紫外—真空紫外探测器定标技术研究
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摘要
近年来,人们对紫外—真空紫外波段光谱范围的价值有了重新认识,在这一领域中的应用研究陆续展开。空间紫外遥感更是成为人类了解自然界的一条重要途径。许多现象都可以在紫外波段观测到,如多数恒星所辐射的光谱峰值都在紫外一真空紫外谱段,通过研究辐射光谱可以知道恒星的组成和发生着的物理、化学变化；通过对大气散射光、辉光和极光的探测,可以了解太阳和地球大气相互作用的机理,反演出大气中各种微量气体和气溶胶的含量,实现大气环境的实时监测。
随着定量化遥感的不断深入,对紫外-真空紫外波段的光谱辐射测量的精度不断提高,需要有高精度的光谱辐射标准来标定各类传感器、评估其测量精度及长期稳定性。从理论上讲,实现绝对光谱辐射定标的途径有两个：一是基于辐射光源的标准光源定标法,二是基于辐射探测器的标准探测器定标法。
长春光机所作为紫外-真空紫外遥感研究的主要单位,引进了标准探测器、标准光源、标准漫反板、紫外积分球等辐射定标装置。长期以来利用标准光源开展了空间遥感仪器辐照度响应度及辐亮度响应度定标,以及标准光源定标积分球辐亮度等工作。标准光源定标方法简单,易于实现全波段连续的标准传递,但在定标过程中也存在一些不确定因素(光源稳定性、光学元件传输特性、光源尺寸修正因子等)。标准探测器定标方法环节相对较少,引入定标不确定度也相对较少,有利于提高定标精度,但由于可选择的定标通道有限,无法覆盖所要定标的整个波段。
为进一步验证以往采用的标准光源定标方法定标结果的准确性,本文开展了标准探测器定标深入研究及两种方法比对工作。在完成定标方法及定标原理研究的基础上,构建紫外探测器光谱响应度定标装置及真空紫外探测器量子效率测量装置。两套装置的定标不确定度分别为1.7%及2.3%。并以NIST(美国国家标准技术研究院)紫外标准探测器为核心元件,构建了一套高精度紫外辐射计。该辐射计结构紧凑、性能稳定,并利用NIST标准探测器的响应度标准推导出了高精度紫外辐射计自身的响应度标准,自身不确定度仅为1.3%。利用高精度辐射计分别对待测光源辐照度、积分球开口处辐亮度、空间遥感仪器的辐照度及辐亮度响应度进行定标,并通过所实现的四个光谱通道将标准探测器定标方法与标准光源定标方法进行比对,及不确定度分析,表明两种定标方法结果在误差范围内一致,互相验证了两种高精度定标方法的正确性。
Recently, people have realized the value of UV-VUV wavelength, the application researching in this field has developed. Space UV remote sensing has been an important way of understanding the nature. A lot of phenomenon can be observed at UV wavelength, for example, the spectrum peak value of radiation by lots of star is in the UV-VUV wavelength, the constitution of the star and the physical, chemical changing on it can be known though the researching on the radiation spectrum. By detecting the atmosphere scattered light, glow and polar light, the interacting mechanics of the solar and the earth can be known, and the real-time monitoring to the air environment can be realized by conversing the content of all kinds of microcontent air and gasoloid
With the continuous developing of the quantitative remote sensing researching and the accuracy of radiation intensity and spectral resolution testing, it requires a high accuracy spectral responsivity standard to calibrate all kinds of sensor, and evaluate their testing accuracy,long-term stability and date comparative. Basing on the theory, there are two way to realize the absolute spectral radiation testing:the fist way basing on the radiation light source, the second way basing on the radiation detector.
Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences is an important radiation calibration department. The standard detector, standard light, standard diffuser and the integrating sphere have been introduced.The standard light had been used to calibrate the irradiance and radiance responsivity of the space remote sensing instrument and the radiance of the integrating sphere and so on. The calibration method of standard light is so simple, and easy to realize the continuous standard transmission at the whole wavelength. But some uncertain factor also have been leading-in(the stability of the light, the characteristic of the optics element transmission, the modified factor of the light size). The segment of the calibration method of standard detector is less than the standard light method, and the uncertain factor is also fewer, it has advantage in improving the calibration precision. But the calibration channel of method is so finite, so it can not cover the whole wavelength which needs to be calibrating.
For proving the accuracy of the date of the standard light calibration method, this paper makes deep researching on the standard detector calibration and the working of the two method comparing. On the basic of finishing the studying of the calibration method and principle, the device of UV detector spectrum responsivity calibration and VUV detector quantum efficiency testing had been established. The uncertainty of the two devices is 1.7% and 2.3%. The High Accuracy UV Radiometer(HAUR) whose core element using NIST standard detector has been established. It has stable performance, compact construction. And the responsivity standard had been deduced by using the standard of he NIST standard detector. The uncertainty of the HAUR is 1.3%.The HAUR had been used to calibrate the he irradiance of the unknown light, the radiance of the integrating sphere and the irradiance and radiance responsivity of space remote sensing instrument, the calibration date and uncertainty analyzing of the standard light method and the standard detector method had been compared at the four spectrum channel. The comparison shows that the calibration date of the two methods is uniformity in the range of the uncertainty. So the accurate of two methods had been proved.
随着定量化遥感的不断深入,对紫外-真空紫外波段的光谱辐射测量的精度不断提高,需要有高精度的光谱辐射标准来标定各类传感器、评估其测量精度及长期稳定性。从理论上讲,实现绝对光谱辐射定标的途径有两个：一是基于辐射光源的标准光源定标法,二是基于辐射探测器的标准探测器定标法。
长春光机所作为紫外-真空紫外遥感研究的主要单位,引进了标准探测器、标准光源、标准漫反板、紫外积分球等辐射定标装置。长期以来利用标准光源开展了空间遥感仪器辐照度响应度及辐亮度响应度定标,以及标准光源定标积分球辐亮度等工作。标准光源定标方法简单,易于实现全波段连续的标准传递,但在定标过程中也存在一些不确定因素(光源稳定性、光学元件传输特性、光源尺寸修正因子等)。标准探测器定标方法环节相对较少,引入定标不确定度也相对较少,有利于提高定标精度,但由于可选择的定标通道有限,无法覆盖所要定标的整个波段。
为进一步验证以往采用的标准光源定标方法定标结果的准确性,本文开展了标准探测器定标深入研究及两种方法比对工作。在完成定标方法及定标原理研究的基础上,构建紫外探测器光谱响应度定标装置及真空紫外探测器量子效率测量装置。两套装置的定标不确定度分别为1.7%及2.3%。并以NIST(美国国家标准技术研究院)紫外标准探测器为核心元件,构建了一套高精度紫外辐射计。该辐射计结构紧凑、性能稳定,并利用NIST标准探测器的响应度标准推导出了高精度紫外辐射计自身的响应度标准,自身不确定度仅为1.3%。利用高精度辐射计分别对待测光源辐照度、积分球开口处辐亮度、空间遥感仪器的辐照度及辐亮度响应度进行定标,并通过所实现的四个光谱通道将标准探测器定标方法与标准光源定标方法进行比对,及不确定度分析,表明两种定标方法结果在误差范围内一致,互相验证了两种高精度定标方法的正确性。
Recently, people have realized the value of UV-VUV wavelength, the application researching in this field has developed. Space UV remote sensing has been an important way of understanding the nature. A lot of phenomenon can be observed at UV wavelength, for example, the spectrum peak value of radiation by lots of star is in the UV-VUV wavelength, the constitution of the star and the physical, chemical changing on it can be known though the researching on the radiation spectrum. By detecting the atmosphere scattered light, glow and polar light, the interacting mechanics of the solar and the earth can be known, and the real-time monitoring to the air environment can be realized by conversing the content of all kinds of microcontent air and gasoloid
With the continuous developing of the quantitative remote sensing researching and the accuracy of radiation intensity and spectral resolution testing, it requires a high accuracy spectral responsivity standard to calibrate all kinds of sensor, and evaluate their testing accuracy,long-term stability and date comparative. Basing on the theory, there are two way to realize the absolute spectral radiation testing:the fist way basing on the radiation light source, the second way basing on the radiation detector.
Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences is an important radiation calibration department. The standard detector, standard light, standard diffuser and the integrating sphere have been introduced.The standard light had been used to calibrate the irradiance and radiance responsivity of the space remote sensing instrument and the radiance of the integrating sphere and so on. The calibration method of standard light is so simple, and easy to realize the continuous standard transmission at the whole wavelength. But some uncertain factor also have been leading-in(the stability of the light, the characteristic of the optics element transmission, the modified factor of the light size). The segment of the calibration method of standard detector is less than the standard light method, and the uncertain factor is also fewer, it has advantage in improving the calibration precision. But the calibration channel of method is so finite, so it can not cover the whole wavelength which needs to be calibrating.
For proving the accuracy of the date of the standard light calibration method, this paper makes deep researching on the standard detector calibration and the working of the two method comparing. On the basic of finishing the studying of the calibration method and principle, the device of UV detector spectrum responsivity calibration and VUV detector quantum efficiency testing had been established. The uncertainty of the two devices is 1.7% and 2.3%. The High Accuracy UV Radiometer(HAUR) whose core element using NIST standard detector has been established. It has stable performance, compact construction. And the responsivity standard had been deduced by using the standard of he NIST standard detector. The uncertainty of the HAUR is 1.3%.The HAUR had been used to calibrate the he irradiance of the unknown light, the radiance of the integrating sphere and the irradiance and radiance responsivity of space remote sensing instrument, the calibration date and uncertainty analyzing of the standard light method and the standard detector method had been compared at the four spectrum channel. The comparison shows that the calibration date of the two methods is uniformity in the range of the uncertainty. So the accurate of two methods had been proved.
引文
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[3]T.R.Gentile, J.M.Houston, J.E.Hardis, C.L.Cromer, A.C.Parr. National Institute of Standards and Technology high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer [J]. Appl.Opt,1996,35(7):1056-1068.
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