城市多水源供水优化配置的研究
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摘要
中水回用和海水利用纳入城市供水系统进行统一规划,建立城市多水源供水体系,已成为城市供水系统开发建设的新内容。这样不仅能充分利用现有各类水源,缓解水资源危机,而且使供水系统布局合理化,降低投资和运行费用,实现城市供水的可持续发展。
以城市多水源供水的优化配置为研究内容,运用环境工程、系统工程及数学规划的原理和方法,对所涉及到的有关问题进行详细研究。
从水资源优化配置的基本理论着手,结合城市供水系统基本理论,分析了多种水源的水质特点和用途,确定了城市多水源供水优化配置的目标体系和原则。
对城市多水源供水和用水系统进行分析,在大量搜集城市常规供水、中水、海水等供水工程建设投资费用的基础上,采用统计分析和非线性拟和的方法建立适合于系统的各供水工程建设投资费用模型。
从年成本费用入手,对年成本费用的各部分进行了深入详细的分析,确定以年经营费用最小为系统优化目标,满足水量、水质约束,建立包括城市常规供水系统、中水系统和海水利用系统在内的城市多水源供水系统的综合优化数学模型,采用LINGO软件包作为求解工具。
调查天津市城区的供水情况,对2010年天津市城区的需水量进行预测,建立2010年天津市区的城市多水源供水年成本费用模型,并借助于LINGO软件求解模型,结合实际供水情况得到多水源供水的最优化配置方案。通过对结果的分析,验证了多水源供水数学模型的合理性和可靠性。
It is a new direction to set up urban multi-water supply system,which brings reclaimed-water reuse and seawater utilization into it. In this way, it can not only make full use of existing water resources, but also decrease the crisis of water resource shortage. Furthermore, it can rationalize the layout of water supply, reduce investment and operating costs, and then realize the sustainable development of urban water supply.
This paper is mainly about optimal allocation of water in urban multi-water supply system. With the theory of environmental engineering, system engineering, and mathematical programming methods adopted, it makes a detailed research into the correlative problems of urban multi-water resources supply system.
The paper reviews the basic theory of optimal allocation of water resources and urban water supply system. Then the objects and principles system of urban multi-water supply system are established, with the traits and use of existing water resources being analyzed.
The system of urban multi-water supply and use is analyzed. Based on plentiful construction investment data of water supply project collected, corresponding cost models of urban water supply projects are established. During modeling, the statistical analysis and non-linear simulating is conducted to deal with the data.
Starting with the annual cost, the paper analyzes every parts of it carefully and thoroughly. With the object of minimizing the system annual cost and satisfying the requirements of water quantity and water quality, the integrated optimal model is established, and will be solved by LINGO, a mathematical tool.
The water demand of Tianjin city in 2010 is forecasted. Based on the research forgoing, corresponding optimal model of water supply is established, and then solved by means of LINGO tool. According with the fact, optimal allocation scheme on Tianjin urban multi-water supply is obtained,as the requirements are satisfied. The annual cost model of urban multi-water supply is reasonable and credible via the analysis of result.
以城市多水源供水的优化配置为研究内容,运用环境工程、系统工程及数学规划的原理和方法,对所涉及到的有关问题进行详细研究。
从水资源优化配置的基本理论着手,结合城市供水系统基本理论,分析了多种水源的水质特点和用途,确定了城市多水源供水优化配置的目标体系和原则。
对城市多水源供水和用水系统进行分析,在大量搜集城市常规供水、中水、海水等供水工程建设投资费用的基础上,采用统计分析和非线性拟和的方法建立适合于系统的各供水工程建设投资费用模型。
从年成本费用入手,对年成本费用的各部分进行了深入详细的分析,确定以年经营费用最小为系统优化目标,满足水量、水质约束,建立包括城市常规供水系统、中水系统和海水利用系统在内的城市多水源供水系统的综合优化数学模型,采用LINGO软件包作为求解工具。
调查天津市城区的供水情况,对2010年天津市城区的需水量进行预测,建立2010年天津市区的城市多水源供水年成本费用模型,并借助于LINGO软件求解模型,结合实际供水情况得到多水源供水的最优化配置方案。通过对结果的分析,验证了多水源供水数学模型的合理性和可靠性。
It is a new direction to set up urban multi-water supply system,which brings reclaimed-water reuse and seawater utilization into it. In this way, it can not only make full use of existing water resources, but also decrease the crisis of water resource shortage. Furthermore, it can rationalize the layout of water supply, reduce investment and operating costs, and then realize the sustainable development of urban water supply.
This paper is mainly about optimal allocation of water in urban multi-water supply system. With the theory of environmental engineering, system engineering, and mathematical programming methods adopted, it makes a detailed research into the correlative problems of urban multi-water resources supply system.
The paper reviews the basic theory of optimal allocation of water resources and urban water supply system. Then the objects and principles system of urban multi-water supply system are established, with the traits and use of existing water resources being analyzed.
The system of urban multi-water supply and use is analyzed. Based on plentiful construction investment data of water supply project collected, corresponding cost models of urban water supply projects are established. During modeling, the statistical analysis and non-linear simulating is conducted to deal with the data.
Starting with the annual cost, the paper analyzes every parts of it carefully and thoroughly. With the object of minimizing the system annual cost and satisfying the requirements of water quantity and water quality, the integrated optimal model is established, and will be solved by LINGO, a mathematical tool.
The water demand of Tianjin city in 2010 is forecasted. Based on the research forgoing, corresponding optimal model of water supply is established, and then solved by means of LINGO tool. According with the fact, optimal allocation scheme on Tianjin urban multi-water supply is obtained,as the requirements are satisfied. The annual cost model of urban multi-water supply is reasonable and credible via the analysis of result.
引文
[1] 康雪.以生命的意义——中国水资源问题的思考[M].福州:福建教育出版社,2002.
[2] 牛晗.城市水资源合理化开发利用[J].工程勘察,2005,(4):23~27.
[3] 王屏.解决我国城市水资源短缺必须五策并举[N].国际商贸,2001-6-22,第 002 版(中国经贸).
[4] 冯尚友.水资源持续利用与管理导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[5] 贺学海.水资源管理模型的研究过程和发展趋势[J].水文地质与工程地质,1997,(5):24~26.
[6] [美]N.伯拉斯.水资源科学分配[M].戴国瑞译.北京:水利水电出版社,1983.
[7] W.Yu, Y.Y.Haimes.Multilevel Optimization for Conjunctive Use of Groundwater and Surface Water[J].Water.Res.1974,10(4):625~636.
[8] R.Willis,P.Lill.Optimization Model for Ground Water Planning[J].Journal of Water Resource Planning and Mangement,1984,(3):333~347.
[9] Nathant, Bruas.地表地下水系统动态管理[M].水文地质工程地质译丛.1993 (2):1~8.
[10] Watkins David W , Jr McKinney , Daene C Robust . Optimization for incorporating risk and uncertainty in sustainable water resources planning [J] . International Association of Hydrological Sciences , 1995 , 231(13): 225~232.
[11] Wong Hugh S,Sun Ne-zheng.Optimization of conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater with water quality constraints[A].Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference[C].Sponsored by:ASCE,1997.
[12] 吴泽宁,索丽生.水资源优化配置研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2004,23(2):1~5.
[13] Malmqvist P A.Sustainable urban water management.Vatten, 1999,(55):7~17.
[14] 王浩,杨小柳,甘泓.水资源优化配置研究的现状和未来[C].科技进步与学科发展——“科学技术面向新世纪”学术年会论文集,1998.
[15] 曾赛星,李寿声.灌溉水量分配大系统分解协调模型[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,1990,18(1):67~75.
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[17] 吴险峰,王丽萍.枣庄城市复杂多水源供水优化配置模型[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,2000,33(1):30~32,62.
[18] 王维平,范明元.缺水地区枯水期城市水资源预分配管理模型[J].水利学报,2003,34(3):60~65.
[19] 谢新民,岳春芳,阮本清,等.珠海市优化配置的水资源安全保障体系综合规划[R].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2003.
[20] 尤祥瑜,谢新民,孙仕军,等.我国水资源配置模型研究现状与展望[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2004,2(2):131~140.
[21] 柳长顺,陈献,刘昌明,等.国外流域水资源配置模型研究进展[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(5):522~524.
[22] 邓建绵,刘铁军.关于我国水资源优化配置的研究[J].中国工程咨询.2004,47(7):35~36.
[23] 许新宜,王浩,甘泓,等.华北地区宏观经济水资源规划理论与方法[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1999.
[24] 刘 默,赵加敏,蒋福春.水资源优化配置的分析[J].国土与自然资源研究,2005(2):81~82.
[25] 顾妍平.多水源多用户大连市水资源优化配置.硕士学位论文,大连理工大学研究生院,2004.
[26] 沈光范,徐强.积极稳妥地开展中水回用工作[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(4):31~32.
[27] 周红,谢鸿楠,王恩祥.浅谈节约用水与再生水利用[J].资源节约与环保,2005,21(6):18~19.
[28] 董立新.浅谈天津市的海水利用[J].天津科技,2004(4):46~47.
[29] 韩雁,许士国.城市多水源多用户合理配置研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2005,24(5):649~652.
[30] 卢开澄.单目标、多目标与整数规划[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[31] 张有为.动态规划[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1991.
[32] 左军.多目标决策分析[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1991.
[33] 李人厚,邵福庆.大系统的递阶与分散控制[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1987.
[34] 许友鹏,付重林,徐梦洁.城市水资源与水环境[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2003.
[35] 戴慎志,陈践.城市给水排水工程规划[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2001.
[36] 张雨山,王静.海水利用技术问答[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2003.
[37] 王世昌.海水淡化工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[38] 上海市政工程设计研究院,给水排水设计手册·第 10 册·技术经济[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[39] 赵玲萍.中水系统纳入城市给排水系统综合规划的优化研究.硕士学位论文,天津大学研究生院,2004.
[40] Robert M C,Paul D. A Model of Costs for Treating Drinking Water[J].Journal American Water Works Association,1982,74(2):618~627.
[41] 傅国伟.给水排水系统优化导论(一) [J].中国给水排水,1987,3(4):45~50.
[42] 田一梅,赵新华,张雅君.城市自来水与中水系统综合规划的系统优化研究[J].中国给水排水,2001,27(5):23~27.
[43] 王和平.给水排水工程概预算[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[44] 周律.给水排水工程技术经济与造价管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[45] 王利平.水工程概预算与技术经济评价[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[46] 余俊,廖道训.最优化方法与其应用[M].武汉:华中工学院出版社,1984.
[47] 姚恩瑜,何勇,陈仕平.数学规划与组合优化[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2001.
[48] 袁新生,廖大庆.用 LINGO6.0 求解大型数学规划[J].工科数学,2001,17(5):73~77.
[49] 张宏伟,牛志广.LINGO8.0 及其在环境系统优化中的应用[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2005.
[50] 何坚勇.运筹学基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[51] 朱德通.最优化模型与实验[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2003.
[2] 牛晗.城市水资源合理化开发利用[J].工程勘察,2005,(4):23~27.
[3] 王屏.解决我国城市水资源短缺必须五策并举[N].国际商贸,2001-6-22,第 002 版(中国经贸).
[4] 冯尚友.水资源持续利用与管理导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[5] 贺学海.水资源管理模型的研究过程和发展趋势[J].水文地质与工程地质,1997,(5):24~26.
[6] [美]N.伯拉斯.水资源科学分配[M].戴国瑞译.北京:水利水电出版社,1983.
[7] W.Yu, Y.Y.Haimes.Multilevel Optimization for Conjunctive Use of Groundwater and Surface Water[J].Water.Res.1974,10(4):625~636.
[8] R.Willis,P.Lill.Optimization Model for Ground Water Planning[J].Journal of Water Resource Planning and Mangement,1984,(3):333~347.
[9] Nathant, Bruas.地表地下水系统动态管理[M].水文地质工程地质译丛.1993 (2):1~8.
[10] Watkins David W , Jr McKinney , Daene C Robust . Optimization for incorporating risk and uncertainty in sustainable water resources planning [J] . International Association of Hydrological Sciences , 1995 , 231(13): 225~232.
[11] Wong Hugh S,Sun Ne-zheng.Optimization of conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater with water quality constraints[A].Proceedings of the Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference[C].Sponsored by:ASCE,1997.
[12] 吴泽宁,索丽生.水资源优化配置研究进展[J].灌溉排水学报,2004,23(2):1~5.
[13] Malmqvist P A.Sustainable urban water management.Vatten, 1999,(55):7~17.
[14] 王浩,杨小柳,甘泓.水资源优化配置研究的现状和未来[C].科技进步与学科发展——“科学技术面向新世纪”学术年会论文集,1998.
[15] 曾赛星,李寿声.灌溉水量分配大系统分解协调模型[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,1990,18(1):67~75.
[16] 叶永毅,黄守信.水资源大系统优化规划与优化调度经验汇编[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1995.
[17] 吴险峰,王丽萍.枣庄城市复杂多水源供水优化配置模型[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,2000,33(1):30~32,62.
[18] 王维平,范明元.缺水地区枯水期城市水资源预分配管理模型[J].水利学报,2003,34(3):60~65.
[19] 谢新民,岳春芳,阮本清,等.珠海市优化配置的水资源安全保障体系综合规划[R].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2003.
[20] 尤祥瑜,谢新民,孙仕军,等.我国水资源配置模型研究现状与展望[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2004,2(2):131~140.
[21] 柳长顺,陈献,刘昌明,等.国外流域水资源配置模型研究进展[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(5):522~524.
[22] 邓建绵,刘铁军.关于我国水资源优化配置的研究[J].中国工程咨询.2004,47(7):35~36.
[23] 许新宜,王浩,甘泓,等.华北地区宏观经济水资源规划理论与方法[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1999.
[24] 刘 默,赵加敏,蒋福春.水资源优化配置的分析[J].国土与自然资源研究,2005(2):81~82.
[25] 顾妍平.多水源多用户大连市水资源优化配置.硕士学位论文,大连理工大学研究生院,2004.
[26] 沈光范,徐强.积极稳妥地开展中水回用工作[J].中国给水排水,2001,17(4):31~32.
[27] 周红,谢鸿楠,王恩祥.浅谈节约用水与再生水利用[J].资源节约与环保,2005,21(6):18~19.
[28] 董立新.浅谈天津市的海水利用[J].天津科技,2004(4):46~47.
[29] 韩雁,许士国.城市多水源多用户合理配置研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2005,24(5):649~652.
[30] 卢开澄.单目标、多目标与整数规划[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[31] 张有为.动态规划[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1991.
[32] 左军.多目标决策分析[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1991.
[33] 李人厚,邵福庆.大系统的递阶与分散控制[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1987.
[34] 许友鹏,付重林,徐梦洁.城市水资源与水环境[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2003.
[35] 戴慎志,陈践.城市给水排水工程规划[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2001.
[36] 张雨山,王静.海水利用技术问答[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2003.
[37] 王世昌.海水淡化工程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003.
[38] 上海市政工程设计研究院,给水排水设计手册·第 10 册·技术经济[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[39] 赵玲萍.中水系统纳入城市给排水系统综合规划的优化研究.硕士学位论文,天津大学研究生院,2004.
[40] Robert M C,Paul D. A Model of Costs for Treating Drinking Water[J].Journal American Water Works Association,1982,74(2):618~627.
[41] 傅国伟.给水排水系统优化导论(一) [J].中国给水排水,1987,3(4):45~50.
[42] 田一梅,赵新华,张雅君.城市自来水与中水系统综合规划的系统优化研究[J].中国给水排水,2001,27(5):23~27.
[43] 王和平.给水排水工程概预算[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[44] 周律.给水排水工程技术经济与造价管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[45] 王利平.水工程概预算与技术经济评价[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[46] 余俊,廖道训.最优化方法与其应用[M].武汉:华中工学院出版社,1984.
[47] 姚恩瑜,何勇,陈仕平.数学规划与组合优化[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2001.
[48] 袁新生,廖大庆.用 LINGO6.0 求解大型数学规划[J].工科数学,2001,17(5):73~77.
[49] 张宏伟,牛志广.LINGO8.0 及其在环境系统优化中的应用[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2005.
[50] 何坚勇.运筹学基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000.
[51] 朱德通.最优化模型与实验[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2003.