.结构可靠度的粒子群优化算法.福州大学学报.2005.33
[55]王雅洁.粒子群算法在机床结构优化设计中的应用.机械工程与自动化.2007.4
[56]Masahiko Nakamura,Kazuhiro Izui,et al.A Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization incorporating design sensitivities.AIAA/ISSMO MAO Conference,2006.
[57]Gerhard Venter.Particle Swarm Optimization.AIAA Journal.2003.8
[58]G Venter,Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J.Multidisciplinary optimization of a transport aircraft wing using Particle Swarm Optimization.Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization,2004.
[59]K.E.Parsopoulos,M.N.Vrahatis.Particle Swarm Optimization method in multiobjective problems.SAC,2002.
[60]Eckart Zitzler,Lothar Thiele.Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms:A comparative case study and the strength pareto approach.IEEE Transactions On Evolutionary computation,1999,3.
[61]P C Fourie,A A Groenwold.The Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm in size and shape optimization.Struct Multidisc Optim,2002.
[62]Carlos A,Coello Coello.Handling multiple objectives with Particle Swarm Optimization.IEEE Transactions On Evolutionary Computation,Vol 8,2004.
[63]Jacobsmeyer H.A,Bailing R.J.When can multi-level optimization reduce computational effort.AIAA.1998
[64]熊为水.推土作业装置优化设计[硕士学位论文].2008.8
[65]李芳,凌道盛.工程结构优化设计发展综述.工程设计学报.2002.5
[2]来可伟.并行工程.机械工业出版社.2003
[3]冯培思等译.Pahl G..,Beitz W.著.工程设计学(Konstruktionslehre),.机械工业出版社.1992.
[4]韩明红.复杂工程系统多学科优化方法与技术研究[博士学位论文].北京航空航天大学.2004
[5]Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J.A linear decomposition method for optimization problems -blueprint for development.NASA Technical Memorandum 83248.1982
[6]Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J.Multidisciplinary design optimization:an emerging new engineering discipline.Advances in Structural Mechanics,1993.488-496.
[7]Joseph P.Giesing,J.M.Barthelemy.A summary of industry MDO applications and needs.AIAA,1998
[8]Braun R.D.,Kroo I.Development and application of the collaborative optimization architecture in a multidisciplinary design environment.SIAM Journal on Optimization.1997
[9]Braun R.D.,Gage P.,Kroo I..Implementation and performance issues in collaborative optimization.6~(th) MA&O Conference,1996.AIAA-96-4017
[10]Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J.Multidisciplinary aerospace design optimization-Survey of recent developments.AIAA,1996
[11]AIAA Technical Committee on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization:White Paper on current state of the art.1991
[12]邱清盈.机械广义优化设计的若干关键技术问题研究[博士学位论文].浙江大学.1999
[13]Varun Sakalkar,Parbhat Hajela.Multilevel decomposition based non-deterministic design optimization.49~(th) Structures,Structual Dynamics and Materials Conference.2008
[14]Adel Younis,Jichao Gu,Zuomin Dong,Guangyao Li.Trends features and tests of common and recently introduced global optimization methods.12~(th) AIAA/ISSMO MAO Conference.2008.12
[15]Hulme K.F.,Bloebaum C.L.A comparison of solution strategies for simulation-based multidisciplinary design optimization.AIAA 1998.4977
[16]Cramer E.J.,Dennis J.E.,Frank P.D.,etc..Problem formulation for multidisciplinary optimization.SIAM Journal on Optimization,1994,4.754-776
[17]De La Garza,Darmofal D.L.An All-At-Once approach for multidisciplinary design optimization.AIAA.9832479
[18]Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J.A step from hierarchic to non-hierarchic systems.2~(nd) NASA Air Force symposium on recent advances in multidisciplinary analysis and optimization.1988.9
[19]Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J,Srinivas Kodiyalam.BLISS/S:A new method for two-level structural optimization.1999,AIAA.1345
[20]Sean Wakayama,Ilan Kroo.The challenge and promise of blended-wing-body optimization.AIAA,1998.4736
[21]张洪国.虚拟样机综述.机电产品开发与创新.2008.9
[22]刘静.挖掘机器人虚拟样机建模技术及其应用研究[博士学位论文].浙江大学.2005.1-8
[23]冷峻,丁雄飞等.对装载机进行整车动强度分析.工程机械.2008.7
[24]彭禹,郝志勇.基于虚拟样机的动态轻量化设计方法.浙江大学学报.2008.6
[25]许小侠,赵静斌,韩英淳.基于虚拟样机的轿车天窗运动机构设计.机械工程学报.2008.9
[26]R.Jin,W.Chen,T.W.Simpson.Comparative studies of metamodeling techniques under multiple modeling criteria.Struct Multidis Optim 2001,23.1-13
[27]Timothy W.Simpson,Dennis K.J.Lin,Wei Chen.Sampling strategies for computer experiments:Design and analysis.International Journal of Reliability and Applications.2001
[28]刘德顺,岳文辉,杜小平.不确定性分析与稳健设计的研究进展.中国机械工程.17.2006
[29]刘英,王凤歧.产品稳健设计响应面模型法的试验设计.机械设计与制造.2005
[30]韩汉鹏.试验统计引论.中国林业出版社,2006.1
[31]袁志发,周静芋.试验设计与分析.高等教育出版社,2000.1,303
[32]MSC.Software.Adams/Insight help
[33]Kaufman M,Balabanov,Burgee S.L,Giunta A.A.Variable-complexity response surface approximations for wing structural weight in HSCT design.Proc.34~(th) Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.AIAA Paper 96-0089,1996
[34]Neil A.Butler.Optimal and orthogonal Latin hypercube designs for computer experiments.Biometrika,pp.847-857.2001
[35]Sonia Calvel,Marcel Mongeau.Black-box structural optimization of a mechanical component.Computer and Industrial Engineering.2007.53
[36]雷天觉.液压工程手册.机械工业出版社.1991.768-770
[37]刘鸿文.材料力学.高等教育出版社.1992.59
[38]James Kennedy,Russell Eberhart.Particle Swarm Optimization.IEEE.1995
[39]James Kennedy.The particle swarm:Social adaptation of knowledge.IEEE,1997
[40]Yuhui Shi,Russell Eberhart.A modified Particle Swarm optimizer.IEEE,1998
[41]Maurice Clerc.The swarm and the queen:Towards a deterministic and adaptive swarm optimization.Proc.1999 ICEC,Washington,DC,1951-1957
[42]Maurice Clerc,James Kennedy.The Particle Swarm-Explosion,Stability,and Convergence in a Multi-dimensional Complex Space.IEEE,2002
[43]Russell Eberhart,Yuhui Shi.Comparing Inertia Weights and Constriction Factors in Particle Swarm Optimization.IEEE,2000
[44]James Kennedy.Small Worlds and Mega-minds:Effects of neighborhood topology on particle swarm performance.Proceedings of the 1999 Conference on Evolutionary Computation,1931-1938
[45]James Kennedy,Rui Mendes.Population structure and Particle Swarm performance.IEEE,2002
[46]Rui Mendes,James Kennedy,Jose Neves.The fully informed Particle Swarm:Simpler maybe better.IEEE,2004
[47]段晓东,高红霞,张学东,刘向东.粒子群算法种群结构与种群多样性的关系研究.计算机科学.2007.34
[48]李爱国.多粒子群协同优化算法.复旦学报,2004,43
[49]James Kennedy,.In search of the essential Particle Swarm.IEEE congress on Evolutionary Computations.2006
[50]曾建湖,介婧,崔志华.微粒群算法.科学出版社.2004.8-10
[51]吴启迪,汪镭.智能微粒群算法研究及应用.江苏教育出版社.2005.7-8
[52]Daniel Bratton,James Kennedy.Defining a standard for Particle Swarm Optimization.IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium,2007
[53]Wolpert D.H,Macready W.G.No free lunch theorems for optimization.IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 1997,1,67
[54]兰成明,李惠.结构可靠度的粒子群优化算法.福州大学学报.2005.33
[55]王雅洁.粒子群算法在机床结构优化设计中的应用.机械工程与自动化.2007.4
[56]Masahiko Nakamura,Kazuhiro Izui,et al.A Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization incorporating design sensitivities.AIAA/ISSMO MAO Conference,2006.
[57]Gerhard Venter.Particle Swarm Optimization.AIAA Journal.2003.8
[58]G Venter,Sobieszczanski-Sobieski J.Multidisciplinary optimization of a transport aircraft wing using Particle Swarm Optimization.Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization,2004.
[59]K.E.Parsopoulos,M.N.Vrahatis.Particle Swarm Optimization method in multiobjective problems.SAC,2002.
[60]Eckart Zitzler,Lothar Thiele.Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms:A comparative case study and the strength pareto approach.IEEE Transactions On Evolutionary computation,1999,3.
[61]P C Fourie,A A Groenwold.The Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm in size and shape optimization.Struct Multidisc Optim,2002.
[62]Carlos A,Coello Coello.Handling multiple objectives with Particle Swarm Optimization.IEEE Transactions On Evolutionary Computation,Vol 8,2004.
[63]Jacobsmeyer H.A,Bailing R.J.When can multi-level optimization reduce computational effort.AIAA.1998
[64]熊为水.推土作业装置优化设计[硕士学位论文].2008.8
[65]李芳,凌道盛.工程结构优化设计发展综述.工程设计学报.2002.5