镇江金山湖及附近水体浮游生物群落结构及其与环境因子关系的研究
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摘要
镇江金山湖是长江三角洲地区典型的平原小型湖泊，我们于2004年12月至2005年11月对镇江金山湖及附近水体进行了7次采样调查，共设置样点10个，其中5个位于金山湖，5个位于周边水体。我们对镇江金山湖及附近水体的浮游生物群落结构组成及变化规律作了较细致的调查研究，利用多样性指数分析了浮游生物的多样性，采用HCA和PCA等数量生态学分析方法分析了浮游生物群落结构的分布格局，利用回归和CCA分析了浮游生物与水环境因子间的相互关系，并对水体的富营养化进行了评价，为今后该水体的生态修复工作提供了本底资料，也为研究该水体的生态系统结构及能量流动打下基础。
1．浮游植物共鉴定到302分类单位，包括253种45变种4变型，隶属于8门99属，年平均生物量为2989.32万个/升，绿藻种类及数量最多，隐藻和蓝藻数量也较多。优势种主要有尖尾蓝隐藻、小球藻及微小裂面藻等13种。在种类的季节变化上，春季最少，冬季最多，各个样点的年变化趋势基本同整体变化。数量生物量的季节变化总体趋势为夏季最高，春季最低。叶绿素a的年平均浓度是96.40mg/m~3，其水平及季节分布情况同浮游植物生物量一致。对浮游植物进行了4种生物多样性指数的分析，均为周边池塘的平均水平稍高于金山湖。
利用HCA和PCA对浮游植物群落结构分布格局进行了分析，结果是将10个样点分为3组，组1包括样点Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅵ，组2包括样点Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ，组3包括样点Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ和Ⅹ。
2．浮游动物共鉴定到92种属，其中轮虫有68种属，枝角类有22种属，桡足类只发现2种，浮游动物的平均数量76100.95个/升，重量生物量平均为71.52mg/l，其中轮虫在种类、数量及重量生物量上均占有绝对优势，分别为73.91％、98.6％及62.49％，尤其是以富营养型湖泊出现较多的臂尾轮虫居多。种类组成的季节变化趋势同浮游植物，冬春季最低，秋季最高。
优势种10种，包括一种裸腹溞及9种轮虫，其中也是常见种的是角突臂尾轮虫、裂足臂尾轮虫、裂痕龟纹轮虫、暗小异尾轮虫、长三肢轮虫及多肢轮虫等6种。
我们对浮游动物群落结构分布格局进行了HCA和PCA分析，结果也是将10个样点分为3组，其中组1包括金山湖的5个样点，组2包括样点Ⅵ、Ⅸ及Ⅹ，
Jinshan Lake is a typical small plain lake of Yangtze River delta area in Zhenjing City. We investigated the plankton, physical and chemical factors in Jinshan Lake and its adjacent waters for 7 times from Des. 2004 to Nov. 2005. We set 10 sample sites, among which 5 ones were in Jinshan Lake and the other 5 ones were in the adjacent waters. A detailed research on the composition and the changing rule of community structure of the plankton was taken. 4 diversity indexes were used to analyze the diversity of phytoplankton. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the distribution patterns of the plankton. Multiple regression and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were used to analyze the correlation of plankton species with environment factors. The nutrition status of the water was also been evaluated. What we did could provide background data for the ecological restoration of the water and provide the foundation for studying the ecological system structure and energy flow in Jinshan Lake.
1. 302 taxa of phytoplankton were identified, which belonged to 99 genera of 8 phyla and included 253 species, 45 variations, 4 forms. The year's average biomass was 2989.32 ×10~4 ind/1. The biomass and the number of species of Chlorophyta ranked the first. There were 13 dominant species which included Chroomonas acuta Uterm., Chlorella vulgaris Beij. and Merismopedia tenuissima Lemm. and so on. The amount of species was the most in winter and the fewest in spring, and the trend of each site was similar to the whole. The biomass of phytoplankton is the best in summer and the fewest in spring. The average concentration of the chlorophyll a of a year is 96.40mg/m~3 and the highest value was present in summer. We calculated 4 diversity indexes, and the result showed that the level of Jinshan Lake was a little lower than adjacent waters.
10 sites were divided into 3 teams by analyzing phytoplankton community structure distribution patterns.
2. 92 species and genera of zooplankton were identified, among which there were Rotifera 68 species and genera, Cladocera 22 species and genera and Copepoda only 2 species. The average biomass and weight of zooplankton were 76100.95 ind/l and 71.52mg/l, of which Rotifera had abosluted dominance, especially Brachionus sp. which offen appears in the trophic lakes. The seasonal changing trend of specific composition and the biomass of the zooplankton were similar to the phytoplankton, and the amount
1．浮游植物共鉴定到302分类单位，包括253种45变种4变型，隶属于8门99属，年平均生物量为2989.32万个/升，绿藻种类及数量最多，隐藻和蓝藻数量也较多。优势种主要有尖尾蓝隐藻、小球藻及微小裂面藻等13种。在种类的季节变化上，春季最少，冬季最多，各个样点的年变化趋势基本同整体变化。数量生物量的季节变化总体趋势为夏季最高，春季最低。叶绿素a的年平均浓度是96.40mg/m~3，其水平及季节分布情况同浮游植物生物量一致。对浮游植物进行了4种生物多样性指数的分析，均为周边池塘的平均水平稍高于金山湖。
利用HCA和PCA对浮游植物群落结构分布格局进行了分析，结果是将10个样点分为3组，组1包括样点Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅵ，组2包括样点Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ，组3包括样点Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ和Ⅹ。
2．浮游动物共鉴定到92种属，其中轮虫有68种属，枝角类有22种属，桡足类只发现2种，浮游动物的平均数量76100.95个/升，重量生物量平均为71.52mg/l，其中轮虫在种类、数量及重量生物量上均占有绝对优势，分别为73.91％、98.6％及62.49％，尤其是以富营养型湖泊出现较多的臂尾轮虫居多。种类组成的季节变化趋势同浮游植物，冬春季最低，秋季最高。
优势种10种，包括一种裸腹溞及9种轮虫，其中也是常见种的是角突臂尾轮虫、裂足臂尾轮虫、裂痕龟纹轮虫、暗小异尾轮虫、长三肢轮虫及多肢轮虫等6种。
我们对浮游动物群落结构分布格局进行了HCA和PCA分析，结果也是将10个样点分为3组，其中组1包括金山湖的5个样点，组2包括样点Ⅵ、Ⅸ及Ⅹ，
Jinshan Lake is a typical small plain lake of Yangtze River delta area in Zhenjing City. We investigated the plankton, physical and chemical factors in Jinshan Lake and its adjacent waters for 7 times from Des. 2004 to Nov. 2005. We set 10 sample sites, among which 5 ones were in Jinshan Lake and the other 5 ones were in the adjacent waters. A detailed research on the composition and the changing rule of community structure of the plankton was taken. 4 diversity indexes were used to analyze the diversity of phytoplankton. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were used to analyze the distribution patterns of the plankton. Multiple regression and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were used to analyze the correlation of plankton species with environment factors. The nutrition status of the water was also been evaluated. What we did could provide background data for the ecological restoration of the water and provide the foundation for studying the ecological system structure and energy flow in Jinshan Lake.
1. 302 taxa of phytoplankton were identified, which belonged to 99 genera of 8 phyla and included 253 species, 45 variations, 4 forms. The year's average biomass was 2989.32 ×10~4 ind/1. The biomass and the number of species of Chlorophyta ranked the first. There were 13 dominant species which included Chroomonas acuta Uterm., Chlorella vulgaris Beij. and Merismopedia tenuissima Lemm. and so on. The amount of species was the most in winter and the fewest in spring, and the trend of each site was similar to the whole. The biomass of phytoplankton is the best in summer and the fewest in spring. The average concentration of the chlorophyll a of a year is 96.40mg/m~3 and the highest value was present in summer. We calculated 4 diversity indexes, and the result showed that the level of Jinshan Lake was a little lower than adjacent waters.
10 sites were divided into 3 teams by analyzing phytoplankton community structure distribution patterns.
2. 92 species and genera of zooplankton were identified, among which there were Rotifera 68 species and genera, Cladocera 22 species and genera and Copepoda only 2 species. The average biomass and weight of zooplankton were 76100.95 ind/l and 71.52mg/l, of which Rotifera had abosluted dominance, especially Brachionus sp. which offen appears in the trophic lakes. The seasonal changing trend of specific composition and the biomass of the zooplankton were similar to the phytoplankton, and the amount
引文
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