墙体型太阳能集散热辐射板的研究
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摘要
随着建筑能耗在社会总能耗中的比重越来越大,将太阳能等可再生能源与建筑物相结合,对于缓解常规能源短缺,改善建筑环境具有重要意义。本文旨在综合利用太阳能源、空气源和太空低温冷源,结合太阳能热水集热技术和低温太空辐射制冷技术,研发一种新型墙体一体化太阳能集散热辐射板。太阳能集散热辐射板可以作为建筑立面或屋顶或者建筑构件使用,实现太阳能利用技术装置与建筑外围护结构的完美结合。
建立了太阳能集散热辐射板性能测试实验平台,测定了太阳能集散热辐射板的时间常数,为以后对实验数据拆分重组和系统性能进行分析奠定了基础。实验测定了具有通风流道和没有通风流道的太阳能集散热辐射板系统的集热和制冷性能,结果表明没有通风流道的太阳能集散热辐射板系统具有较好的集热性能,而具有通风流道的太阳能集散热辐射板系统则具有较好的制冷性能;实验测定了辐射板外表面涂层对系统性能的影响,在涂料发射率基本相同的条件下,吸收率高而反射率低的涂料有较好的集热性能;实验系统测试了典型晴天和多云天气条件下太阳能集散热辐射板系统的性能。
建立了带通风流道的太阳能集散热辐射板的二维非稳态数学模型,主要包括太阳能集散热辐射板的二维非稳态数学模型和集散热管内流体的一维非稳态数学模型。模型可以详细分析太阳能集散热辐射板传热过程中的能量传递过程,得到太阳能集散热辐射板的板面温度和流体出口温度,进而得到太阳能集散热辐射板系统的集热和制冷性能。利用数学模型对太阳能集散热辐射板的热结构和光学结构进行了设计优化,并且对太阳能集散热辐射板的流体流量以及安装的朝向和倾斜角度对其性能的影响进行了模拟计算,得到不同形式的太阳能集散热辐射板系统在不同应用场合中的最优结构。
With the high proportion of building energy consumption in the total energy consumption, it is of great importance to relieve the shortage of the conventional energy resource and improve the building environment by incorporating the renewable energy such as solar energy into buildings. This paper aims at utilizing solar energy, natural energy and nocturnal radiation in a combination way. The solar water heating technology and radiative cooling technology are combined to develop a wall-typed solar heating and cooling panel-SHCP which can be perfectly integrated with building envelopes. These panels can be used as building roofs and fa?ades or components of roofs and fa?ades.
The solar heating and radiative cooling system experimental setup was established. The time constant of the solar heating and cooling panel was measured to provide the theoretical foundation to separate and recombine the time-dependent experimental data and analyze the transient performances of the system. The heating and cooling performances of the solar heating and radiative cooling system with and without air gap were measured, and the system without an air gap has the better heating performance, while the air-gapped one has the better cooling performance. The performances of the solar heating and radiative cooling system with different coating materials were measured, and the coating material with higher absorptivity and lower emissivity is in favor of heating performance of the solar heating and radiative cooling system. The performances of the solar heating and radiative cooling system were measured under typical sunny day and cloudy day.
The transient two-dimensional mathematical model of the solar heating and radiative cooling system was established, which mainly includes the transient two-dimensional model of the solar panel and one-dimensional model for depicting water flow in the collector tubes. The mathematical model can analyze in detail the energy transfer process of the solar heating and cooling panel, and the temperature distribution of the solar heating and cooling panel and the water outlet temperature can be obtained, and then the heating and cooling performances of the solar heating and radiative cooling system are achieved. The thermal construction and optical properties of the solar heating and cooling panel are designed and optimized by terms of the mathematical model. And then the influences of the mass flow rate, installation orientations and inclination angles of the solar heating and cooling panel to the performances are simulated. The optimal structure of the solar heating and cooling panel are achieved under different application conditions.
建立了太阳能集散热辐射板性能测试实验平台,测定了太阳能集散热辐射板的时间常数,为以后对实验数据拆分重组和系统性能进行分析奠定了基础。实验测定了具有通风流道和没有通风流道的太阳能集散热辐射板系统的集热和制冷性能,结果表明没有通风流道的太阳能集散热辐射板系统具有较好的集热性能,而具有通风流道的太阳能集散热辐射板系统则具有较好的制冷性能;实验测定了辐射板外表面涂层对系统性能的影响,在涂料发射率基本相同的条件下,吸收率高而反射率低的涂料有较好的集热性能;实验系统测试了典型晴天和多云天气条件下太阳能集散热辐射板系统的性能。
建立了带通风流道的太阳能集散热辐射板的二维非稳态数学模型,主要包括太阳能集散热辐射板的二维非稳态数学模型和集散热管内流体的一维非稳态数学模型。模型可以详细分析太阳能集散热辐射板传热过程中的能量传递过程,得到太阳能集散热辐射板的板面温度和流体出口温度,进而得到太阳能集散热辐射板系统的集热和制冷性能。利用数学模型对太阳能集散热辐射板的热结构和光学结构进行了设计优化,并且对太阳能集散热辐射板的流体流量以及安装的朝向和倾斜角度对其性能的影响进行了模拟计算,得到不同形式的太阳能集散热辐射板系统在不同应用场合中的最优结构。
With the high proportion of building energy consumption in the total energy consumption, it is of great importance to relieve the shortage of the conventional energy resource and improve the building environment by incorporating the renewable energy such as solar energy into buildings. This paper aims at utilizing solar energy, natural energy and nocturnal radiation in a combination way. The solar water heating technology and radiative cooling technology are combined to develop a wall-typed solar heating and cooling panel-SHCP which can be perfectly integrated with building envelopes. These panels can be used as building roofs and fa?ades or components of roofs and fa?ades.
The solar heating and radiative cooling system experimental setup was established. The time constant of the solar heating and cooling panel was measured to provide the theoretical foundation to separate and recombine the time-dependent experimental data and analyze the transient performances of the system. The heating and cooling performances of the solar heating and radiative cooling system with and without air gap were measured, and the system without an air gap has the better heating performance, while the air-gapped one has the better cooling performance. The performances of the solar heating and radiative cooling system with different coating materials were measured, and the coating material with higher absorptivity and lower emissivity is in favor of heating performance of the solar heating and radiative cooling system. The performances of the solar heating and radiative cooling system were measured under typical sunny day and cloudy day.
The transient two-dimensional mathematical model of the solar heating and radiative cooling system was established, which mainly includes the transient two-dimensional model of the solar panel and one-dimensional model for depicting water flow in the collector tubes. The mathematical model can analyze in detail the energy transfer process of the solar heating and cooling panel, and the temperature distribution of the solar heating and cooling panel and the water outlet temperature can be obtained, and then the heating and cooling performances of the solar heating and radiative cooling system are achieved. The thermal construction and optical properties of the solar heating and cooling panel are designed and optimized by terms of the mathematical model. And then the influences of the mass flow rate, installation orientations and inclination angles of the solar heating and cooling panel to the performances are simulated. The optimal structure of the solar heating and cooling panel are achieved under different application conditions.
引文
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