基于遥感的浙江省大气SO_2时空动态与下垫面关系研究
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摘要
二氧化硫(Sulfur dioxide,SO2)作为大气中一种重要的痕量气体,是大气污染的主要成分之一,也是衡量人为大气污染的一个重要指标。大气遥感理论的发展为研究地球气候变化与大气环境提供了重要理论支持与技术手段。了解中国地区SO2分布及其变化对大气环境研究和空气质量控制等方面都有重要意义。浙江省作为全国发展最快的地区之一,已成为人类活动造成大气污染的典型区域。本文以中国浙江为例,采用经过Matlab与Arcgis预处理的2005年1月-2009年12月OMI传感器SO2大气边界层(planet Boundary Layer,pBL)柱浓度产品为主要数据源,结合时间序列MODIS-EVI数据获取的城市、农田和森林等土地利用信息,并辅助研究区气象站点监测数据,分析了浙江省大气边界层SO2的时空分布特征和变化趋势以及不同土地利用类型的SO2柱浓度差异。同时,以自然地理分区为依据,选取浙江省具有代表性的12个小城镇,研究了SO2柱浓度变化与地表植被覆盖率的关系。
研究表明:在时间尺度上,SO2柱浓度随时间推移总体呈逐年下降的趋势,并且SO2柱浓度的变化存在明显的季节性特征,其中SO2柱浓度最高值出现在冬季,最低值出现在夏季,采用正弦模型拟合结果良好,拟合精度达到0.65。在空间上,浙江省大气SO2分布明显具有地域性特征。SO2浓度最高值分布在浙北平原地区,最低值分布在浙西南山区。此外,在不同土地利用类型上,城市用地作为人类活动最为强烈的地区,SO2浓度值显著高于森林、水体等其他土地利用类型。在浙江省12个小城镇中,植被覆盖率高的城镇SO2浓度显著低于植被覆盖率低的城镇,SO2浓度与地表植被覆盖率呈负相关。
本文结果表明利用OMI SO2产品可以对特定区域大气SO2的时空动态变化进行分析,是进行区域环境遥感监测的有效手段。
Sulfur dioxide(SO2)is an important trace gas and one of the main atmospheric pollution components, and usually used as an indicator to monitor the environmental pollution. The development of theory in atmospheric remote sensing provides important theoretical support and technical means to study global climate change and atmospheric environment. Understanding the distribution of SO2 in China and its change has important significance on the atmospheric environmental research and air quality control. Being the developed district of China, Zhejiang Province is a typical region suffered from air pollutions as results of human activities. In this paper, OMI SO2 column density remotely sensed data processed by Matlab and Arcgis from 2005.1 to 2009.12 and the land use mapping using MODIS-EVI data, as well as to combine with SO2 ground measured data are get together, serve for analyzing the relationship between SO2 column densities and underlying surface of Zhejiang Province.
The relationship between SO2 column density and vegetation coverage in 12 towns is also studied. The results indicated that the SO2 column densities in Zhejiang Province decreased from 2005 to 2009, and it showed distinct regional and seasonal variation characteristics. It has the highest concentration in winter while lowest in summer. The fitting accuracy of sinusoidal model reached to 0.65. It also presents zonal distribution and decreasing from northern to southern. Under the influence of the urbanization process, the highest SO2 column densities appeared at cities and metropolises which located in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou plain, northern area of Ningbo as well as the west and east of Zhejiang. Moreover the lowest column densities appeared at the forest areas which are in the south and west of Zhejiang. In addition, it has the higher SO2 column density over urban, cropland and water while lower values over forest. The result also showed that the higher SO2 column density appeared in towns which located in northern plain of Zhejiang province with lower vegetation coverage. SO2 concentration was negatively correlated with vegetation coverage.
The results approved that the OMI SO2 column density remotely sensed data can be used in air quality monitoring at regional scale.
研究表明:在时间尺度上,SO2柱浓度随时间推移总体呈逐年下降的趋势,并且SO2柱浓度的变化存在明显的季节性特征,其中SO2柱浓度最高值出现在冬季,最低值出现在夏季,采用正弦模型拟合结果良好,拟合精度达到0.65。在空间上,浙江省大气SO2分布明显具有地域性特征。SO2浓度最高值分布在浙北平原地区,最低值分布在浙西南山区。此外,在不同土地利用类型上,城市用地作为人类活动最为强烈的地区,SO2浓度值显著高于森林、水体等其他土地利用类型。在浙江省12个小城镇中,植被覆盖率高的城镇SO2浓度显著低于植被覆盖率低的城镇,SO2浓度与地表植被覆盖率呈负相关。
本文结果表明利用OMI SO2产品可以对特定区域大气SO2的时空动态变化进行分析,是进行区域环境遥感监测的有效手段。
Sulfur dioxide(SO2)is an important trace gas and one of the main atmospheric pollution components, and usually used as an indicator to monitor the environmental pollution. The development of theory in atmospheric remote sensing provides important theoretical support and technical means to study global climate change and atmospheric environment. Understanding the distribution of SO2 in China and its change has important significance on the atmospheric environmental research and air quality control. Being the developed district of China, Zhejiang Province is a typical region suffered from air pollutions as results of human activities. In this paper, OMI SO2 column density remotely sensed data processed by Matlab and Arcgis from 2005.1 to 2009.12 and the land use mapping using MODIS-EVI data, as well as to combine with SO2 ground measured data are get together, serve for analyzing the relationship between SO2 column densities and underlying surface of Zhejiang Province.
The relationship between SO2 column density and vegetation coverage in 12 towns is also studied. The results indicated that the SO2 column densities in Zhejiang Province decreased from 2005 to 2009, and it showed distinct regional and seasonal variation characteristics. It has the highest concentration in winter while lowest in summer. The fitting accuracy of sinusoidal model reached to 0.65. It also presents zonal distribution and decreasing from northern to southern. Under the influence of the urbanization process, the highest SO2 column densities appeared at cities and metropolises which located in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou plain, northern area of Ningbo as well as the west and east of Zhejiang. Moreover the lowest column densities appeared at the forest areas which are in the south and west of Zhejiang. In addition, it has the higher SO2 column density over urban, cropland and water while lower values over forest. The result also showed that the higher SO2 column density appeared in towns which located in northern plain of Zhejiang province with lower vegetation coverage. SO2 concentration was negatively correlated with vegetation coverage.
The results approved that the OMI SO2 column density remotely sensed data can be used in air quality monitoring at regional scale.
引文
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[21]佟华,邵德民.一个模拟SO2浓度分布的数值模式研究[J].南京气象学院学报.2001,24(003):371-377.
[22]安俊岭,王自发,黄美元,陶树旺,程新金,叶红.区域空气质量数值预报模型[J].气候与环境研究.1999,4(3):244-251.
[23]范引琪.石家庄市主要大气污染的数值预报[J].气象.2001,27(004):7-11.
[24]汤洁,林年丰,赵凤琴.城市大气环境污染预警方法研究[J].城市环境.2001,6:1-3.
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