基于低压电力线载波技术的输液远程监测系统
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摘要
输液是医院常用的医疗手段，它不仅是一种重要的给药途径，而且还是给患者补充体液、营养的重要方法。在输液过程中，输液速度是一个很重要的参数，一般要根据患者年龄、病情和药物种类等因素来分别确定。目前我国的绝大部分医疗机构在进行输液治疗时，都是由护士通过转动输液器上的手动滑轮来控制液体流速的，人工调整滴流速度不够准确和方便，这样不仅会影响预期治疗效果，而且输液异常、输液结束也不易被及时发现。这些因素既是病人生命安全的隐患，也是造成医务人员工作量大、压力重的重要来源。
本文讨论了低压电力线载波通信的优、缺点及现状，归纳、整理和比较了目前国内外低压电力载波通信的主流调制解调技术，在阐述了扩频调制技术基本原理的基础上，详细地介绍了开发低压电力载波输液监测系统的实现方法，包括硬件电路和系统软件。硬件部分主要是以IT800D芯片为核心的静脉输液监测控制中心和采集器实现电路。软件部分由静脉输液监测控制中心和采集器两大部分组成。
通过对本课题的实验与研究，达到了应用IT800D芯片建立低压电力载波通信网络，实现输液液位监测功能的课题研究目的。得出了在现有实验条件下，应用扩频调制技术具有更好适应性和先进性的结论，并进一步认为低压电力载波通信具有较好的发展前景。
Infusion is a usual medical treatment in hospital, it is an important way to let the patient take medicine and supplement body fluid and nutrition. Infusion speed is an important parameter in the infusion process. Usually we setup the infusion speed based on the age of the patient, the state of the illness, the sort of the medicine, and so on. Today the infusion speed is controlled by the nurses through modulate the pulley in the infusion equipment in almost all kinds of hospitals in our country, but the infusion speed controlled manually is not accurate and convenient, this should reduce the anticipative result of the treatment. It is also difficult to find out the infusion abnormity and medicine out in time. Those factors are hidden troubles to the Patient's life and Property, and they are also the important source to enhance the medical workers' workload and stress.
This article discusses the merits, demerits, and actuality of low-voltage power line carrier communication, and compares all kinds of modulating techniques of low-voltage power line carrier communication mainly being used at present. After expounding the fundamental of spread spectrum modulation, a long-distance supervising system of transfusion is used as an example to present the method of developing the digital communication system based on low-voltage power line carrier in details, including hardware circuits and system software. The hardware part is composed of control center using IT800D as the core and realizing circuits of the sampler. The software part has the control center and the sampler.
Through the experiments and research that have been done in this program, the IT800D chip is applied to build a communication network based on low-voltage power line carrier, and supervising the water level of transfusion in long-distance is achieved. It is concluded that the spread spectrum modulation has better adaptation and is more advanced under the condition in existence. And the low-voltage power line carrier communication has a bright future.
本文讨论了低压电力线载波通信的优、缺点及现状，归纳、整理和比较了目前国内外低压电力载波通信的主流调制解调技术，在阐述了扩频调制技术基本原理的基础上，详细地介绍了开发低压电力载波输液监测系统的实现方法，包括硬件电路和系统软件。硬件部分主要是以IT800D芯片为核心的静脉输液监测控制中心和采集器实现电路。软件部分由静脉输液监测控制中心和采集器两大部分组成。
通过对本课题的实验与研究，达到了应用IT800D芯片建立低压电力载波通信网络，实现输液液位监测功能的课题研究目的。得出了在现有实验条件下，应用扩频调制技术具有更好适应性和先进性的结论，并进一步认为低压电力载波通信具有较好的发展前景。
Infusion is a usual medical treatment in hospital, it is an important way to let the patient take medicine and supplement body fluid and nutrition. Infusion speed is an important parameter in the infusion process. Usually we setup the infusion speed based on the age of the patient, the state of the illness, the sort of the medicine, and so on. Today the infusion speed is controlled by the nurses through modulate the pulley in the infusion equipment in almost all kinds of hospitals in our country, but the infusion speed controlled manually is not accurate and convenient, this should reduce the anticipative result of the treatment. It is also difficult to find out the infusion abnormity and medicine out in time. Those factors are hidden troubles to the Patient's life and Property, and they are also the important source to enhance the medical workers' workload and stress.
This article discusses the merits, demerits, and actuality of low-voltage power line carrier communication, and compares all kinds of modulating techniques of low-voltage power line carrier communication mainly being used at present. After expounding the fundamental of spread spectrum modulation, a long-distance supervising system of transfusion is used as an example to present the method of developing the digital communication system based on low-voltage power line carrier in details, including hardware circuits and system software. The hardware part is composed of control center using IT800D as the core and realizing circuits of the sampler. The software part has the control center and the sampler.
Through the experiments and research that have been done in this program, the IT800D chip is applied to build a communication network based on low-voltage power line carrier, and supervising the water level of transfusion in long-distance is achieved. It is concluded that the spread spectrum modulation has better adaptation and is more advanced under the condition in existence. And the low-voltage power line carrier communication has a bright future.
引文
[1] 陈静，张建平，刘玉梅．自动输液监控系统的设计与实现．ControlEngineering China．2006，(6)55-56页
[2] 李长胜，柴石婷，马迎建，张春熹．光纤型输液器液位自动报警装置．激光杂志．2006，27(5)：91-92页
[3] 陈炎桂，陈志伟，关德新．基于SC128的无线扩频通信系统．电子技术应用．2005，(12)：57-59页
[4] 刘建伟，余永权，边增远．基于电力线扩频通信的智能家居网络．微计算机信息(测控自动化)．2005，21(12)：160-162页
[5] 周文光．一种简易医用输注器械液面检测报警装置的研制．医疗装备．2004，(6)：11-13页
[6] 李和太，赵新，李新，夏加宽．智能输液监控系统的研制．沈阳工业大学学报．2006，28(3)：318-324页
[7] 陈鸿雁．一种新型的医用智能(监控)输液系统．重庆工学院学报．2005，19(5)：71-73页
[8] 邬春明．基于低压电力线载波技术的病房呼叫系统．电子技术应用．2005，(9)：60-63页
[9] 苏英，赵士伟，陈平．基于RTOS的输液监控系统的设计．计算机测量与控制．2006。14(8)：1039．1041页
[10] 魏明，医院多病床综合实时无线循环检测报警系统．医疗卫生装备．1997(3)：55-58页
[11] 李宝连．基于RS485的医用输液控制系统的研制．吉林大学硕士学位论文．2005：5：45-67页
[12] 陈绵康，罗杰，徐勋良．一种新颖的静脉输液报警器．医疗卫生装备．2004，(12)：54-55页
[13] 张克平．静脉输液液位自动检测系统的研究．兰州理工大学．2004：2
[14] D.Radford. Spread spectrum data leap through AC power wiring. IEEE spectrum. 1996,5: 56-62P
[15] Clark D:Power Line Communications: Finally Ready for Prime Time IEEE Internet Computing. 1998,1:45-51P
[16] 何海波，周拥华等．低压电力线载波通信研究与应用现状．继电器．2001，29(7)：12-16页
[17] 郭静波，王赞基．配电网电力线通信研究与应用现状[C]中国电机工程学会电力通信专业第三届学术会议论文集．2004：660-667页
[18] D.Kaleshi,M.H.Barton.Ensuing inter operability in a home networking system. IEEE trans, on CE. 1999,46(4):34-39P
[19] 陈劲操．低压电力线载波高速数据通信设计．电测与仪表．2002(10)：272-275页
[20] 汤效军．电力线载波通信技术的发展及特点．电力系统通信．2003(1)：47-51页
[21] 刘华玲，张保会等．OFDM调制技术及其在电力线通信中的应用分析．继电器．2001，3：29-34页
[22] Vines R M,Trussell H J, Gale L J. Noise on Residential Power Distribution Circuits. IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility. 1984,26(4):33-36P
[23] 刘海涛，陈长德，张保会．低压电力线通信传输环境研究．电力自动化设备．200l(9)：14-15页
[24] Liu D, Flint E. Wide band ac power line characterization[J].IEEE Trans.on Consumer Electronics. 1999,45(4):1087-1097P.
[25] Morgan H, Chan L, Robert W. Attenuation of communication signals on esidential and commercial intra building power distribution ircuits IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compat-bility. 1986,28(4): 220-230P
[26] Tanaka M Transmission characteristics of a power line used for data communications at high frequencies.IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics. 1989,35(1):37-42P
[27] 王安伟，刘德军．几种调制技术的共性．电信技术．1996，(8)：15-20页
[28] 郑黎明，王书柢等．电力线载波中的超窄带通信技术．电测与仪表．1999，36(7)：37-39页
[29] 夏为民．扩频技术在电力线载波通信中的应用研究．南京理工大学硕士论文，2001：7-9页
[30] 刘恒，汪光森，王乘．OFDM、扩频通信在电力线通信中的应用．信息技术．2003，(27)：4-7页
[31] 戴恒阳．低压电力载波技术在自动化领域中的应用．电气传动自动化．2003，25(5)：47-50页
[32] 汪晓岩，易浩勇等．OFDM技术及其在电力系统通信的应用．电力系统通信．2001，(12)：1-7页
[33] 梁明，梁恩明，宋晋冀，任燕．高速电力线通信的关键技术．电工技术杂志．2004，(4)：11-14页
[34] Pecora M, Carroll L.Synchronization in chaotic systems. Phys.Rcv. LeLL.1990, 64(8):821-823P
[35] Pccora M, Carroll L. Driving systems with chaotic signals Phys. Rcv.A. 1991,44(4):2374-2383P
[36] Carroll L, Pesora M Synchronizing chaotic circuits IEEE Trans. CAS. 1991, 38(4): 453-456P
[37] E. N. Lorenz. Deterministic non-period flow. J. Atoms. Sci.1963,(20): 130-141P
[38] Dedieu H, Kennedy M P, Hasler M. Chaos shift keying: modulation and demodulation of a chaotic carrier using self—synchronizing Chua' s circuits. IEEE Trans. CAS. 1993, 40(10):634-642P
[39] Kolu m ban G; Kennedy M P, Chua L O. The role of synchronization in digital communications using chaos—Part 1: Fundamentals of digital communications. IEEE Trans. CAS. 1997,44(10):927-936P
[40] Kolu m ban G, Kennedy M P, Chua L O. The role of synchronization in digital, communications using chaos—Part 2: Chaotic modulation and chaotic synchronization. IEEE Trans. CAS. 1998, 45 (11): 1129-1140P
[41] Kennedy M P, Kolu m ban G. Digital communications using chaos. CRCPRESS'. 1999,1-24P
[42] H.G.Winful, L. Rahman. Synchronization chaos and spatiotemporal chaos in arrays of coupled lasters. Phys. Rew. Lett. 1990,65(13): 1575～1578P
[43] 王仲训，杨尚明，陈瑞平．基于单片机的温控装置．煤矿机械．2005(9)：92-93页
[44] 曹淑琴，赵红怡，赵红菊．数字式半导体测控芯片DS1620在温度自动控制中的应用．2003，29(2)：38-39页
[45] 隋涛，刘秀芝，吕英俊．W77E58在车载监控系统中的应用．山东煤炭科技．2004，(2)：195-196页
[46] 欧伟民．基于单片机的交通信号控制系统．湖南大学学报．2002，29(3)：53-55页
[47] 林智勇，陈学秀，欧文生，王月芳．基于VB的PC机与单片机串行通信的米厂控制系统设计．粮食与饲料工业．2003，(7)：13-17页
[48] 田建军．单片机控制的输液泵系统设计．控制工程．2004，11(5)：99-101页
[49] 王溪．新型输液报警传呼系统的研制．医疗装备2004，(9)：1-3页
[50] 向春清，胡修林．扩频通信的抗干扰能力及其改进．舰船电子工程．2004，24(2)：59-65页
[51] 刘梅华，李文江，汪东．一种基于扩频通信的煤矿通信系统及其应用．辽宁工程技术大学学报．2005，24(4)：129-131页
[52] 王兴晟，陈岩．直扩通信系统窄带干扰的抑制技术研究．计算机仿真．2006，23(1)：294-299页
[53] 张韵．扩频通信及安全性分析．上海电力学院学报．2005，21(3)：249-253页
[2] 李长胜，柴石婷，马迎建，张春熹．光纤型输液器液位自动报警装置．激光杂志．2006，27(5)：91-92页
[3] 陈炎桂，陈志伟，关德新．基于SC128的无线扩频通信系统．电子技术应用．2005，(12)：57-59页
[4] 刘建伟，余永权，边增远．基于电力线扩频通信的智能家居网络．微计算机信息(测控自动化)．2005，21(12)：160-162页
[5] 周文光．一种简易医用输注器械液面检测报警装置的研制．医疗装备．2004，(6)：11-13页
[6] 李和太，赵新，李新，夏加宽．智能输液监控系统的研制．沈阳工业大学学报．2006，28(3)：318-324页
[7] 陈鸿雁．一种新型的医用智能(监控)输液系统．重庆工学院学报．2005，19(5)：71-73页
[8] 邬春明．基于低压电力线载波技术的病房呼叫系统．电子技术应用．2005，(9)：60-63页
[9] 苏英，赵士伟，陈平．基于RTOS的输液监控系统的设计．计算机测量与控制．2006。14(8)：1039．1041页
[10] 魏明，医院多病床综合实时无线循环检测报警系统．医疗卫生装备．1997(3)：55-58页
[11] 李宝连．基于RS485的医用输液控制系统的研制．吉林大学硕士学位论文．2005：5：45-67页
[12] 陈绵康，罗杰，徐勋良．一种新颖的静脉输液报警器．医疗卫生装备．2004，(12)：54-55页
[13] 张克平．静脉输液液位自动检测系统的研究．兰州理工大学．2004：2
[14] D.Radford. Spread spectrum data leap through AC power wiring. IEEE spectrum. 1996,5: 56-62P
[15] Clark D:Power Line Communications: Finally Ready for Prime Time IEEE Internet Computing. 1998,1:45-51P
[16] 何海波，周拥华等．低压电力线载波通信研究与应用现状．继电器．2001，29(7)：12-16页
[17] 郭静波，王赞基．配电网电力线通信研究与应用现状[C]中国电机工程学会电力通信专业第三届学术会议论文集．2004：660-667页
[18] D.Kaleshi,M.H.Barton.Ensuing inter operability in a home networking system. IEEE trans, on CE. 1999,46(4):34-39P
[19] 陈劲操．低压电力线载波高速数据通信设计．电测与仪表．2002(10)：272-275页
[20] 汤效军．电力线载波通信技术的发展及特点．电力系统通信．2003(1)：47-51页
[21] 刘华玲，张保会等．OFDM调制技术及其在电力线通信中的应用分析．继电器．2001，3：29-34页
[22] Vines R M,Trussell H J, Gale L J. Noise on Residential Power Distribution Circuits. IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility. 1984,26(4):33-36P
[23] 刘海涛，陈长德，张保会．低压电力线通信传输环境研究．电力自动化设备．200l(9)：14-15页
[24] Liu D, Flint E. Wide band ac power line characterization[J].IEEE Trans.on Consumer Electronics. 1999,45(4):1087-1097P.
[25] Morgan H, Chan L, Robert W. Attenuation of communication signals on esidential and commercial intra building power distribution ircuits IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compat-bility. 1986,28(4): 220-230P
[26] Tanaka M Transmission characteristics of a power line used for data communications at high frequencies.IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics. 1989,35(1):37-42P
[27] 王安伟，刘德军．几种调制技术的共性．电信技术．1996，(8)：15-20页
[28] 郑黎明，王书柢等．电力线载波中的超窄带通信技术．电测与仪表．1999，36(7)：37-39页
[29] 夏为民．扩频技术在电力线载波通信中的应用研究．南京理工大学硕士论文，2001：7-9页
[30] 刘恒，汪光森，王乘．OFDM、扩频通信在电力线通信中的应用．信息技术．2003，(27)：4-7页
[31] 戴恒阳．低压电力载波技术在自动化领域中的应用．电气传动自动化．2003，25(5)：47-50页
[32] 汪晓岩，易浩勇等．OFDM技术及其在电力系统通信的应用．电力系统通信．2001，(12)：1-7页
[33] 梁明，梁恩明，宋晋冀，任燕．高速电力线通信的关键技术．电工技术杂志．2004，(4)：11-14页
[34] Pecora M, Carroll L.Synchronization in chaotic systems. Phys.Rcv. LeLL.1990, 64(8):821-823P
[35] Pccora M, Carroll L. Driving systems with chaotic signals Phys. Rcv.A. 1991,44(4):2374-2383P
[36] Carroll L, Pesora M Synchronizing chaotic circuits IEEE Trans. CAS. 1991, 38(4): 453-456P
[37] E. N. Lorenz. Deterministic non-period flow. J. Atoms. Sci.1963,(20): 130-141P
[38] Dedieu H, Kennedy M P, Hasler M. Chaos shift keying: modulation and demodulation of a chaotic carrier using self—synchronizing Chua' s circuits. IEEE Trans. CAS. 1993, 40(10):634-642P
[39] Kolu m ban G; Kennedy M P, Chua L O. The role of synchronization in digital communications using chaos—Part 1: Fundamentals of digital communications. IEEE Trans. CAS. 1997,44(10):927-936P
[40] Kolu m ban G, Kennedy M P, Chua L O. The role of synchronization in digital, communications using chaos—Part 2: Chaotic modulation and chaotic synchronization. IEEE Trans. CAS. 1998, 45 (11): 1129-1140P
[41] Kennedy M P, Kolu m ban G. Digital communications using chaos. CRCPRESS'. 1999,1-24P
[42] H.G.Winful, L. Rahman. Synchronization chaos and spatiotemporal chaos in arrays of coupled lasters. Phys. Rew. Lett. 1990,65(13): 1575～1578P
[43] 王仲训，杨尚明，陈瑞平．基于单片机的温控装置．煤矿机械．2005(9)：92-93页
[44] 曹淑琴，赵红怡，赵红菊．数字式半导体测控芯片DS1620在温度自动控制中的应用．2003，29(2)：38-39页
[45] 隋涛，刘秀芝，吕英俊．W77E58在车载监控系统中的应用．山东煤炭科技．2004，(2)：195-196页
[46] 欧伟民．基于单片机的交通信号控制系统．湖南大学学报．2002，29(3)：53-55页
[47] 林智勇，陈学秀，欧文生，王月芳．基于VB的PC机与单片机串行通信的米厂控制系统设计．粮食与饲料工业．2003，(7)：13-17页
[48] 田建军．单片机控制的输液泵系统设计．控制工程．2004，11(5)：99-101页
[49] 王溪．新型输液报警传呼系统的研制．医疗装备2004，(9)：1-3页
[50] 向春清，胡修林．扩频通信的抗干扰能力及其改进．舰船电子工程．2004，24(2)：59-65页
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