近岸海洋动力要素相互作用的数值模拟及其对物质输运影响的研究
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摘要
浅海波浪、潮汐风暴潮相互作用的研究是当今国际热点研究方向之一。本项研究针对典型浅海海域渤海，研究了在这个海域的波浪、潮汐风暴潮的相互作用以及物质输运规律。建立了一个渤海波浪和潮汐风暴潮运动相互作用的数值模式。模式主要由两部分组成：一个物理上先进的第三代浅海波浪数值模式和一个二维潮汐风暴潮数值模式，实现了两个模式耦合。运用这个模式，重点研究了波浪对表面拖曳系数的影响；波浪对底摩擦应力的作用；辐射应力对潮汐风暴潮水位的影响以及潮汐风暴潮对波浪的作用。在这个基础上，对物质输运规律进行了研究。主要成果如下：
1、波浪对表面拖曳系数的影响是明显的，特别是在浪大的时候，拖曳系数可以增大到原来的1.5倍；拖曳系数的改变也改变了水位场，在A点引起的增水量级值得人们注意。
2、在近岸浅水地区，考虑波浪作用后的底摩擦应力明显增加，引起流速的减少及水位的减小。
3、辐射应力对水位的影响不容忽视，在数值模拟中必须考虑辐射应力的存在。
4、潮汐、风暴潮对波浪的作用是通过其产生的不定常水深与流场实现的；水深与流速对波向的影响很小。
5、考虑波浪、潮汐风暴潮相互作用的数值模式从物理机制上讲更加合理，从数值模拟结果看，与实测值更加接近。
6、浪、潮汐风暴潮作用下的物质输运规律明显不同于单纯潮流作用下的物质输运规律；在考虑物质输运的时候，必须重视波浪的影响。
Study on the wave-tide-surge interaction in shallow sea is one of the up-to-date active research areas around the world. This research has studied the Bohai sea wave-tide-surge interactions and the laws of substance transport. The combined wave-tide-surge numerical model which is composed of two components:a third generation shallow water wave model and a two-dimensional tide-surge model. By adoption this numerical model,the study has emphases on the effect of wave on the wind stress,wave on the bottom stress and radiation stress on the sea level. The study also has researched the effect of tide-surge to wave. On the basis of the simulated current filed by used the numerical model we studied the laws of substance transport. The main results are as follows:
1) It is a obvious effect of wave on the wind drag coefficient. The wind drag coefficient can be add up to 1.5 times of origin value when we consider the wave effect on the drag coefficient. It also has changed the sea level. The magnitude of set-up is a noticed number.
2) The wave has improved the magnitude of bottom stress in the shallow water,and decreased the current velocity.
3) The radiation stress has a strong effect on the sea level. It also make the set-up occurs.
4) The sea level and current velocity have an effect on wave height,and the wave direction modulation is small.
5) It is more reasonable when the numerical model including the wave-tide-surge interactions,and the numerical results are close to the measured data.
6) Tha laws of substance transport under the tide are different from that of the wave-tide-surge.
1、波浪对表面拖曳系数的影响是明显的，特别是在浪大的时候，拖曳系数可以增大到原来的1.5倍；拖曳系数的改变也改变了水位场，在A点引起的增水量级值得人们注意。
2、在近岸浅水地区，考虑波浪作用后的底摩擦应力明显增加，引起流速的减少及水位的减小。
3、辐射应力对水位的影响不容忽视，在数值模拟中必须考虑辐射应力的存在。
4、潮汐、风暴潮对波浪的作用是通过其产生的不定常水深与流场实现的；水深与流速对波向的影响很小。
5、考虑波浪、潮汐风暴潮相互作用的数值模式从物理机制上讲更加合理，从数值模拟结果看，与实测值更加接近。
6、浪、潮汐风暴潮作用下的物质输运规律明显不同于单纯潮流作用下的物质输运规律；在考虑物质输运的时候，必须重视波浪的影响。
Study on the wave-tide-surge interaction in shallow sea is one of the up-to-date active research areas around the world. This research has studied the Bohai sea wave-tide-surge interactions and the laws of substance transport. The combined wave-tide-surge numerical model which is composed of two components:a third generation shallow water wave model and a two-dimensional tide-surge model. By adoption this numerical model,the study has emphases on the effect of wave on the wind stress,wave on the bottom stress and radiation stress on the sea level. The study also has researched the effect of tide-surge to wave. On the basis of the simulated current filed by used the numerical model we studied the laws of substance transport. The main results are as follows:
1) It is a obvious effect of wave on the wind drag coefficient. The wind drag coefficient can be add up to 1.5 times of origin value when we consider the wave effect on the drag coefficient. It also has changed the sea level. The magnitude of set-up is a noticed number.
2) The wave has improved the magnitude of bottom stress in the shallow water,and decreased the current velocity.
3) The radiation stress has a strong effect on the sea level. It also make the set-up occurs.
4) The sea level and current velocity have an effect on wave height,and the wave direction modulation is small.
5) It is more reasonable when the numerical model including the wave-tide-surge interactions,and the numerical results are close to the measured data.
6) Tha laws of substance transport under the tide are different from that of the wave-tide-surge.
引文
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