石人沟铁矿残采边坡稳定性研究
摘要
露天矿山因开采技术或经济上的原因,开采结束后边坡上残留许多挂帮矿。目前,由于矿石资源紧张,为最大限度地回收境界外矿石,露天边坡上的残留矿体使用平硐追脉开采,开采完成后形成了残采边坡。平硐追脉开采挂帮矿破坏了边坡岩体结构,使边坡岩体内应力重新分布,影响了边坡的稳定性。因此,必须对露天矿残采边坡的稳定性问题引起足够重视。
以石人沟铁矿平硐追脉开采挂帮矿的残采边坡为例,利用ANSYS有限元大型数值模拟分析软件,通过建立石人沟铁矿追脉开采露天高边坡三维数值模型,进行数值模拟计算,分析残采边坡的稳定性。主要取得以下研究成果:
1)通过室内岩石力学试验,确定了石人沟铁矿岩石力学参数,根据强度折减系数法确定边坡岩体力学参数。
2)利用大型数值分析软件ANSYS建立了石人沟铁矿残采边坡三维数值模型,通过分析计算得到如下结论:平硐追脉开采对石人沟铁矿露天边坡整体稳定性影响不大,残采边坡是稳定的。
3)随着平硐追脉开采深度不断加大,在平硐硐口、断层附近和硐室上部岩体位移和拉应力逐渐增大,因此在体积相对较大的采空区可以根据实际情况预留保安矿柱,同时加强平硐硐口和采空区顶板的支护和管理,保证平硐开采安全。
4)为实现石人沟铁矿残采边坡的安全管理,必须加强残采边坡的观测与监控,重点监测边坡平硐硐口、断层附近以及边坡顶部岩体位移变化,根据边坡位移情况采取相应的治理措施。
该模拟计算结果可以为现场施工提供借鉴和指导作用。同时,本课题的研究成果也可以适用于其它同类矿山的边坡挂帮矿开采,具有一定的推广应用价值。
The slope has much residual hanging wall ore due to reasons of mining technical or economic in the end of Open-pit Mining. At present, due to the strain on the resources of ore, the residual slope is formed after the completion of the mining to maximize the recovery of ore outside the realm. The residual ore bodies of open slope vein up mining through adit. Veining up mining hanging wall ore destroys the slope rock structure, redistributes the body of stress of rock slope, and affects the stability of the slope. Therefore, it is necessary to draw enough attention to the open residual slope stability issues.
Taking the veining up the hanging wall ore residual slope of Shirengou Iron Mine for example, establishing three-dimensional numerical model of veining up mining of the high residual slope of Shirengou Iron Mine , and calculating with numerical simulation, it analyzes stability of residual slope by using the large-scale finite element numerical simulation analysis software of ANSYS. Research results show:
1) This paper identifies Shirengou iron ore rock mechanics parameters through the interior of rock mechanics testing, and determines mechanical parameters of rock slope according to strength reduction coefficient method.
2) Shirengou slope mining iron ore residual three-dimensional numerical model is set up by the use of ANSYS which is large-scale numerical analysis software. The conclusions by calculating and analyzing show: adit clock recovery has little effects on the overall stability of the open-air slope of Shirengou iron ore mining, and mining residual slope is stable.
3) The rock mass displacement and tensile stress gradually increases with the clock recovery adit mining depth increasing, which are in adit tunnel mouth, near the fault and on the upper chamber. So the security pillar can be set aside according to the actual situation in the goaf which has relatively larger size. At the same time, bolting and management should be strengthened at adit tunnel mouth and goaf roof, which can ensure safety of adit mining.
4) Something must be done for the residual slope’s safety management of Shirengou iron ore mining, such as strengthening the observation of residual slope mining and monitoring, focusing on changes of rock mass displacement, which at slope adit tunnel mouth, near the fault, and at the top of the slope.
The simulation results can provide reference and guidance for on-site construction. At the same time, it can also be applied to hanging wall slope mining of other similar mines, and it is of great popularization and application value.
以石人沟铁矿平硐追脉开采挂帮矿的残采边坡为例,利用ANSYS有限元大型数值模拟分析软件,通过建立石人沟铁矿追脉开采露天高边坡三维数值模型,进行数值模拟计算,分析残采边坡的稳定性。主要取得以下研究成果:
1)通过室内岩石力学试验,确定了石人沟铁矿岩石力学参数,根据强度折减系数法确定边坡岩体力学参数。
2)利用大型数值分析软件ANSYS建立了石人沟铁矿残采边坡三维数值模型,通过分析计算得到如下结论:平硐追脉开采对石人沟铁矿露天边坡整体稳定性影响不大,残采边坡是稳定的。
3)随着平硐追脉开采深度不断加大,在平硐硐口、断层附近和硐室上部岩体位移和拉应力逐渐增大,因此在体积相对较大的采空区可以根据实际情况预留保安矿柱,同时加强平硐硐口和采空区顶板的支护和管理,保证平硐开采安全。
4)为实现石人沟铁矿残采边坡的安全管理,必须加强残采边坡的观测与监控,重点监测边坡平硐硐口、断层附近以及边坡顶部岩体位移变化,根据边坡位移情况采取相应的治理措施。
该模拟计算结果可以为现场施工提供借鉴和指导作用。同时,本课题的研究成果也可以适用于其它同类矿山的边坡挂帮矿开采,具有一定的推广应用价值。
The slope has much residual hanging wall ore due to reasons of mining technical or economic in the end of Open-pit Mining. At present, due to the strain on the resources of ore, the residual slope is formed after the completion of the mining to maximize the recovery of ore outside the realm. The residual ore bodies of open slope vein up mining through adit. Veining up mining hanging wall ore destroys the slope rock structure, redistributes the body of stress of rock slope, and affects the stability of the slope. Therefore, it is necessary to draw enough attention to the open residual slope stability issues.
Taking the veining up the hanging wall ore residual slope of Shirengou Iron Mine for example, establishing three-dimensional numerical model of veining up mining of the high residual slope of Shirengou Iron Mine , and calculating with numerical simulation, it analyzes stability of residual slope by using the large-scale finite element numerical simulation analysis software of ANSYS. Research results show:
1) This paper identifies Shirengou iron ore rock mechanics parameters through the interior of rock mechanics testing, and determines mechanical parameters of rock slope according to strength reduction coefficient method.
2) Shirengou slope mining iron ore residual three-dimensional numerical model is set up by the use of ANSYS which is large-scale numerical analysis software. The conclusions by calculating and analyzing show: adit clock recovery has little effects on the overall stability of the open-air slope of Shirengou iron ore mining, and mining residual slope is stable.
3) The rock mass displacement and tensile stress gradually increases with the clock recovery adit mining depth increasing, which are in adit tunnel mouth, near the fault and on the upper chamber. So the security pillar can be set aside according to the actual situation in the goaf which has relatively larger size. At the same time, bolting and management should be strengthened at adit tunnel mouth and goaf roof, which can ensure safety of adit mining.
4) Something must be done for the residual slope’s safety management of Shirengou iron ore mining, such as strengthening the observation of residual slope mining and monitoring, focusing on changes of rock mass displacement, which at slope adit tunnel mouth, near the fault, and at the top of the slope.
The simulation results can provide reference and guidance for on-site construction. At the same time, it can also be applied to hanging wall slope mining of other similar mines, and it is of great popularization and application value.
引文
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[8]戴自航.土坡稳定分析普遍极限平衡法的数值解研究[J].岩土工程学报, 2002, (3): 327-331.
[9]朱典文,唐小兵,谢支钢.边坡稳定性分析的数值解研究[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版), 2003, (6): 856-859.
[10]郑颖人,杨明成.边坡稳定安全系数求解格式的分类统一[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2004, (16): 2837-2841.
[11]朱大勇.对三种著名边坡稳定性计算方法的改进[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2005, (2): 184-194.
[12]邹广电,魏汝龙.土坡稳定分析普遍极限平衡法数值解的理论及方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2006, (2): 364-370.
[13]阮永芬.遗传—模拟退火算法在边坡稳定分析中的应用[J].地下空间与工程学报, 2007, (3): 574-577.
[14]王栋,金霞.考虑强度各向异性的边坡稳定有限元分析[J].岩土力学, 2008, (3): 668-672.
[15] KUMSAR H, AYDAN O. Dynamic and static stability assessment of rock slopes against wedge failures[J]. Rock Mech. Rock Engng, 2000, 33 (1): 55-60.
[16] MANZARI M T, NOUR M A. Significance of soil dilatancy in slope stability analysis[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2000, 126(1): 75-80.
[17] DUNCAN J M. State of the Art: Limit equilibrium and finite-element analysis of slopes[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2006, 122(7): 577-596.
[18] DAWSON E M, ROTH W H, DRESCHER A. Slope stability analysis by strength reduction[J]. Geotechnique, 1999, 49(6): 835-840.
[19]彭德红.浅谈边坡稳定性分析方法[J].上海地质, 2005, (3): 44-47.
[20] PANT S R, ADHIKAR D P. Implicit and explicit modeling of flexural buckling of foliated rock slopes[J]. Rock Mech. Rock Engng, 1999, 32(2): 132-138.
[21] GRIFFITHS D V, LANE P A. Slope stability analysis by finite element[J]. Geotechnique, 1999, 49(3): 387-403.
[22] DUNCAN J M. State of the art: limit equilibrium and finite element analysis of slope[J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 1996, 122(7): 577-596.
[23]刘波,韩彦辉. FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 2005.
[24] CHEN Z Y. A three-dimensional slope stability analysis method using the upper bound theorem. Part II: Numerical Approaches, Applications and Extensions[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2001, (38): 379-397.
[25] CHENG Y M. Location of critical failure surface and some further studies on slope stability analysis[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2003, (30): 255-267.
[26]方云,陈爱云,孙兵.模糊优选神经网络在边坡稳定性分析中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质增刊, 2004, (3): 43-46.
[27] DENG J L, DAVID K W G. Chaos in grey model GM(1,N)[J]. The Journal of Grey System, 1996, 8(1): 1-10.
[28] DONALD I, CHEN Z Y. Slope stability analysis by the upper bound approach: fundamentals and methods[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1997, 34(6): 853-862.
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