两相超音速流动及增压换热器设计
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摘要
增压换热器是一种能提高流体压力而不直接消耗机械能的设备,因其结构简单可靠、运转费用低廉而在很多领域得到广泛应用。增压换热器虽然结构简单,但其设备内部流体的超音速混合过程非常复杂,存在着激波、边界层、剪切层的交互作用,混合机理尚不清楚。本课题从两相流音速计算和激波产生机理入手,设计了增压换热器,结合具体实验对增压换热器的特性进行深入研究,为工作参数及结构参数的优化设计提供理论依据。本文的主要研究结果如下:
①在分析增压换热器内两相流动规律基础上,给出了喷射器的特性方程,设计了增压换热器的蒸汽喷嘴和混合腔的结构尺寸。
②实验所得的增压换热器的出口热水压力均不同程度高于入口工作蒸汽压力,最高时可达1.5倍左右,很好的证明了该喷射器的增压效果,和理论分析吻合较好。
③提高工作流体压力有助于提高喷射器的喷射系数及升压性能。
④被引射流体压力越高,越容易被抽吸,喷射系数越高。
⑤喷嘴出口面积和混合腔喉部结构对喷射器的喷射系数影响较大。
Ejector with pressure gain has been used in a variety of applications due to their simplicity, reliability and versatility. Though the structure of ejector with pressure gain is very simple, the supersonic flow in the equipment is very complex because of the interaction of shock wave, boundary layer, and shear layer. The mix mechanism is not very clear. In this paper, begin with the calculation of the sound velocity and the analysis of the emergence of shock wave, we prepared an experiment for the further study of the characteristics of the ejector, supply the frame of reference for the design of geometrical factors and work factors. Main contributions of the paper are as follows:
①Based on the law of two-phase flow in the ejector with pressure gain, according to its characteristic equation, full dimensions were designed, and the dimension of each part was given in detail.
②According to the experiment, the pressure of exit hot water was more or less higher than the entrance working steam the maximum is up to 1.5 times. The effect of pressure gain was well proved. This was in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
③Increasing the pressure of working fluid is helpful for the eject coefficient and lift-pressure capability.
④The higher the pressure of inject fluid, the easier it was sucked and the bigger the eject coefficient was.
⑤The exit area of the nozzle and the throat structure of mixing chamber have great impact on eject coefficient.
①在分析增压换热器内两相流动规律基础上,给出了喷射器的特性方程,设计了增压换热器的蒸汽喷嘴和混合腔的结构尺寸。
②实验所得的增压换热器的出口热水压力均不同程度高于入口工作蒸汽压力,最高时可达1.5倍左右,很好的证明了该喷射器的增压效果,和理论分析吻合较好。
③提高工作流体压力有助于提高喷射器的喷射系数及升压性能。
④被引射流体压力越高,越容易被抽吸,喷射系数越高。
⑤喷嘴出口面积和混合腔喉部结构对喷射器的喷射系数影响较大。
Ejector with pressure gain has been used in a variety of applications due to their simplicity, reliability and versatility. Though the structure of ejector with pressure gain is very simple, the supersonic flow in the equipment is very complex because of the interaction of shock wave, boundary layer, and shear layer. The mix mechanism is not very clear. In this paper, begin with the calculation of the sound velocity and the analysis of the emergence of shock wave, we prepared an experiment for the further study of the characteristics of the ejector, supply the frame of reference for the design of geometrical factors and work factors. Main contributions of the paper are as follows:
①Based on the law of two-phase flow in the ejector with pressure gain, according to its characteristic equation, full dimensions were designed, and the dimension of each part was given in detail.
②According to the experiment, the pressure of exit hot water was more or less higher than the entrance working steam the maximum is up to 1.5 times. The effect of pressure gain was well proved. This was in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
③Increasing the pressure of working fluid is helpful for the eject coefficient and lift-pressure capability.
④The higher the pressure of inject fluid, the easier it was sucked and the bigger the eject coefficient was.
⑤The exit area of the nozzle and the throat structure of mixing chamber have great impact on eject coefficient.
引文
[1] http://www.cndss.net/Article_Print.asp?ArticleID=84310国家能源办副主任、国家发改委能源局局长徐锭明同志在APEC可再生能源研讨会上的讲话.
[2] http://www.zhongjie18.com/jnhb_01.html中投洁天实业发展有限公司.
[3]彭云康,赵良举,倪永君等.增压换热器在先进压水堆应用的可行性研究.核动力工程,2002,23 (3) :76-78.
[4]姜淑卿译,陈家琅校.管线中的气液两相流.国外油田工程.1995,1.42-56.
[5]卜桂芝.两相流译文集.中国石油天然气总公司信息研究所.1993.
[6]陈家琅.气液两相管流.第一版.石油工业出版社.1989.8-106.
[7] M. Acikgoz. An Experimental Study of Three–Phase Flow Regimes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow. 1992(3)18.327-336.
[8]刘定智.多相混输技术的研究及其应用[M].西南石油学院.2003.
[9]冯叔初,郭揆常,王学敏.油气集输.第一版.北京:石油大学出版社.1988.
[10]李玉星,冯叔初.油气水多相管流.石油大学研究生院.2000.
[11] Baker A, Nielsen k, Gabb A. Pressure loss, Liquid-Holdup Calculations Developed. Oil & Gas Journal. Mar 14, 1988.78-86.
[12] J. H. Keenan, and E .P. Neumann. A simple air ejector. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1942. 64:75-78.
[13] Nguyen DL. Sonic velocity in two-phase system. Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 1976, 2:453-464.
[14]柏实义著,施宁光等译.二相流动[M].国防工业出版社,1985.
[15]高宗英.气液两相介质中压力波传播速度的研究.工程热物理学报,1984,5(2):200-205.
[16]王伯年,曹伟武,赵在三.对于均匀双相流体冻结音速的分析.工程热物理学报,2000,21(5): 623-627.
[17]徐进良,陈听宽.汽液两相流中的声速研究[J].西安交通大学学报,1994,28(5):73-81.
[18]刘大有.两相速度平衡条件下的两相流声速[J].力学学报,1990.22(6):660-669.
[19]赵建福.掺气水流可压缩特性的研究[D],湖北:武汉水利电力大学,1998.
[20]赵良举,曾丹苓,袁鹏等.两相流超音速流动、激波及其应用研究[J].热能动力工程,2002,17(4):332-335.
[21]赵良举,曾丹苓,袁鹏等.汽液两相混合物的加速流动与激波的热力学分析.工程热物理学报,2001,22(3): 284-286.
[22]赵良举,非平衡两相热流体的流动、激波及其应用研究[D],重庆:重庆大学,2001.
[23]纪俊红,气固两相流理论在城市生活垃圾风力分选处理的应用研究[M],辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2006.
[24] Hisham El-Dessouky, Hisham Ettouney, Imad Alatiqi, Ghada Al-Nuwaibit, Evaluation of steam jet ejectors, Chemical Engineering and Processing 41 (2002) 551-561.
[25] KEENAN J H. NECMAN E P. A simple air ejector[J],J Applied Mechanics,Trans ASME,1942,64:A75-A81.
[26] ELROD H C. The theory of ejector[J]. J Applied Mechanics, Trans ASME, 1945,67: A170-174.
[27] J.H.Keenan and E.P.Neumann, A simple air ejector, J. Appled Mechanics, Trans. ASME, 64(1942):A75-A81.
[28] J.H.Keenan and E.P.Neumann, An investigation of ejector design by analysis and experiment, J. Appled Mechanics, Trans. ASME, 72 (1950):299-309.
[29] L.S.Harris, A.S.Fischer, Characteristics of the steam-jet vacuum pump, J.Engng. Ind. 86 (1954) :358-364.
[30] G.CATTADORI, L.GALBIATI, L.MAZZOCCHI, P.VANINI. A single-stage high-pressure steam injector for next generation reactors -test results and analysis. Int. J. Multiphase Flow. 1995, 21(4):591-601.
[31] Tadashi Narabayashi, Wataru Mizumachi, Michitugu Mori. Study on two-phase flow dynamics in steam injectors. Nuclear Engineering and Design .1997, 175:147-156.
[32] Hikmet S. Aybar, Nabil Beithou. Passive core injection system with steam driven jet pump for next generation nuclear reactors. Annals of Nuclear Energy 1999, 26:769-781.
[33] N.Debeme, J.F.Leone, A.Duque, A.Lallemand. A model for calculation of steam injector performance. Multiphase Flow .25(1999):841-855.
[34] Narabayashi T. Mizumachi W. Mori M. etal. Study on two-phase flow dynamics in steam injectorsⅡ. High-pressure texts using scale-models. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 2000 ,200 : 261-271.
[35]严俊杰,刘继平,林万超等.变截面超音速汽液两相流升压过程的研究.工程热物理学报,2003, 24(4): 599-602
[36]刘继平,严俊杰,刑秦安等.超音速汽液两相流升压过程中的两相温差的实验研究.核动力工程,2004, 25(2): 109-112.
[37]严俊杰,刘继平,林万超,等.汽液两相流激波升压装置的机理研究[J].核动力工程,2001,22(6):490-493.
[38]阳剑平,郭迎利,严俊杰等.超音速气液两相流升压装置混合腔阳力研究.热力发电,2004(10):26-29.
[39]程富强.环周进汽的汽-液两相流喷射升压装置研究[D].西安交通大学硕士学位论文,西安,2002.
[40]刘继平,严俊杰,林万超等.饱和蒸汽在高速过冷水射流外凝结换热的数值模拟[J].西安交通大学学报,2001,35(5):490-493.
[41]邵树峰,严俊杰,刘继平等.超音速两相流极限升压能力的理论与试验研究.工程热物理学报,2005,26(2):267-270.
[42]徐海涛,桑芝富等.蒸汽喷射器喷射系数计算的热力学模型.化工学报,2004,55 (5):704-709.
[43]徐海涛,蒸汽喷射器的理论及数值研究[D],南京:南京工业大学,2003.
[44]张少维,徐海涛,桑芝富等.新型喷嘴结构下蒸汽喷射式热泵性能的数值研究.热能动力工程,2004,19 (5):508-513.
[45]徐海涛,桑芝富等.蒸汽喷射式热泵变工况性能分析.热能动力工程,2003,18(4):395-400.
[46]祝金丹,张少维,桑芝富等.蒸汽喷射器用双喷嘴结构性能的数值研究.南京工业大学2005,27 (5):70-73.
[47]李海军,沈胜强,张博,李素芬等.蒸汽喷射器流动参数与性能的数值分析.热科学与技术,2005,4 (1):52-56.
[48]张博,喷射器与太阳能喷射式制冷系统研究[D],大连:大连理工大学,2003.
[49]李素芬,沈胜强,刘岚等.蒸汽喷射器超音速喷射流场的数值分析,中国造纸,2001,6:33-35.
[50]李海青等.两相流参数检测及应用.杭州:浙江大学出版社.1991年.
[51]林宗虎等.汽液两相流动漩涡脱落特性及工程应用.北京化学工业出版社.2001.
[52]何川等.工程流体力学.重庆大学出版社.2002年.
[53]肖艳,曾丹苓.汽液两相介质中的音速.福建师范大学学报. 2002, 3(18):43-45.
[54] Cattadori Galbiati L, Mazzcchi L, et a1.Asingle-stage high pressure steam injector for next generation reactors;test results and analysis[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 1995, 21(4):591-606.
[55] Deberne N, Leone J F, Duque A, et al, A model for calculation of steam injector performance[J], International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1999.25(5):8411855.
[56] Tadashi Narabayashi, Miehitsugu Moli, Mikihide Naka.maru, et a1, Study on two-phase flow dynamics in steam injectors[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2000, 200(a):261-271.
[57] Vilaoent P Manno, Abdelouhab A Dehbi . A nore : a model of steam injector performance[J].Chem Eng Commn,1990.95(1);l07-119.
[58] Cattadori G, Galbiati L, Mazzocchi L,et al.A single-stage highpressure steam injector for next generation reactors:test results and analysis.Int Journal of Multiphase Flow,1995,212 (40):591-606.
[59]彭岚.蒸汽喷射泵设计指导书.重庆大学出版社. 2000, 11.7-10.
[60]李海军,喷射器性能、结构及特殊流动现象研究[D],辽宁:大连理工学,2004.
[2] http://www.zhongjie18.com/jnhb_01.html中投洁天实业发展有限公司.
[3]彭云康,赵良举,倪永君等.增压换热器在先进压水堆应用的可行性研究.核动力工程,2002,23 (3) :76-78.
[4]姜淑卿译,陈家琅校.管线中的气液两相流.国外油田工程.1995,1.42-56.
[5]卜桂芝.两相流译文集.中国石油天然气总公司信息研究所.1993.
[6]陈家琅.气液两相管流.第一版.石油工业出版社.1989.8-106.
[7] M. Acikgoz. An Experimental Study of Three–Phase Flow Regimes. Int. J. Multiphase Flow. 1992(3)18.327-336.
[8]刘定智.多相混输技术的研究及其应用[M].西南石油学院.2003.
[9]冯叔初,郭揆常,王学敏.油气集输.第一版.北京:石油大学出版社.1988.
[10]李玉星,冯叔初.油气水多相管流.石油大学研究生院.2000.
[11] Baker A, Nielsen k, Gabb A. Pressure loss, Liquid-Holdup Calculations Developed. Oil & Gas Journal. Mar 14, 1988.78-86.
[12] J. H. Keenan, and E .P. Neumann. A simple air ejector. ASME Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1942. 64:75-78.
[13] Nguyen DL. Sonic velocity in two-phase system. Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 1976, 2:453-464.
[14]柏实义著,施宁光等译.二相流动[M].国防工业出版社,1985.
[15]高宗英.气液两相介质中压力波传播速度的研究.工程热物理学报,1984,5(2):200-205.
[16]王伯年,曹伟武,赵在三.对于均匀双相流体冻结音速的分析.工程热物理学报,2000,21(5): 623-627.
[17]徐进良,陈听宽.汽液两相流中的声速研究[J].西安交通大学学报,1994,28(5):73-81.
[18]刘大有.两相速度平衡条件下的两相流声速[J].力学学报,1990.22(6):660-669.
[19]赵建福.掺气水流可压缩特性的研究[D],湖北:武汉水利电力大学,1998.
[20]赵良举,曾丹苓,袁鹏等.两相流超音速流动、激波及其应用研究[J].热能动力工程,2002,17(4):332-335.
[21]赵良举,曾丹苓,袁鹏等.汽液两相混合物的加速流动与激波的热力学分析.工程热物理学报,2001,22(3): 284-286.
[22]赵良举,非平衡两相热流体的流动、激波及其应用研究[D],重庆:重庆大学,2001.
[23]纪俊红,气固两相流理论在城市生活垃圾风力分选处理的应用研究[M],辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2006.
[24] Hisham El-Dessouky, Hisham Ettouney, Imad Alatiqi, Ghada Al-Nuwaibit, Evaluation of steam jet ejectors, Chemical Engineering and Processing 41 (2002) 551-561.
[25] KEENAN J H. NECMAN E P. A simple air ejector[J],J Applied Mechanics,Trans ASME,1942,64:A75-A81.
[26] ELROD H C. The theory of ejector[J]. J Applied Mechanics, Trans ASME, 1945,67: A170-174.
[27] J.H.Keenan and E.P.Neumann, A simple air ejector, J. Appled Mechanics, Trans. ASME, 64(1942):A75-A81.
[28] J.H.Keenan and E.P.Neumann, An investigation of ejector design by analysis and experiment, J. Appled Mechanics, Trans. ASME, 72 (1950):299-309.
[29] L.S.Harris, A.S.Fischer, Characteristics of the steam-jet vacuum pump, J.Engng. Ind. 86 (1954) :358-364.
[30] G.CATTADORI, L.GALBIATI, L.MAZZOCCHI, P.VANINI. A single-stage high-pressure steam injector for next generation reactors -test results and analysis. Int. J. Multiphase Flow. 1995, 21(4):591-601.
[31] Tadashi Narabayashi, Wataru Mizumachi, Michitugu Mori. Study on two-phase flow dynamics in steam injectors. Nuclear Engineering and Design .1997, 175:147-156.
[32] Hikmet S. Aybar, Nabil Beithou. Passive core injection system with steam driven jet pump for next generation nuclear reactors. Annals of Nuclear Energy 1999, 26:769-781.
[33] N.Debeme, J.F.Leone, A.Duque, A.Lallemand. A model for calculation of steam injector performance. Multiphase Flow .25(1999):841-855.
[34] Narabayashi T. Mizumachi W. Mori M. etal. Study on two-phase flow dynamics in steam injectorsⅡ. High-pressure texts using scale-models. Nuclear Engineering and Design. 2000 ,200 : 261-271.
[35]严俊杰,刘继平,林万超等.变截面超音速汽液两相流升压过程的研究.工程热物理学报,2003, 24(4): 599-602
[36]刘继平,严俊杰,刑秦安等.超音速汽液两相流升压过程中的两相温差的实验研究.核动力工程,2004, 25(2): 109-112.
[37]严俊杰,刘继平,林万超,等.汽液两相流激波升压装置的机理研究[J].核动力工程,2001,22(6):490-493.
[38]阳剑平,郭迎利,严俊杰等.超音速气液两相流升压装置混合腔阳力研究.热力发电,2004(10):26-29.
[39]程富强.环周进汽的汽-液两相流喷射升压装置研究[D].西安交通大学硕士学位论文,西安,2002.
[40]刘继平,严俊杰,林万超等.饱和蒸汽在高速过冷水射流外凝结换热的数值模拟[J].西安交通大学学报,2001,35(5):490-493.
[41]邵树峰,严俊杰,刘继平等.超音速两相流极限升压能力的理论与试验研究.工程热物理学报,2005,26(2):267-270.
[42]徐海涛,桑芝富等.蒸汽喷射器喷射系数计算的热力学模型.化工学报,2004,55 (5):704-709.
[43]徐海涛,蒸汽喷射器的理论及数值研究[D],南京:南京工业大学,2003.
[44]张少维,徐海涛,桑芝富等.新型喷嘴结构下蒸汽喷射式热泵性能的数值研究.热能动力工程,2004,19 (5):508-513.
[45]徐海涛,桑芝富等.蒸汽喷射式热泵变工况性能分析.热能动力工程,2003,18(4):395-400.
[46]祝金丹,张少维,桑芝富等.蒸汽喷射器用双喷嘴结构性能的数值研究.南京工业大学2005,27 (5):70-73.
[47]李海军,沈胜强,张博,李素芬等.蒸汽喷射器流动参数与性能的数值分析.热科学与技术,2005,4 (1):52-56.
[48]张博,喷射器与太阳能喷射式制冷系统研究[D],大连:大连理工大学,2003.
[49]李素芬,沈胜强,刘岚等.蒸汽喷射器超音速喷射流场的数值分析,中国造纸,2001,6:33-35.
[50]李海青等.两相流参数检测及应用.杭州:浙江大学出版社.1991年.
[51]林宗虎等.汽液两相流动漩涡脱落特性及工程应用.北京化学工业出版社.2001.
[52]何川等.工程流体力学.重庆大学出版社.2002年.
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