边坡数字无线监测系统关键技术研究
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摘要
在目前的边坡监测中,大多数都采用有线方式进行数据传输,这种方式给监测带来了很多不便。虽然有些边坡采用了GPRS无线传输技术,但是这种监测方式只能针对少数节点或参数单一的边坡监测,存在很大局限性。
针对上述问题,本文以多测点、多参数的边坡监测为研究对象,采用了无线传感器网络技术进行数据传输,主要研究了适合边坡监测的网络节点路由协议、网络内部数据融合算法以及网络远程数据传输的问题,主要研究内容和研究成果概括如下：
1.提出了一种基于ZigBee无线通信技术的为基础的边坡监测无线传输方案,该技术方案具有功耗低、可扩展性好、自组网和可自我修复能力强、网络容量大、节点成本和运营成本比较低等优点,比蓝牙、WiFi、移动通信等无线技术更有优势,可以满足多测点、多变量的边坡监测无线传输要求。
2.设计了一种基于改进APTEEN协议的边坡监测网络路由算法,该路由算法融合了GEAR协议的地理位置信息路由优点,同时具有APTEEN协议的响应型和主动策略型两种数据传输机制以及“非簇头节点——簇头节点——Sink节点”的多级节点管理策略的优点,适合边坡监测节点布设特点。为了验证算法的可行性,采用著名开源仿真软件OMNeT++模拟,结果表明该算法的有效性和可扩展性。
3.设计了一种基于改进集中式Kalman滤波的边坡监测网络数据融合算法,该算法充分利用了边坡路由协议中监测数据在簇头节点和Sink节点集中的特点,在簇头节点和Sink节点实现集中式数据融合操作,大大提高了数据融合效率,减少监测数据误差。为了验证算法的可行性,采用MATLAB软件进行模拟,证明了该算法的有效性和误差修正功能。
4.提出了基于移动通信网络和基于WiFi/Internet网络的两种边坡监测远程数据传输方案,详细描述了两种方案的数据发送流程以及数据帧封装。这两种方案都能有效弥补ZigBee远程数据传输的不足,可以实现从监测现场到远程监控中心的数据传输。
At present, monitoring data is mostly transmitted via wire technology in slope monitoring, which is not convenient for monitoring work. Although GPRS wireless technology is applied in some slope engineering, this method is limited in the use of slope monitoring with few monitoring nodes or monitoring parameters.
To solve the above problems, slope monitoring with multiple monitoring nodes and monitoring parameters will be taken as research object and monitoring data will be sent by Wireless Sensor Networks in this article. The main research contents are routing protocol, data aggregation and remote data transmission which are suitable for slope monitoring. The main conclusions and results are listed below:
1. A wireless data transmission method of slope monitoring based on ZigBee technology is proposed. The method has the advantages of low power consumption, good scalability, self-organization networks, strong self-repair ability, large capacity, low costs of nodes manufacturing and operating, which is more advanced than the technology of Bluetooth, WiFi, mobile communications. The method can meet the demand of wireless slope monitoring with multiple monitoring spots and multiple monitoring variables.
2. A routing algorithm of slope monitoring networks based on improved APTEEN protocol is designed. With the combination of routing feature based on geographic information in GEAR protocol, the algorithm has the advantages of two methods of data transmission based on reactive strategy and proactive strategy and nodes administration of multiple levels strategy such as non-cluster node, cluster node and Sink node, which is suitable for slope monitoring. To prove the feasibility of routing algorithm, the famous open-source software OMNeT++ is used to simulate and the validation and scalability of routing algorithm is proved in its simulation results.
3. A data aggregation algorithm of slope monitoring networks based on improved centralized Kalman filter is designed. The algorithm realized on cluster nodes or Sink node takes advantage of the feature of monitoring data transmitted to cluster nodes or Sink node in slope routing protocol, which improves the efficiency of data aggregation and shortens the error of monitoring data. To prove the feasibility of data aggregation algorithm, the software MATLAB is used to simulate and the validation and error correction of routing algorithm is proved in its simulation results.
4. Two remote data transmission methods of slope monitoring base on mobile communication networks and WiFi-Internet networks are proposed and their data transmission flow and package strategy of data frames is described in details. The shortage of ZigBee remote data transmission can be made up by both methods and monitoring data can be transmitted from monitoring spots to remote monitoring centre.
针对上述问题,本文以多测点、多参数的边坡监测为研究对象,采用了无线传感器网络技术进行数据传输,主要研究了适合边坡监测的网络节点路由协议、网络内部数据融合算法以及网络远程数据传输的问题,主要研究内容和研究成果概括如下：
1.提出了一种基于ZigBee无线通信技术的为基础的边坡监测无线传输方案,该技术方案具有功耗低、可扩展性好、自组网和可自我修复能力强、网络容量大、节点成本和运营成本比较低等优点,比蓝牙、WiFi、移动通信等无线技术更有优势,可以满足多测点、多变量的边坡监测无线传输要求。
2.设计了一种基于改进APTEEN协议的边坡监测网络路由算法,该路由算法融合了GEAR协议的地理位置信息路由优点,同时具有APTEEN协议的响应型和主动策略型两种数据传输机制以及“非簇头节点——簇头节点——Sink节点”的多级节点管理策略的优点,适合边坡监测节点布设特点。为了验证算法的可行性,采用著名开源仿真软件OMNeT++模拟,结果表明该算法的有效性和可扩展性。
3.设计了一种基于改进集中式Kalman滤波的边坡监测网络数据融合算法,该算法充分利用了边坡路由协议中监测数据在簇头节点和Sink节点集中的特点,在簇头节点和Sink节点实现集中式数据融合操作,大大提高了数据融合效率,减少监测数据误差。为了验证算法的可行性,采用MATLAB软件进行模拟,证明了该算法的有效性和误差修正功能。
4.提出了基于移动通信网络和基于WiFi/Internet网络的两种边坡监测远程数据传输方案,详细描述了两种方案的数据发送流程以及数据帧封装。这两种方案都能有效弥补ZigBee远程数据传输的不足,可以实现从监测现场到远程监控中心的数据传输。
At present, monitoring data is mostly transmitted via wire technology in slope monitoring, which is not convenient for monitoring work. Although GPRS wireless technology is applied in some slope engineering, this method is limited in the use of slope monitoring with few monitoring nodes or monitoring parameters.
To solve the above problems, slope monitoring with multiple monitoring nodes and monitoring parameters will be taken as research object and monitoring data will be sent by Wireless Sensor Networks in this article. The main research contents are routing protocol, data aggregation and remote data transmission which are suitable for slope monitoring. The main conclusions and results are listed below:
1. A wireless data transmission method of slope monitoring based on ZigBee technology is proposed. The method has the advantages of low power consumption, good scalability, self-organization networks, strong self-repair ability, large capacity, low costs of nodes manufacturing and operating, which is more advanced than the technology of Bluetooth, WiFi, mobile communications. The method can meet the demand of wireless slope monitoring with multiple monitoring spots and multiple monitoring variables.
2. A routing algorithm of slope monitoring networks based on improved APTEEN protocol is designed. With the combination of routing feature based on geographic information in GEAR protocol, the algorithm has the advantages of two methods of data transmission based on reactive strategy and proactive strategy and nodes administration of multiple levels strategy such as non-cluster node, cluster node and Sink node, which is suitable for slope monitoring. To prove the feasibility of routing algorithm, the famous open-source software OMNeT++ is used to simulate and the validation and scalability of routing algorithm is proved in its simulation results.
3. A data aggregation algorithm of slope monitoring networks based on improved centralized Kalman filter is designed. The algorithm realized on cluster nodes or Sink node takes advantage of the feature of monitoring data transmitted to cluster nodes or Sink node in slope routing protocol, which improves the efficiency of data aggregation and shortens the error of monitoring data. To prove the feasibility of data aggregation algorithm, the software MATLAB is used to simulate and the validation and error correction of routing algorithm is proved in its simulation results.
4. Two remote data transmission methods of slope monitoring base on mobile communication networks and WiFi-Internet networks are proposed and their data transmission flow and package strategy of data frames is described in details. The shortage of ZigBee remote data transmission can be made up by both methods and monitoring data can be transmitted from monitoring spots to remote monitoring centre.
引文
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