报废汽车零部件绿色回收与再制造关键技术研究
|
摘要
随着我国汽车工业的迅速发展,汽车广泛进入家庭是必然趋势,汽车保有量的增大,必然会带来回收方面的问题。作好报废汽车的回收、拆解和循环再利用工作,对保护环境、节约能源和经济的可持续发展具有重要的意义。本文研究了国内外报废汽车的拆解现状,对报废汽车的零件重用、材料回收、关键零部件的再制造等进行了价值分析。指出了当前报废汽车拆解工艺上的污染环境、拆解效率低下、回收手段原始等缺陷,提出了一套适合我国当前报废汽车拆解的拆解工艺,该工艺对环保、提高汽车零部件的回收率、拆解自动化等方面有着积极的意义。以某地区报废汽车拆解情况为事例,对其进行信息网络化设计,并对设计系统进行分析。最后本文以某公司所进行的发动机再制造业务为例,分析了再制造过程中的拆卸、清洗和修复的工艺,并在清洗试验的基础上,对清洗工艺提出了改进建议。
总之,汽车零部件的拆卸回收与再生是节约资源,降低成本,实现汽车绿色化设计的重要措施之一,它使汽车产品能够以材料能量或零部件的形式再生与重用,从而使汽车产品处于一个闭环的工业生态系统中,以实现资源的循环利用和环境保护,促使汽车工业可持续发展。
With the rapid development of China Automobile industry, it is a necessary developing trend that car into family. The increase of car in use must bring the problem of car recovery. It is very important of properly dealing with the End-of-Life Vehicles for protecting environment, saving resource and sustainable development of economy. Both the domestic and the foreign countries current status of handling the End-of-Life Vehicles have been studied in this paper, an economy model for analyzing vehicle components’reuse, recycling and remanufacturing was proposed. In addition, a set of new disassembling process plan was presented based on eliminating of domestic current disassembling process plan. The tenet and development of International Dismantling Information System coalition are introduced in this paper, and the functions and dismantling methods are also introduced detailed, the characteristics of International Dismantling Information System are analyzed and estimated. Finally, an example of engine remanufacturing Ltd power assembly is given. Tacking into account the example, the technical of discarding, cleanout, repair in process of remanufacturing is analyzed. Some improving suggestion is pointed out based on experiment of cleanout.
In conclusion, disassembly and recycling and regeneration of automobile part is one of effective means to saving resources, reducing costs and realizing the green design of automobile. It can regenerate and reuse automobile products as material, energy and parts which will make the products are circulating industrial environment. The technology not only realizes reuse and environmental protection but also can achieve the continued development of automobile industry.
总之,汽车零部件的拆卸回收与再生是节约资源,降低成本,实现汽车绿色化设计的重要措施之一,它使汽车产品能够以材料能量或零部件的形式再生与重用,从而使汽车产品处于一个闭环的工业生态系统中,以实现资源的循环利用和环境保护,促使汽车工业可持续发展。
With the rapid development of China Automobile industry, it is a necessary developing trend that car into family. The increase of car in use must bring the problem of car recovery. It is very important of properly dealing with the End-of-Life Vehicles for protecting environment, saving resource and sustainable development of economy. Both the domestic and the foreign countries current status of handling the End-of-Life Vehicles have been studied in this paper, an economy model for analyzing vehicle components’reuse, recycling and remanufacturing was proposed. In addition, a set of new disassembling process plan was presented based on eliminating of domestic current disassembling process plan. The tenet and development of International Dismantling Information System coalition are introduced in this paper, and the functions and dismantling methods are also introduced detailed, the characteristics of International Dismantling Information System are analyzed and estimated. Finally, an example of engine remanufacturing Ltd power assembly is given. Tacking into account the example, the technical of discarding, cleanout, repair in process of remanufacturing is analyzed. Some improving suggestion is pointed out based on experiment of cleanout.
In conclusion, disassembly and recycling and regeneration of automobile part is one of effective means to saving resources, reducing costs and realizing the green design of automobile. It can regenerate and reuse automobile products as material, energy and parts which will make the products are circulating industrial environment. The technology not only realizes reuse and environmental protection but also can achieve the continued development of automobile industry.
引文
[1]赵树恩.汽车零部件拆卸序列自动生成的理论研究及实现.2005.5.重庆大学硕士论文.
[2]李尹熙.浅谈汽车材料回收利用.汽车工艺与材料,2001,2:26-29.
[3]郭季,王晓梅.美国、德国、日本国外报废汽车回收各有所长.(http://www.qiche.com.cn)
[4] Feldman .K etal., Disassembly of electronic Products,IEEE International symposium on Electronics and the Environment,81-86.
[5] L. laperrieree etal.,Planning of Products Assembly and Disassembly,Annals of the CIRP Vol.41 (l) 1992:5-9.
[6] Joseph.F.Scheuring,Effects of Design for Disassembly on Integrated Disassembly and Assembly process. IEEE. 1994.6:53-59.
[7] Hong c.Zhang, Tsai C.Kuo,A Graph-Based Approach to Disassembly Model for End-of-Life Product Recycling,IEEE/CPMT Int’1 Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium,1996:247-254.
[8] Rajit Gadh,Hari Stinivasan etal.,Virtual Disassembly-A software Tool for Developing product Dismantling and Maintenance system, Proceeding Annual Reliability and Maintainability symposium,1998.
[9]杨春岭.报废汽车的拆解技术及网络化研究.2007.1.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.
[10] D Reasley, R R Martln. Disassembly Sequences for object. Built From Unit Cubes, Computer- Aided Design, VOL.25, NO 12(1993): 751-761.
[11]刘志峰,刘光复.产品的可拆卸性及其设计方法[J].机械设计与研究,1997(1):712-715.
[12]刘志峰,林巨广,刘光复等.废旧产品回收工艺流程评价决策支持系统研究开发[J].中国机械工程,2002,10(20):1773-1776.
[13]张华,刘飞,李友如.绿色工艺规划的决策模型及应用案例研究[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):979-982.
[14]蒋丹东,刘光复.可拆卸性设计的系统构成[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)1999,8(4):12-16.
[15]胡迪青,胡军军,胡于进等.支持面向装配和面向拆卸设计的CAD系统[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):1001-1006.
[16] A.J.D. Lambert. Optimum disassembly sequence with sequence-dependent disassembly costs [J]. Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Task Planning. 2003(7): 10-11.
[17]孟鹏,段广洪,汪劲松等.基于图论的产品拆卸回收建模与评估系统[J].机械工程学报,2002(12):85-89.
[18] Anu Meacham, Reha Uzsoy, Uday Venkatadri. Optimal disassembly configurations for single and multiple products [J]. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 1999(18) 5: 311-314.
[19]傅浩,蔡建国.面向拆卸与回收设计软件模块的开发[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):983-987.
[20]倪俊芳,杨晓东,蔡建国.面向经济回收的产品设计[J].机械科学与技术,1997,11(6):1009-1012.
[21]邹家祥主编.现代机械设计理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[22]汪波,杨尊淼,刘凌云.基于生命周期的绿色产品开发设计及绿色性评价.中国软科学,2000(10)101-104.
[23] Fernandez Roberto, Zerhouni Noureddine. Modeling and analysis of disassembly systems using continuous Petri nets [J]. Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Task Planning Soft Research Park, 2001,31(5): 232-237.
[24] Hsin-Hao Huang, Michael H. Wang, Michael R. Johnson. Disassembly Sequence Generation Using a Neural Network Approach [J]. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2000(19) 2: 73-82.
[25] C. Caccia, A. Pozzetti. A genetic algorithm for disassembly strategy definition. Proceedings of SPIE Conference on Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing, 2000 vol.4193, 68-77.
[26]谢立伟.再制造关键技术研究.2005.3.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.
[27]李爱平.基于知识面向环境的产品全生命周期模型[J].中国机械工程,2003,14(4):295-299.
[28]蒋洪伟,韩文秀.产品回收模型研究[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):1022-1023.
[29]薛善良,叶文化,王宁生.产品拆卸配置优化研究. [J].机械科学与技术,2002(3):400-402.
[30]陈璐,蒋丹东,蔡建国.可拆卸性设计中的面向对象建模技术研究[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):987-990.
[31] N. Shyamsundar, Rapt Gath. Geometric abstractions to support disassembly analysis [J]. IIE Transactions, ABI/INFORM Global 1999(31): 935-945.
[32]章翔峰.支持产品全生命周期的产品数据框架研究[J].中国机械工程,2004,15(9):803-805.
[33]储江伟,金晓红.报废汽车拆解信息系统软件设计分析[J].中国资源综合利用,2007,25(2):37-40.
[34] M.R. Johnson, M.H. Wang, Planning product disassembly for material recovery opportunities, Int. J. Prod. Res,1995,vol.33, No 11, 3119-3142.
[35]储江伟,金晓红.国际汽车拆解信息系统的特点和应用[J].信息,2007(2):43-45.
[36]张均,侯文永.产品拆卸建模与算法研究[J].机械制造与自动化,2002(6):70-72.
[37]裴恕,田秀敏.车辆回收与再制造研究分析[J].中国资源综合利用,2001(9):23-27.
[38]白木,周洁.废旧汽车回收利用的探讨[J].再生资源研究,2002(2):8-11.
[39] Michel Martinez,Viet-Hung Pham, Joel Favrel. Dynamic Generation of DisassemblySequences. IEEE Trans. Robotics Automation, 1995, Vol.7, No 2, pp. 228-240.
[40]谢家平,陈荣秋.绿色产品回收策略的优化模型及应用[J].系统工程理理论方法应用,2004,13(1):69-74.
[41]倪俊芳,王爱平.汽车回收产业化研究[J]能源研究与信息,2003.19(1):14-19.
[42]高建刚,段广洪,汪劲松.产品拆卸回收评估中的拆卸与或图建模方法[J].机械工程学报,2002,(12):26-31.
[43]刘学平,刘光复,段广洪等.拆卸路径决策时的装配体判别分析[J].中国机械工程,2003,14(6):505-507.
[44] Tiehua Cao, Member, IEEE, and Arthur C. Sanderson, Fellow, IEEE. Task Sequence Planning Using Fuzzy Petri Nets. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Vol. 25, No. 5, May 1995.
[45]潘晓勇,骆祥峰,刘光复等.基于层次概率模糊认知图的产品拆卸序列研究[J].机械工程学报,2003,14(4):7-9.
[46] K.E Pbioore; A.Gungor; S.M.Gupta. Disassembly process planning using Petri nets [J]. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium, 1998,28(5): 88-93.
[47]蔡雪原,胡于进,胡军均等.产品回收过程中最优路径的确定[J].华中理工大学学报,2000(3):27-29.
[48]高建刚,姚丽英,段广洪等.机电产品拆卸序列的生成与评价[J].机械科学与技术,2003(3):359-360.
[49]曹鹏彬、刘继红、管强.基于装配约束动态管理的虚拟拆卸[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(10):988-992.
[50] Zussman E,ZHOU M.A Methodology for Modeling and Adaptive Planning of disassembly Processes. IEEE Trans. Robotics Automat, 1999, 15(1): 190-194.
[51] Jovane F, A lting L, A rmillotta A etal. A Key Issue in Product Life Cycle: Disassembly. Annals of the CIRP, 1993, 42(2): 651-658.
[52]高建刚,段广洪,汪劲松.面向回收设计中拆卸与或图方法的研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2002(7):575-579.
[53]陈迅,简怡,王臻等.再制造及对我国汽车再制造的思考[J].工业工程与管理,2004(2).59-61.
[54]乐清,胡于进,徐小明等.产品生命周期维修费用估算方法研究[J].华中科技大学学报,2001(2)81-83.
[55]徐小明,李成刚,胡于进等.生命周期评价工具软件系统的关键技术研究[J].制造技术与机床,2002(4):13-16.
[56]徐滨士.绿色再制造工程———21世纪的重要产业[J ] .航空制造技术, 2002 , (6) .
[57]高玉民.汽车环保呼唤发动机再制造业[J ] .世界汽车, 2002 ,(10) .
[58]陈思.报废汽车回收拆解再利用[J].汽车工艺与材料,2007(7)6-9.
[59] Gao Mei-mei, Zhou Meng-chu. Fuzzy reasoning Petri nets. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., 2003,33(3): 314–323.
[60]李德才,曲洪亮,江振伟.汽车零部件再制造工艺研究.森林工程. 2007: 23(5): 29-32
[61]黄天泽.世界汽车工业发展动向.湖南大学学报,1997,10(5):43-49.
[2]李尹熙.浅谈汽车材料回收利用.汽车工艺与材料,2001,2:26-29.
[3]郭季,王晓梅.美国、德国、日本国外报废汽车回收各有所长.(http://www.qiche.com.cn)
[4] Feldman .K etal., Disassembly of electronic Products,IEEE International symposium on Electronics and the Environment,81-86.
[5] L. laperrieree etal.,Planning of Products Assembly and Disassembly,Annals of the CIRP Vol.41 (l) 1992:5-9.
[6] Joseph.F.Scheuring,Effects of Design for Disassembly on Integrated Disassembly and Assembly process. IEEE. 1994.6:53-59.
[7] Hong c.Zhang, Tsai C.Kuo,A Graph-Based Approach to Disassembly Model for End-of-Life Product Recycling,IEEE/CPMT Int’1 Electronics Manufacturing Technology Symposium,1996:247-254.
[8] Rajit Gadh,Hari Stinivasan etal.,Virtual Disassembly-A software Tool for Developing product Dismantling and Maintenance system, Proceeding Annual Reliability and Maintainability symposium,1998.
[9]杨春岭.报废汽车的拆解技术及网络化研究.2007.1.南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文.
[10] D Reasley, R R Martln. Disassembly Sequences for object. Built From Unit Cubes, Computer- Aided Design, VOL.25, NO 12(1993): 751-761.
[11]刘志峰,刘光复.产品的可拆卸性及其设计方法[J].机械设计与研究,1997(1):712-715.
[12]刘志峰,林巨广,刘光复等.废旧产品回收工艺流程评价决策支持系统研究开发[J].中国机械工程,2002,10(20):1773-1776.
[13]张华,刘飞,李友如.绿色工艺规划的决策模型及应用案例研究[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):979-982.
[14]蒋丹东,刘光复.可拆卸性设计的系统构成[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)1999,8(4):12-16.
[15]胡迪青,胡军军,胡于进等.支持面向装配和面向拆卸设计的CAD系统[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):1001-1006.
[16] A.J.D. Lambert. Optimum disassembly sequence with sequence-dependent disassembly costs [J]. Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Task Planning. 2003(7): 10-11.
[17]孟鹏,段广洪,汪劲松等.基于图论的产品拆卸回收建模与评估系统[J].机械工程学报,2002(12):85-89.
[18] Anu Meacham, Reha Uzsoy, Uday Venkatadri. Optimal disassembly configurations for single and multiple products [J]. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 1999(18) 5: 311-314.
[19]傅浩,蔡建国.面向拆卸与回收设计软件模块的开发[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):983-987.
[20]倪俊芳,杨晓东,蔡建国.面向经济回收的产品设计[J].机械科学与技术,1997,11(6):1009-1012.
[21]邹家祥主编.现代机械设计理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[22]汪波,杨尊淼,刘凌云.基于生命周期的绿色产品开发设计及绿色性评价.中国软科学,2000(10)101-104.
[23] Fernandez Roberto, Zerhouni Noureddine. Modeling and analysis of disassembly systems using continuous Petri nets [J]. Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Task Planning Soft Research Park, 2001,31(5): 232-237.
[24] Hsin-Hao Huang, Michael H. Wang, Michael R. Johnson. Disassembly Sequence Generation Using a Neural Network Approach [J]. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2000(19) 2: 73-82.
[25] C. Caccia, A. Pozzetti. A genetic algorithm for disassembly strategy definition. Proceedings of SPIE Conference on Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing, 2000 vol.4193, 68-77.
[26]谢立伟.再制造关键技术研究.2005.3.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.
[27]李爱平.基于知识面向环境的产品全生命周期模型[J].中国机械工程,2003,14(4):295-299.
[28]蒋洪伟,韩文秀.产品回收模型研究[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):1022-1023.
[29]薛善良,叶文化,王宁生.产品拆卸配置优化研究. [J].机械科学与技术,2002(3):400-402.
[30]陈璐,蒋丹东,蔡建国.可拆卸性设计中的面向对象建模技术研究[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):987-990.
[31] N. Shyamsundar, Rapt Gath. Geometric abstractions to support disassembly analysis [J]. IIE Transactions, ABI/INFORM Global 1999(31): 935-945.
[32]章翔峰.支持产品全生命周期的产品数据框架研究[J].中国机械工程,2004,15(9):803-805.
[33]储江伟,金晓红.报废汽车拆解信息系统软件设计分析[J].中国资源综合利用,2007,25(2):37-40.
[34] M.R. Johnson, M.H. Wang, Planning product disassembly for material recovery opportunities, Int. J. Prod. Res,1995,vol.33, No 11, 3119-3142.
[35]储江伟,金晓红.国际汽车拆解信息系统的特点和应用[J].信息,2007(2):43-45.
[36]张均,侯文永.产品拆卸建模与算法研究[J].机械制造与自动化,2002(6):70-72.
[37]裴恕,田秀敏.车辆回收与再制造研究分析[J].中国资源综合利用,2001(9):23-27.
[38]白木,周洁.废旧汽车回收利用的探讨[J].再生资源研究,2002(2):8-11.
[39] Michel Martinez,Viet-Hung Pham, Joel Favrel. Dynamic Generation of DisassemblySequences. IEEE Trans. Robotics Automation, 1995, Vol.7, No 2, pp. 228-240.
[40]谢家平,陈荣秋.绿色产品回收策略的优化模型及应用[J].系统工程理理论方法应用,2004,13(1):69-74.
[41]倪俊芳,王爱平.汽车回收产业化研究[J]能源研究与信息,2003.19(1):14-19.
[42]高建刚,段广洪,汪劲松.产品拆卸回收评估中的拆卸与或图建模方法[J].机械工程学报,2002,(12):26-31.
[43]刘学平,刘光复,段广洪等.拆卸路径决策时的装配体判别分析[J].中国机械工程,2003,14(6):505-507.
[44] Tiehua Cao, Member, IEEE, and Arthur C. Sanderson, Fellow, IEEE. Task Sequence Planning Using Fuzzy Petri Nets. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Vol. 25, No. 5, May 1995.
[45]潘晓勇,骆祥峰,刘光复等.基于层次概率模糊认知图的产品拆卸序列研究[J].机械工程学报,2003,14(4):7-9.
[46] K.E Pbioore; A.Gungor; S.M.Gupta. Disassembly process planning using Petri nets [J]. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium, 1998,28(5): 88-93.
[47]蔡雪原,胡于进,胡军均等.产品回收过程中最优路径的确定[J].华中理工大学学报,2000(3):27-29.
[48]高建刚,姚丽英,段广洪等.机电产品拆卸序列的生成与评价[J].机械科学与技术,2003(3):359-360.
[49]曹鹏彬、刘继红、管强.基于装配约束动态管理的虚拟拆卸[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(10):988-992.
[50] Zussman E,ZHOU M.A Methodology for Modeling and Adaptive Planning of disassembly Processes. IEEE Trans. Robotics Automat, 1999, 15(1): 190-194.
[51] Jovane F, A lting L, A rmillotta A etal. A Key Issue in Product Life Cycle: Disassembly. Annals of the CIRP, 1993, 42(2): 651-658.
[52]高建刚,段广洪,汪劲松.面向回收设计中拆卸与或图方法的研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2002(7):575-579.
[53]陈迅,简怡,王臻等.再制造及对我国汽车再制造的思考[J].工业工程与管理,2004(2).59-61.
[54]乐清,胡于进,徐小明等.产品生命周期维修费用估算方法研究[J].华中科技大学学报,2001(2)81-83.
[55]徐小明,李成刚,胡于进等.生命周期评价工具软件系统的关键技术研究[J].制造技术与机床,2002(4):13-16.
[56]徐滨士.绿色再制造工程———21世纪的重要产业[J ] .航空制造技术, 2002 , (6) .
[57]高玉民.汽车环保呼唤发动机再制造业[J ] .世界汽车, 2002 ,(10) .
[58]陈思.报废汽车回收拆解再利用[J].汽车工艺与材料,2007(7)6-9.
[59] Gao Mei-mei, Zhou Meng-chu. Fuzzy reasoning Petri nets. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., 2003,33(3): 314–323.
[60]李德才,曲洪亮,江振伟.汽车零部件再制造工艺研究.森林工程. 2007: 23(5): 29-32
[61]黄天泽.世界汽车工业发展动向.湖南大学学报,1997,10(5):43-49.