长春岭低温低压高含蜡油藏开发技术对策研究
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摘要
本文针对长春岭油田低温、低压、高含蜡的特点,在对该油田开展了多个开发试验的基础上,综合利用各种勘探开发资料,以石油地质学、开发地质学、油藏工程及油藏物理等学科理论为指导,运用油藏动态分析方法,优选出适合该油田的开发方式。
本文结合原油析蜡机理,通过一系列的原油析蜡的室内实验,分析了原油析蜡的影响因素,研究了析蜡对储层的伤害和产能的影响。结果表明,由于蜡的析出,封堵了或缩小了储层的微观孔隙,使油相渗透率大大降低,严重影响了油气的开采。
运用油藏工程方法,结合长春岭油田的地质特征和流体性质,分别对该区已开展的蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱、热水驱、火烧油层等热采试验进行开发效果评价,分析了以上开发方式开采效率低的原因,认为长春岭油田主体开发适宜采用地层水加热回注的开采方式。
在储层综合评价的基础上,利用Petrel软件,建立了长109区块的三维地质模型,包括各小层的构造模型、孔隙度模型和渗透率模型等,然后利用油藏数值模拟软件Eclipse,对该区块的水驱开发历史进行拟合。根据长109区块水驱动态分析结果,针对目前存在的问题,通过对不同井网方式、井排距、注采比、注水时机等多种开采方式的论证,对长109区块提出了多个开发调整方案,优选出了合理的开发方案,并以此来指导长春岭全区的开发。
Changchunling oil field carried out a number of development tests, according to the reservoir features of low temperature, low pressure and high wax content. Based on the test results, comprehensived utilization various exploration and development datas, be directed by theoris of petroleum geology, development geology, petroleum reservoir engineering and reservoir physics, used reservoir performance analysis methods, the paper selected the reasonable development mode of Changchunling oil filed.
Combined with crude oil wax precipitation mechanism, and by means of a series of crude oil wax experimentations, this thesis analyzed influencing factors of wax precipitation and dealed with damage of reservoir and effect on productivity caused by wax precipitation. The results indicated that the wax precipitation blocked or reduced the reservoir microscopic pore. So the oil permeability reduced greatly, and this affected oil recovery badly.
Used reservoir engineering methods, and combined with the reservoir characteristics and fluid properties of Changchunling oilfiled, this paper evaluated the development effect of thermal recovery including steam soaking, steam flooding, hot-water flooding and combustion flooding. The causes of the poor efficiency on exploitation were analyzed in the article. And it considered that Changchunling oil field development should select formation water heating reinjection to Stratum.
Based on the comprehensive evaluation on reservoir,3D geological model of chang109 block, which included the structural model, the porosity model and permeability model, was established using Petrel. Then making use of numerical reservoir simulation to try to match on water drive production historyand furthermore. According to waterflooding dynamic analysis result and in the light of the problems existing in chang109, the paper proved a various of exploitation methods from different well network pattern, well spacing, injection-production ratio and water flooding timing. A number of adjustment plans were made for developing chang109 block. Choosing an optimum plan will guide the development of the whole region.
本文结合原油析蜡机理,通过一系列的原油析蜡的室内实验,分析了原油析蜡的影响因素,研究了析蜡对储层的伤害和产能的影响。结果表明,由于蜡的析出,封堵了或缩小了储层的微观孔隙,使油相渗透率大大降低,严重影响了油气的开采。
运用油藏工程方法,结合长春岭油田的地质特征和流体性质,分别对该区已开展的蒸汽吞吐、蒸汽驱、热水驱、火烧油层等热采试验进行开发效果评价,分析了以上开发方式开采效率低的原因,认为长春岭油田主体开发适宜采用地层水加热回注的开采方式。
在储层综合评价的基础上,利用Petrel软件,建立了长109区块的三维地质模型,包括各小层的构造模型、孔隙度模型和渗透率模型等,然后利用油藏数值模拟软件Eclipse,对该区块的水驱开发历史进行拟合。根据长109区块水驱动态分析结果,针对目前存在的问题,通过对不同井网方式、井排距、注采比、注水时机等多种开采方式的论证,对长109区块提出了多个开发调整方案,优选出了合理的开发方案,并以此来指导长春岭全区的开发。
Changchunling oil field carried out a number of development tests, according to the reservoir features of low temperature, low pressure and high wax content. Based on the test results, comprehensived utilization various exploration and development datas, be directed by theoris of petroleum geology, development geology, petroleum reservoir engineering and reservoir physics, used reservoir performance analysis methods, the paper selected the reasonable development mode of Changchunling oil filed.
Combined with crude oil wax precipitation mechanism, and by means of a series of crude oil wax experimentations, this thesis analyzed influencing factors of wax precipitation and dealed with damage of reservoir and effect on productivity caused by wax precipitation. The results indicated that the wax precipitation blocked or reduced the reservoir microscopic pore. So the oil permeability reduced greatly, and this affected oil recovery badly.
Used reservoir engineering methods, and combined with the reservoir characteristics and fluid properties of Changchunling oilfiled, this paper evaluated the development effect of thermal recovery including steam soaking, steam flooding, hot-water flooding and combustion flooding. The causes of the poor efficiency on exploitation were analyzed in the article. And it considered that Changchunling oil field development should select formation water heating reinjection to Stratum.
Based on the comprehensive evaluation on reservoir,3D geological model of chang109 block, which included the structural model, the porosity model and permeability model, was established using Petrel. Then making use of numerical reservoir simulation to try to match on water drive production historyand furthermore. According to waterflooding dynamic analysis result and in the light of the problems existing in chang109, the paper proved a various of exploitation methods from different well network pattern, well spacing, injection-production ratio and water flooding timing. A number of adjustment plans were made for developing chang109 block. Choosing an optimum plan will guide the development of the whole region.
引文
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3.张金亮等.石油地质学[M].北京：石油工业出版社,2004.
4.谢俊,张金亮.油藏地质与油藏表征[M].西安：西安地图出版社,2002,18-25
5. Won K W. Thermodynamic for solid-liquid equilibria:wax formation from heavy hydrocarbon mixtures. Paper presented at the AIChE National Spring Meeting, Houston,Texas,March 1985
6. Won K W. Thermodynamic for solid-liquid-vapor equilibria:wax phase formation from heavy hydrocarbon mixtures. Paper presented at the 4th International Conference on Fluid Properties and Phase Equilibria for Chemical Process Design, Helsinger, Denmark, May11-16,1986
7. Weingarten J S, Euchner J A. Methods for predicting wax precipitation and deposition. SPE Production Engineering,1988,121-126
8. Weingarten J S, Euchner J A. Methods for predicting wax precipitation and deposition[R]. SPE 15654,1988
9. Pedersen K S, Skovborg P. Wax Precipitation from North Sea Crude Oils Thermodynamic Modeling. Energy & Fuels,1991,5:924-935
10.岳福山,董绍孚.关于原油中蜡的沉积过程[J].油田化学,1987,4：327-332.
11.马殿坤,原油中蜡的沉积及影响因素[J],油田化学,1988,No.1,64-70
12.胡和贵,戚国荣,高建厂等.不同分子结构星形降凝剂对油品降凝、降粘性能的影响[J].石油学报,2000,16(1)：40-46.
13.陈建康,张建国,王燕舞.浅谈降凝剂的作用及应用现状[J].石油科技,2003,21(6)：30-31
14.廖克俭.MAOC降凝剂的研究[J].石油炼制与化工,1998,29(1)：28-30
15.杨嘉羚,常景龙.对新型降凝剂研究的评述[J].油气储运,1997,16(5)：5-8
16.刘清林,权忠舆.含蜡原油热处理过程中若干组分的作用[J].石油学,1986,7(1)：119-126
17.杜新媛,胡冬妮,兰利生.原油中蜡的沉积和影响沉积的因素及防蜡原理[J].新疆石油学院学报,1995,7(1)：69-79
18.樱井俊男编著.石油产品添加剂[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1982
19.李露,张荣兰.影响原油生产中石蜡沉积的主要因素[J].油气田地面工程,2001,20(6)：96
20.林森,冯涛,吴迪.大庆外围油田清防蜡剂的研究与应用[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2000,19(5)：61-63
21.张世浩,李治平,杨帆.石蜡沉积对储层渗透率的影响研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,(3)：180-182
22.李传宪,张春光,孙德军,孙洁.降凝剂对蜡油中蜡析出与溶解影响的物理化学研究[J].高等学校化学学报,2003,24(8)：1451-1455
23.杨帆,李治平.石蜡沉积对储层孔隙度和渗透率的影响[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(6)：848-850
24.朱维耀,孙玉凯,徐君,鞠岩,胡永乐,罗凯.蜡沉积对凝析气田开发动态和生产的影响[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(6)：842-846
25.张劲军,朱英如,李鸿英,柳小敏,江敏.含蜡原油特征温度实验研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(4)：112-118
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