TD-SCDMA系统规划与优化的研究
摘要
TD-SCDMA即时分的同步码分多址技术,是我国具有自主知识产权的通信技术标准,与欧洲的WCDMA标准、美国的CDMA2000标准并称为3G时代主流的移动通信标准。2009年1月7日,国家正式发放3张第三代移动通信经营牌照,批准中国移动通信集团公司增加基于TD-SCDMA技术制式的第三代移动通信3G业务经营许可。为推动国家自主创新的应用,中国移动加快启动了TD-SCDMA规模网络的建设工作。
TD-SCDMA系统与其他系统相比,其采用了短扰码、智能天线和智能联合检测技术相结合,将用户间的干扰变成有用信号,提高了系统的抗干扰性能,它提出的接力切换即避免了硬切换容易失败的问题,又避免了软切换导致的资源占用问题。而TD-SCDMA采用的动态信道分配和多载波技术则在大大增强网络的承载能力的基础上提供了更好的抗干扰性和系统的可扩充性。
TD-SCDMA的规划和其他系统的规划方法基本一致,但是由于其技术本身的特殊性又决定了与其他系统的规划方法有一定的区别,如扰码规划,天线参数,智能天线赋形增益,呼吸效应对系统的影响,多载波的应用等等。这些差别影响者TD-SCDMA的规划方法和结果的准确性。
TD-SCDMA优化同样受其技术本身特殊性的影响,优化方法介于GSM与WCDMA之间,与两种系统的优化都有区别,TD-SCDMA与GSM的差别主要在于多业务支持、规划对优化的影响较大、存在呼吸效应但不明显；与WCDMA的区别在于呼吸效应弱、不同业务覆盖差异不大、没有软切换、多频点组网、上下行同频段等。这使得优化TD-SCDMA系统必须要走出一条自己的优化道路,为了达到覆盖最佳、切换合理、干扰最小、负载均衡的目的,在开网阶段采用单站优化、分簇优化、区域优化、边界优化、全网优化的流程,逐步使网络达到一个最佳的覆盖,之后又加入2G／3G互操作优化,使得TD-SCDMA网络与GSM网络融合,完善切换。开网后,OMC的统计报告可以提供辅助信息,从而更好的优化网络。对与优化的关键,主要是掉话率,接通率等主要指标,针对不同的指标,恶化导致的原因不尽相同,因此需要针对性的去优化。
本论文结合TD-SCDMA系统技术特点探讨了其无线网络规划方法和优化方法,以Z市TD-SCDMA无线网络为基础,阐述了无线网络规划的方法及流程,对无线网络仿真结果进行了分析,同时对规划建设后的网络,按照网络优化的流程,对其进行了各项优化分析,问题处理。本文的意义在于通过该文,可以指导现网中TD-SCDMA网络的规划和优化工作。
论文的主要内容有以下几个方面：
1、本文介绍了TD-SCDMA系统的关键技术特点,阐述了其关键技术对网络的影响,比较了TD-SCDMA与GSM网络的不同,指出了TD-SCDMA网络规划和优化需要关注的问题。
2、研究了TD-SCDMA无线网络规划方法,对无线网络规划目标、无线网络规划原则及内容、无线网络规划流程进行了详细的阐述。并以Z市TD-SCDMA无线网络规划为例,详细描述了无线网络规划的方法及流程。从现网目前的结果来看,无论从容量、覆盖、质量方面,文中所论述的规划方法是适用于现网规划的。
3、针对规划后建成的网络,结合TD-SCDMA网络优化的流程,对各个优化步骤进行了详细的阐述,同时结合Z市的TD-SCDMA网络,对各种优化问题进行了详细分析,提出解决方案,对解决后的效果进行了评估。按照文中提出的优化思路和方法,解决了现网中许多问题,在积累经验的同时也充实了本文,使其更具优化指导意义。
TD-SCDMA is the abbreviation of'Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access'. It is a telecom technology standard which is our national patent product. There are three popular 3G(3rd Generation) mobile communication technology standard, they are TD-SCDMA(released by China)、WCDMA(released by Europe) and CDMA2000(released by America). At 7th Jun. 2009, national information department released three 3G mobile communication business licenses in state, and authorized China Mobile Communication Group to add the 3G business service based on TD-SCDMA technology. To promote the application of self-creation technology, China Mobile accelerates the building speed of TD-SCDMA network.
TD-SCDMA system compared with other systems, using the short scrambling code, smart antennas and smart combination of joint detection, make the interference between users into a useful signal to improve the system robustness. Baton handover is a very important part of TD-SCDMA system, It avoided the handover failure problems caused by hard handover, also avoided the resource consumption caused by soft handover. The TD-SCDMA uses the dynamic channel allocation and multi-carrier technology in the greatly increased carrying capacity of the network provided the basis of a better anti-interference and system scalability.
Network planning in TD-SCDMA system is basically the same with other system. However, the particularity of TD-SCDMA technology in turn determines the planning approach with other systems are different, such as the scrambling code planning, antenna parameters, smart antenna shaped gain, cell breathing, multi-carrier applications and so on. These differences affect those planning methods and accuracy of the results.
Affecting by its technology particularity, optimization methods of TD-SCDMA system are different from GSM and WCDMA.TD-SCDMA and GSM is the main difference between multi-service support, planning great influence on the optimization of the existence of respiratory effects but not obvious; and WCDMA difference is that respiratory effects of the weak, no significant difference in different business coverage, no soft-switching, multi-frequency network, the up and down with the band and so on. This allows optimization of TD-SCDMA system must be optimized out of a own road, in order to achieve the best coverage, handover rationalizing, interference minimizing, load balancing, at the beginning stages of a single station network optimization, cluster optimization, area optimization, border optimize,the whole network optimization process, gradually achieve an optimal network coverage, and later joined the 2G/3G optimize interoperability, making TD-SCDMA networks and GSM network integration. After the commercial, OMC's statistical report provides supplementary information to better optimize the network. The key with optimization, primarily the rate dropped calls, connection rate and other key indicators, for different targets, deterioration due to different reasons, needed to optimize targeted.
This article describes the TD-SCDMA radio subsystem's planning and optimization theory according to the TD-SCDMA technical characteristics. It takes the actual TD-SCDMA radio network of city of Zhengzhou China as example, introduces how to analyze question and improve every KPIs according to the network optimization workflow.
The content of this paper is listed as followed:
1、Introducing technical characteristic of TD-SCDMA and its affection to existing network. TD-SCDMA Compared to GSM. Listing the issues we should notice in planning and optimizing the TD-SCDMA radio network.
2、Studying the theory of TD-SCDMA radio network planning. Describing the radio network planning destination、principle、related content and workflow detailed by introducing the Zhengzhou radio network planning. From the current network results, in terms of capacity, coverage, quality, the method discussed in this paper is applied to the current network planning.
3、Describing every step of optimization made to the built network after planning according to the TD-SCDMA radio network optimization workflow. With Zhengzhou TD-SCDMA actual network optimization, describing how to analyze all questions we account in optimization and work out the resolve measure and finally evaluate the effect of resolve measure. In this paper, the optimization in accordance with ideas and solutions to the many problems existing networks, but also in enriching the experience gained in this paper to make it more optimal guidance.
TD-SCDMA系统与其他系统相比,其采用了短扰码、智能天线和智能联合检测技术相结合,将用户间的干扰变成有用信号,提高了系统的抗干扰性能,它提出的接力切换即避免了硬切换容易失败的问题,又避免了软切换导致的资源占用问题。而TD-SCDMA采用的动态信道分配和多载波技术则在大大增强网络的承载能力的基础上提供了更好的抗干扰性和系统的可扩充性。
TD-SCDMA的规划和其他系统的规划方法基本一致,但是由于其技术本身的特殊性又决定了与其他系统的规划方法有一定的区别,如扰码规划,天线参数,智能天线赋形增益,呼吸效应对系统的影响,多载波的应用等等。这些差别影响者TD-SCDMA的规划方法和结果的准确性。
TD-SCDMA优化同样受其技术本身特殊性的影响,优化方法介于GSM与WCDMA之间,与两种系统的优化都有区别,TD-SCDMA与GSM的差别主要在于多业务支持、规划对优化的影响较大、存在呼吸效应但不明显；与WCDMA的区别在于呼吸效应弱、不同业务覆盖差异不大、没有软切换、多频点组网、上下行同频段等。这使得优化TD-SCDMA系统必须要走出一条自己的优化道路,为了达到覆盖最佳、切换合理、干扰最小、负载均衡的目的,在开网阶段采用单站优化、分簇优化、区域优化、边界优化、全网优化的流程,逐步使网络达到一个最佳的覆盖,之后又加入2G／3G互操作优化,使得TD-SCDMA网络与GSM网络融合,完善切换。开网后,OMC的统计报告可以提供辅助信息,从而更好的优化网络。对与优化的关键,主要是掉话率,接通率等主要指标,针对不同的指标,恶化导致的原因不尽相同,因此需要针对性的去优化。
本论文结合TD-SCDMA系统技术特点探讨了其无线网络规划方法和优化方法,以Z市TD-SCDMA无线网络为基础,阐述了无线网络规划的方法及流程,对无线网络仿真结果进行了分析,同时对规划建设后的网络,按照网络优化的流程,对其进行了各项优化分析,问题处理。本文的意义在于通过该文,可以指导现网中TD-SCDMA网络的规划和优化工作。
论文的主要内容有以下几个方面：
1、本文介绍了TD-SCDMA系统的关键技术特点,阐述了其关键技术对网络的影响,比较了TD-SCDMA与GSM网络的不同,指出了TD-SCDMA网络规划和优化需要关注的问题。
2、研究了TD-SCDMA无线网络规划方法,对无线网络规划目标、无线网络规划原则及内容、无线网络规划流程进行了详细的阐述。并以Z市TD-SCDMA无线网络规划为例,详细描述了无线网络规划的方法及流程。从现网目前的结果来看,无论从容量、覆盖、质量方面,文中所论述的规划方法是适用于现网规划的。
3、针对规划后建成的网络,结合TD-SCDMA网络优化的流程,对各个优化步骤进行了详细的阐述,同时结合Z市的TD-SCDMA网络,对各种优化问题进行了详细分析,提出解决方案,对解决后的效果进行了评估。按照文中提出的优化思路和方法,解决了现网中许多问题,在积累经验的同时也充实了本文,使其更具优化指导意义。
TD-SCDMA is the abbreviation of'Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access'. It is a telecom technology standard which is our national patent product. There are three popular 3G(3rd Generation) mobile communication technology standard, they are TD-SCDMA(released by China)、WCDMA(released by Europe) and CDMA2000(released by America). At 7th Jun. 2009, national information department released three 3G mobile communication business licenses in state, and authorized China Mobile Communication Group to add the 3G business service based on TD-SCDMA technology. To promote the application of self-creation technology, China Mobile accelerates the building speed of TD-SCDMA network.
TD-SCDMA system compared with other systems, using the short scrambling code, smart antennas and smart combination of joint detection, make the interference between users into a useful signal to improve the system robustness. Baton handover is a very important part of TD-SCDMA system, It avoided the handover failure problems caused by hard handover, also avoided the resource consumption caused by soft handover. The TD-SCDMA uses the dynamic channel allocation and multi-carrier technology in the greatly increased carrying capacity of the network provided the basis of a better anti-interference and system scalability.
Network planning in TD-SCDMA system is basically the same with other system. However, the particularity of TD-SCDMA technology in turn determines the planning approach with other systems are different, such as the scrambling code planning, antenna parameters, smart antenna shaped gain, cell breathing, multi-carrier applications and so on. These differences affect those planning methods and accuracy of the results.
Affecting by its technology particularity, optimization methods of TD-SCDMA system are different from GSM and WCDMA.TD-SCDMA and GSM is the main difference between multi-service support, planning great influence on the optimization of the existence of respiratory effects but not obvious; and WCDMA difference is that respiratory effects of the weak, no significant difference in different business coverage, no soft-switching, multi-frequency network, the up and down with the band and so on. This allows optimization of TD-SCDMA system must be optimized out of a own road, in order to achieve the best coverage, handover rationalizing, interference minimizing, load balancing, at the beginning stages of a single station network optimization, cluster optimization, area optimization, border optimize,the whole network optimization process, gradually achieve an optimal network coverage, and later joined the 2G/3G optimize interoperability, making TD-SCDMA networks and GSM network integration. After the commercial, OMC's statistical report provides supplementary information to better optimize the network. The key with optimization, primarily the rate dropped calls, connection rate and other key indicators, for different targets, deterioration due to different reasons, needed to optimize targeted.
This article describes the TD-SCDMA radio subsystem's planning and optimization theory according to the TD-SCDMA technical characteristics. It takes the actual TD-SCDMA radio network of city of Zhengzhou China as example, introduces how to analyze question and improve every KPIs according to the network optimization workflow.
The content of this paper is listed as followed:
1、Introducing technical characteristic of TD-SCDMA and its affection to existing network. TD-SCDMA Compared to GSM. Listing the issues we should notice in planning and optimizing the TD-SCDMA radio network.
2、Studying the theory of TD-SCDMA radio network planning. Describing the radio network planning destination、principle、related content and workflow detailed by introducing the Zhengzhou radio network planning. From the current network results, in terms of capacity, coverage, quality, the method discussed in this paper is applied to the current network planning.
3、Describing every step of optimization made to the built network after planning according to the TD-SCDMA radio network optimization workflow. With Zhengzhou TD-SCDMA actual network optimization, describing how to analyze all questions we account in optimization and work out the resolve measure and finally evaluate the effect of resolve measure. In this paper, the optimization in accordance with ideas and solutions to the many problems existing networks, but also in enriching the experience gained in this paper to make it more optimal guidance.
引文
[1]吴伟陵、牛凯移动通信原理电子工业出版社2005
[2]朱东照、罗建迪、汪丁鼎等TD-SCDMA无线网络规划设计与优化第2版人民邮电出版社2008
[3]段红光、毕敏、罗一静TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统协议体系与信令流程人民邮电出版社2007
[4]李世鹤TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统标准人民邮电出版社2003
[5]彭木根、王文博TD-SCDMA移动通信系统第3版 机械工业出版社2009
[6]段玉宏、夏国忠、胡剑等TD-SCDMA无线网络设计与规划人民邮电出版社2007
[7]万斌、高峰、李率信等TD-SCDMA无线网络评估与优化人民邮电出版社2009
[8]肖建华、梁立涛、王航TD-SCDMA无线网络优化指南人民邮电出版社2009
[9]段玉宏、夏国忠、胡剑等TD-SCDMA无线系统原理与实现人民邮电出版社2007
[10]3GPP "Requirements for support of radio.resource management (FDD)"3G TS 25.133 V 7:2.0 2005
[11]Jaana Laiho, Achim Wacker, Tomas Novosad, "Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for UMTS"电子工业出版社2004
[12]王卫东 第3代移动通信系统设计原理与规划电子工业出版社2007
[13]万斌、高峰、李率信等TD-SCDMA无线网络评估与优化人民邮电出版社2009
[14]杨丰瑞、文凯、李校林TD-SCDMA移动通信系统工程与应用人民邮电出版社2009
[15]张传福、彭灿、李巧玲等TD-SCDMA通信网络规划与设计人民邮电出版社2009
[16]啜钢TD-SCDMA无线网络规划优化及无线资源管理人民邮电出版社2007
[17]广州杰赛通信规划设计院TD-SCDMA规划设计手册人民邮电出版社2007
[18]王小奇、程广辉、杨光中国移动TD-SCDMA无线子系统设备规范_R4基本功能分册中国移动通信有限公司研究院2007
[19]马欣、丁海煜第三代移动通信系统TD-SCDMA智能天线阵列设备规范中国移动通信研究院2007
[20]张同须、李楠、高鹏TD-SCDMA网络规划与工程机械工业出版社2008
[21]赵绍刚、周兴围、任树林等TD-SCDMA网络部署、运营与优化实践电子工业出版社2009
[22]段红光、毕敏、肖理兵等TD-SCDMA网络规划优化方法与案例人民邮电出版社2008
[23]谢显中TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统技术与实现 电子工业出版社2004
[24]3GPP TS23.101 General UMTS Architecture v4.0.0 2001
[25]3GPP TS25.224 Physical layer procedures (TDD) v5.9.0 2005
[26]3GPP TS25.401 UTRAN overall description, v6.6.0 2005
[27]3GPP TS25.221 Physical channels and mapping of'transport channels onto physical channels (TDD), v5.6.0 2005
[28]3GPP TS25.301 Radio Interface Protocol Architecture v6.4.0 2005
[29]3GPP TS25.302 Services provided by the physical layer v6.1.0 2004
[30]3GPP TS 25.222 Multiplexing and channel coding (TDD)v5.7.0 2004
[31]3GPP TS25.321 MediumAccess Control (MAC) protocol specification v6.4.0 2005
[32]3GPP TS25.322 Radio Link Control(RLC) protocol specification v4.12.0 2004
[33]3GPP TS25.331 Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification v6.4.0 2004
[34]3GPP TS25.430 UTRAN Iub interface:general aspects and principles v6.4.0 2005
[35]3GPP TS25.435 UTRAN Iub Interface User Plane Protocols for Common Transport Channel data streams,v6.4.0 2006
[36]3GPP TS25.427 UTRAN Iub/Iur interface user plane protocol for DCH data streams v6.4.0 2005
[37]3GPP TS25.420 UTRAN Iur interface:general aspects and principles v6.4.0 2005
[38]3GPP TS25.410 UTRAN Iu Interface:general aspects and principles v6.4.0 2005
[2]朱东照、罗建迪、汪丁鼎等TD-SCDMA无线网络规划设计与优化第2版人民邮电出版社2008
[3]段红光、毕敏、罗一静TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统协议体系与信令流程人民邮电出版社2007
[4]李世鹤TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统标准人民邮电出版社2003
[5]彭木根、王文博TD-SCDMA移动通信系统第3版 机械工业出版社2009
[6]段玉宏、夏国忠、胡剑等TD-SCDMA无线网络设计与规划人民邮电出版社2007
[7]万斌、高峰、李率信等TD-SCDMA无线网络评估与优化人民邮电出版社2009
[8]肖建华、梁立涛、王航TD-SCDMA无线网络优化指南人民邮电出版社2009
[9]段玉宏、夏国忠、胡剑等TD-SCDMA无线系统原理与实现人民邮电出版社2007
[10]3GPP "Requirements for support of radio.resource management (FDD)"3G TS 25.133 V 7:2.0 2005
[11]Jaana Laiho, Achim Wacker, Tomas Novosad, "Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for UMTS"电子工业出版社2004
[12]王卫东 第3代移动通信系统设计原理与规划电子工业出版社2007
[13]万斌、高峰、李率信等TD-SCDMA无线网络评估与优化人民邮电出版社2009
[14]杨丰瑞、文凯、李校林TD-SCDMA移动通信系统工程与应用人民邮电出版社2009
[15]张传福、彭灿、李巧玲等TD-SCDMA通信网络规划与设计人民邮电出版社2009
[16]啜钢TD-SCDMA无线网络规划优化及无线资源管理人民邮电出版社2007
[17]广州杰赛通信规划设计院TD-SCDMA规划设计手册人民邮电出版社2007
[18]王小奇、程广辉、杨光中国移动TD-SCDMA无线子系统设备规范_R4基本功能分册中国移动通信有限公司研究院2007
[19]马欣、丁海煜第三代移动通信系统TD-SCDMA智能天线阵列设备规范中国移动通信研究院2007
[20]张同须、李楠、高鹏TD-SCDMA网络规划与工程机械工业出版社2008
[21]赵绍刚、周兴围、任树林等TD-SCDMA网络部署、运营与优化实践电子工业出版社2009
[22]段红光、毕敏、肖理兵等TD-SCDMA网络规划优化方法与案例人民邮电出版社2008
[23]谢显中TD-SCDMA第三代移动通信系统技术与实现 电子工业出版社2004
[24]3GPP TS23.101 General UMTS Architecture v4.0.0 2001
[25]3GPP TS25.224 Physical layer procedures (TDD) v5.9.0 2005
[26]3GPP TS25.401 UTRAN overall description, v6.6.0 2005
[27]3GPP TS25.221 Physical channels and mapping of'transport channels onto physical channels (TDD), v5.6.0 2005
[28]3GPP TS25.301 Radio Interface Protocol Architecture v6.4.0 2005
[29]3GPP TS25.302 Services provided by the physical layer v6.1.0 2004
[30]3GPP TS 25.222 Multiplexing and channel coding (TDD)v5.7.0 2004
[31]3GPP TS25.321 MediumAccess Control (MAC) protocol specification v6.4.0 2005
[32]3GPP TS25.322 Radio Link Control(RLC) protocol specification v4.12.0 2004
[33]3GPP TS25.331 Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification v6.4.0 2004
[34]3GPP TS25.430 UTRAN Iub interface:general aspects and principles v6.4.0 2005
[35]3GPP TS25.435 UTRAN Iub Interface User Plane Protocols for Common Transport Channel data streams,v6.4.0 2006
[36]3GPP TS25.427 UTRAN Iub/Iur interface user plane protocol for DCH data streams v6.4.0 2005
[37]3GPP TS25.420 UTRAN Iur interface:general aspects and principles v6.4.0 2005
[38]3GPP TS25.410 UTRAN Iu Interface:general aspects and principles v6.4.0 2005