离子液体—蛋白酶处理对羊毛表面性能的影响
摘要
采用蛋白酶对羊毛进行生物整理以其环保性正受到人们的日益重视,但是羊毛鳞片层表面的类脂结构以及鳞片外层中大量存在的二硫键严重制约了蛋白酶对鳞片的水解,大大削弱了其处理效果。因此,采用蛋白酶对羊毛进行生物加工时,首先需要对羊毛的鳞片层进行预处理改性,为蛋白酶攻击鳞片层下方的蛋白质做好铺垫,而且预处理的方法和程度对蛋白酶的处理效果起着非常重要的作用。所以,选择一种高效、环保的预处理方法对蛋白酶的生物加工无疑会起到非常积极的作用。
有鉴于此,本文将低挥发、易回收、热稳定性好、溶解能力强的新型环保溶剂—离子液体引入到羊毛加工过程中,将其作为蛋白酶整理的预处理方法。文章详细研究了离子液体-蛋白酶处理对羊毛各项性能,特别是表面性能的影响;同时探讨了离子液体对蛋白酶水解的促进机理。文章的主要研究结论如下:
1.在[BMIM]Cl、[BMIM]BF4和[BMIM]PF6三种离子液体中,[BMIM]Cl处理对羊毛的减量效果最好。
羊毛经过[BMIM]Cl(100℃/10min)处理后,蛋白酶对其减量效果可提升约53.3%。对[BMIM]Cl改性条件的进一步研究可以发现,温度对离子液体的溶解减量效果影响较大,处理温度为80℃时,蛋白酶对羊毛的减量率只有2.41%,而当温度升高到120℃时,减量率可达到9.96%。虽然提高温度可以显著提升其改性效果,但是随着温度的提高,离子液体处理对羊毛造成的损伤程度也在增大,100℃处理时,羊毛碱溶解度只有14.3%,而120℃处理时,碱溶解度则会升高到23.3%。
2.离子液体-蛋白酶处理能够明显改善羊毛的润湿性能。
仅经过蛋白酶处理后的织物,其水滴润湿时间>1800s,接触角>110o,羊毛表面润湿性能基本没有改善;而经过[BMIM]Cl 100℃/10min处理后的织物,其润湿时间和润湿接触角分别降至1418s和106.4o,这说明离子液体处理可显著提高织物的表面润湿性能。但是在饱和吸水量方面,离子液体处理则不如蛋白酶处理效果好,两者联合处理则可以全面提升羊毛的润湿性能,其润湿时间和润湿接触角分别降低到520s和99.7o,吸水量则由蛋白酶单独处理时的0.574 g/g织物提升到0.591 g/g织物。
XPS实验结果显示,羊毛经过联合处理后,其纤维表面疏水性的C-C/C-H键含量由未处理时的64.9%下降到47.8%,而亲水性的O-C=O/N-C=O基团则由23.3%升高到35.3%,-SO3含量也由22.2%升到27.9%。这些亲水性基团的增加说明离子液体的溶解和蛋白酶的水解能够显著改变纤维表层的元素组成,从而有助于羊毛润湿性能的提升。
3.离子液体-蛋白酶处理对羊毛的染色性能有较大影响。
羊毛经过蛋白酶处理后,其初染速率仅略有提升,而经过离子液体—蛋白酶处理后,染料初染速率迅速提高,即使在80℃的染浴中也能迅速上染。另外,随着离子液体处理时间的延长和处理温度的提高,染料对羊毛的上染速率和上染率都得到提高。
染色动力学分析显示,经过离子液体处理后,染料在羊毛中的扩散系数提高了约1.12倍,而扩散活化能则由未处理时的34.39 KJ/mol降低到19.43 KJ/mol。染色织物色度参数显示,织物的K/S值从未处理时的17.61提高到联合处理后的19.78,这表明联合处理有助于织物表观得色深度的提高。但是处理后织物的水洗牢度和湿摩擦牢度则有0.5级左右的降低。
4.离子液体-蛋白酶处理对羊毛物理机械性能有较大影响。
当离子液体处理条件为100℃/10min时,经过联合处理后的纤维,其定向摩擦效应由7.09%减弱到3.5%,而织物毡缩率则由30.58%降低到18.84%,这说明离子液体-蛋白酶处理能够有效降低纤维的定向摩擦效应,提高织物防毡缩性能。
离子液体-蛋白酶处理会造成羊毛强力及断裂伸长率的损伤。离子液体处理条件为100℃/10min时,联合处理后羊毛纤维的断裂强力损失约为10.1%,而断裂伸长率损失则达到31.8%。纱线则由于热收缩原因,呈现出强力下降,断裂伸长率提高的现象,这表明联合处理会对羊毛的强度造成不利影响。
在织物风格上,离子液体的溶胀作用会使织物的压缩线性度和压缩功降低,而弯曲刚度和弯曲滞后矩增大,这说明离子液体处理会导致织物压缩以及弯曲特性的下降。经过蛋白酶处理后,织物的压缩特性和弯曲特性得到一定程度恢复。在白度上,离子液体高温(120℃)处理时,织物有泛黄倾向,但是蛋白酶的脱色作用则会使织物白度显著提高。
5.离子液体处理可以明显改变纤维的表面物理形态和化学组成,从而深刻影响蛋白酶对羊毛的水解。
SEM图像表明,羊毛经过离子液体处理后,纤维表面有明显被溶蚀的痕迹,而且鳞片边缘在离子液体的溶解作用下变得钝化。Allw?rden囊泡形状的变小也显示出鳞片表层遭受了不同程度的破坏。
FT-IR ATR图谱则表明,经过离子液体处理后的羊毛在3300 cm-1处的N-H和O-H伸缩振动吸收带变得更宽更强,而位于2964 cm-1、2935 cm-1和2877cm-1处,由C-H伸缩振动引起的吸收峰则变得非常弱,这表明离子液体对纤维表层的溶解会导致脂肪族物质去除,使得甲基和亚甲基含量降低,而氨基和羟基等基团则大量暴露。另外,1040cm-1处吸收峰的出现,表明二硫键在离子液体处理过程中被破坏,其产物主要为磺基丙氨酸。
WAXD衍射分析显示,离子液体处理后(100℃/10min),羊毛纤维的结晶指数由未处理时的60%下降到57.9%,这说明离子液体的溶胀作用会降低纤维的致密程度。
氨基酸分析显示,与单独蛋白酶处理相比,羊毛经过离子液体-蛋白酶处理后,纤维中大部分氨基酸如谷氨酸、酪氨酸、丝氨酸的含量会继续降低;在水解液中,丝氨酸、苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸和胱氨酸等含量则迅速上升,尤其是蛋白酶的作用位点丝氨酸,其含量增加了约一个数量级。这说明离子液体处理有助于增加蛋白酶的有效作用位点,提高蛋白酶对鳞片层中高硫蛋白质的水解。
在类脂去除、二硫键被破坏以及纤维结晶度下降的综合作用下,蛋白酶对离子液体处理后的纤维水解速率明显提升,而且对鳞片的水解作用模式也得到加强。
With the development of biotechnology, enzymatic treatment has received much attention as an eco-friendly method in cuticle scales removal. However, the outer surface of the scales is hydrophobic and highly cross linked, it is in practice hardly substrate for protease. To make enzymatic treatment effective, the outer scale has to be modified prior to incubation. Furthermore, pretreatment methods play an important role in protease processing. An efficient and environmentally friendly pretreatment method will undoubtedly make a very active effect for protease treatment.
Ionic liquid used to be a green solvent in materials processing, was employed for wool surface modification prior to incubation. Ionic liquids are often considered as a unique type of solvents due to their excellent properties, such as negligible volatility, high thermal stability, easy recycle and high solubility for many substances. In the paper, the properties of wool treated by ionic liquid and protease was first dissected, and then the promotional effect of ionic liquid modification on protease incubation was also studied. The major findings are as follows:
1. Among the three kinds of ionic liquids [BMIM]Cl, [BMIM]BF4 and [BMIM]PF6, [BMIM]Cl treatment showed the best modification results for wool fibers.
The weight loss of wool fiber can be rasied 53.3% by protease processing when pretreated by [BMIM]Cl at 100℃for 10 min. Further studies on the conditions of [BMIM]Cl treatment showed that the weight loss increased with the treatment temperature and elongation of treatment duration. Compared with the treatment duration, the temperature played a much more important role in [BMIM]Cl modification. However, the degree of damage to wool fibers also increased with the treatment temperature. The alkaline solubility of wool fibers treated by [BMIM]Cl at 100℃was no more than 14.3%, but it would reach 23.3% when treated at 120℃.
2. The wettability of wool can be significantly improved after ionic liquid and protease treatment.
Protease treatment had little improvement on the wettability of wool fabric. The wetting time of wool fabric treated by protease was more than 1800 seconds, and water contact angle more than 110o. Whereas the wetting time and water contact angle of wool fabric decreased to 1418s and 106.4o after ionic liquid treatment, which indicated that ionic liquid treatment made an efficient impact on wool wettability. However, the water uptake of wool fibers treated by ionic liquid was smaller than the protease treated. After the ionic liquid and protease treatment, the wetting time and water contact angle of wool fabric decreased to 520s and 99.7o, and the water uptake was increased to 0.591g/g from 0.574g/g. The wettability of wool sample was fully improved.
XPS analysis showed that the elemental composition of wool surface was remarkably changed by ionic liquid and protease treatment. The content of C-C/C-H groups decreased from 64.9% to 47.8%, while the hydropholic groups such as O-C=O/N-C=O increased to 35.3% from 23.3% after ionic liquid and protease treatment. At the same time, the S(VI) content of wool fiber was also increased to 27.9% from 22.2%. These increases of hydropholic groups were helpful for the surface hydrophilicity.
3. The dyeing properties of wool were greatly changed after ionic liquid and protease treatment.
Compared with the slightly improvement in the initial dyeing rate of protease-treated wool fibers, it was quickly increased after ionic liquid and protease treatment. The dyeing rate was also high even dyed at 80oC. Otherwise, with the increase of treatment temperature and elongation of treatment duration, the dyeing rate and final dye exhaustion was both improved. Dyeing dynamics showed that the diffusion coefficient increased by about 1.12 times and diffusion active energy of wool fibers decreased to 19.43 KJ/mol from 34.39 KJ/mol after ionic liquid treatment.
The K/S value of wool fabric increased to 19.78 from 17.61 after the combined treatment, which indicated that ionic liquid treatment was help to improve the color depth. However, there was about half grade decrease in the washing fastness and wet rubbing fastness after the combination treatment.
4. The mechanical properties of wool were remarkably changed by ionic liquid and protease treatment.
When wool fibers were pretreated by [BMIM]Cl at 100℃for 10 min, the directional friction effect can be reduced to 3.5% from 7.09% of the untreated, and respectively, the felting shrinkage was reduced to 18.84% from 30.58% .
Ionic liquid and protease treatment could lead to the decrease of tensile strength and breaking elongation. The loss of tenislie strength reached 10.1%, and 31.8% for breaking elongation after ionic liquid and protease treatment. But the breaking elongation of yarn was a bit to upgrade for the heat shrinkage.
Fabric manner tests results showed that the compression and bending properties of wool fabric decreased after ionic liquid treatment, but the followed protease treatment was helpful to recover them. For the whiteness, ionic liquid treatment at 120℃could induce the wool yellowing, but the whiteness was significantly improved after protease treatment.
5. Ionic liquid treatment can significantly change the fiber's surface morphology and chemical composition and thus profoundly affecte the hydrolysis of wool by protease.
SEM photos of ionic liquid-treated wool fibers revealed visible deterioration to scales compared with the untreated. Although the scales treated with ionic liquid were still clearly visible, the scale edges were deeply eroded by ionic liquid. The smaller Allw?rden sacs also showed the damage of wool epicutical layer by ionic liquid solubility.
As shown in the infrared spectrum of ionic liquid-treated wool fibers, the stretching vibration band of N-H and O-H bonds which falls at 3300 cm-1, became wider and stronger, while the stretching vibration band of C-H bond, which falls at 2964 cm-1, 2935 cm-1 and 2877cm-1 became smaller. This indicated that the content of CH3 and CH2 bonds was reduced for the removal of the lipid acids, and thus made the -NH2 and -OH bonds originally under the lipid layer exposed to the surface. Otherwise, there was cysteic acid produced for the emergence of absorbance band at 1040cm-1 after ionic liquid treatment.
WAXD results showed that the crystallnity index of wool fibers decreased from 60.0% to 57.9% after ionic liquid treatment. These changes could be attributed to the swollen effect of ionic liquid.
According to the amino acids analysis results, the content of most amino acids in ionic liquid and protease treated wool fiber such as Glu, Tyr and Ser decreased much more than that treated merely by protease. In the incubation solution, the content of some amino acids such as Ser, Thr, Phe and Cys increased quickly after ionic liquid pretreatment. Especially, the content of Ser, the active center of Savinase, increased by about 10 times. This inducated that ionic liquid treatment improved the hydrolysis of the high-sulfur protein in wool scales.
With the removal of lipid acids, the broken of disulfide bonds and the derease of crystallnity of wool, ionic liquid treatment not only improved the hydrolysis rate of wool keratin, but enhanced the hydrolysis of wool scales.
有鉴于此,本文将低挥发、易回收、热稳定性好、溶解能力强的新型环保溶剂—离子液体引入到羊毛加工过程中,将其作为蛋白酶整理的预处理方法。文章详细研究了离子液体-蛋白酶处理对羊毛各项性能,特别是表面性能的影响;同时探讨了离子液体对蛋白酶水解的促进机理。文章的主要研究结论如下:
1.在[BMIM]Cl、[BMIM]BF4和[BMIM]PF6三种离子液体中,[BMIM]Cl处理对羊毛的减量效果最好。
羊毛经过[BMIM]Cl(100℃/10min)处理后,蛋白酶对其减量效果可提升约53.3%。对[BMIM]Cl改性条件的进一步研究可以发现,温度对离子液体的溶解减量效果影响较大,处理温度为80℃时,蛋白酶对羊毛的减量率只有2.41%,而当温度升高到120℃时,减量率可达到9.96%。虽然提高温度可以显著提升其改性效果,但是随着温度的提高,离子液体处理对羊毛造成的损伤程度也在增大,100℃处理时,羊毛碱溶解度只有14.3%,而120℃处理时,碱溶解度则会升高到23.3%。
2.离子液体-蛋白酶处理能够明显改善羊毛的润湿性能。
仅经过蛋白酶处理后的织物,其水滴润湿时间>1800s,接触角>110o,羊毛表面润湿性能基本没有改善;而经过[BMIM]Cl 100℃/10min处理后的织物,其润湿时间和润湿接触角分别降至1418s和106.4o,这说明离子液体处理可显著提高织物的表面润湿性能。但是在饱和吸水量方面,离子液体处理则不如蛋白酶处理效果好,两者联合处理则可以全面提升羊毛的润湿性能,其润湿时间和润湿接触角分别降低到520s和99.7o,吸水量则由蛋白酶单独处理时的0.574 g/g织物提升到0.591 g/g织物。
XPS实验结果显示,羊毛经过联合处理后,其纤维表面疏水性的C-C/C-H键含量由未处理时的64.9%下降到47.8%,而亲水性的O-C=O/N-C=O基团则由23.3%升高到35.3%,-SO3含量也由22.2%升到27.9%。这些亲水性基团的增加说明离子液体的溶解和蛋白酶的水解能够显著改变纤维表层的元素组成,从而有助于羊毛润湿性能的提升。
3.离子液体-蛋白酶处理对羊毛的染色性能有较大影响。
羊毛经过蛋白酶处理后,其初染速率仅略有提升,而经过离子液体—蛋白酶处理后,染料初染速率迅速提高,即使在80℃的染浴中也能迅速上染。另外,随着离子液体处理时间的延长和处理温度的提高,染料对羊毛的上染速率和上染率都得到提高。
染色动力学分析显示,经过离子液体处理后,染料在羊毛中的扩散系数提高了约1.12倍,而扩散活化能则由未处理时的34.39 KJ/mol降低到19.43 KJ/mol。染色织物色度参数显示,织物的K/S值从未处理时的17.61提高到联合处理后的19.78,这表明联合处理有助于织物表观得色深度的提高。但是处理后织物的水洗牢度和湿摩擦牢度则有0.5级左右的降低。
4.离子液体-蛋白酶处理对羊毛物理机械性能有较大影响。
当离子液体处理条件为100℃/10min时,经过联合处理后的纤维,其定向摩擦效应由7.09%减弱到3.5%,而织物毡缩率则由30.58%降低到18.84%,这说明离子液体-蛋白酶处理能够有效降低纤维的定向摩擦效应,提高织物防毡缩性能。
离子液体-蛋白酶处理会造成羊毛强力及断裂伸长率的损伤。离子液体处理条件为100℃/10min时,联合处理后羊毛纤维的断裂强力损失约为10.1%,而断裂伸长率损失则达到31.8%。纱线则由于热收缩原因,呈现出强力下降,断裂伸长率提高的现象,这表明联合处理会对羊毛的强度造成不利影响。
在织物风格上,离子液体的溶胀作用会使织物的压缩线性度和压缩功降低,而弯曲刚度和弯曲滞后矩增大,这说明离子液体处理会导致织物压缩以及弯曲特性的下降。经过蛋白酶处理后,织物的压缩特性和弯曲特性得到一定程度恢复。在白度上,离子液体高温(120℃)处理时,织物有泛黄倾向,但是蛋白酶的脱色作用则会使织物白度显著提高。
5.离子液体处理可以明显改变纤维的表面物理形态和化学组成,从而深刻影响蛋白酶对羊毛的水解。
SEM图像表明,羊毛经过离子液体处理后,纤维表面有明显被溶蚀的痕迹,而且鳞片边缘在离子液体的溶解作用下变得钝化。Allw?rden囊泡形状的变小也显示出鳞片表层遭受了不同程度的破坏。
FT-IR ATR图谱则表明,经过离子液体处理后的羊毛在3300 cm-1处的N-H和O-H伸缩振动吸收带变得更宽更强,而位于2964 cm-1、2935 cm-1和2877cm-1处,由C-H伸缩振动引起的吸收峰则变得非常弱,这表明离子液体对纤维表层的溶解会导致脂肪族物质去除,使得甲基和亚甲基含量降低,而氨基和羟基等基团则大量暴露。另外,1040cm-1处吸收峰的出现,表明二硫键在离子液体处理过程中被破坏,其产物主要为磺基丙氨酸。
WAXD衍射分析显示,离子液体处理后(100℃/10min),羊毛纤维的结晶指数由未处理时的60%下降到57.9%,这说明离子液体的溶胀作用会降低纤维的致密程度。
氨基酸分析显示,与单独蛋白酶处理相比,羊毛经过离子液体-蛋白酶处理后,纤维中大部分氨基酸如谷氨酸、酪氨酸、丝氨酸的含量会继续降低;在水解液中,丝氨酸、苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸和胱氨酸等含量则迅速上升,尤其是蛋白酶的作用位点丝氨酸,其含量增加了约一个数量级。这说明离子液体处理有助于增加蛋白酶的有效作用位点,提高蛋白酶对鳞片层中高硫蛋白质的水解。
在类脂去除、二硫键被破坏以及纤维结晶度下降的综合作用下,蛋白酶对离子液体处理后的纤维水解速率明显提升,而且对鳞片的水解作用模式也得到加强。
With the development of biotechnology, enzymatic treatment has received much attention as an eco-friendly method in cuticle scales removal. However, the outer surface of the scales is hydrophobic and highly cross linked, it is in practice hardly substrate for protease. To make enzymatic treatment effective, the outer scale has to be modified prior to incubation. Furthermore, pretreatment methods play an important role in protease processing. An efficient and environmentally friendly pretreatment method will undoubtedly make a very active effect for protease treatment.
Ionic liquid used to be a green solvent in materials processing, was employed for wool surface modification prior to incubation. Ionic liquids are often considered as a unique type of solvents due to their excellent properties, such as negligible volatility, high thermal stability, easy recycle and high solubility for many substances. In the paper, the properties of wool treated by ionic liquid and protease was first dissected, and then the promotional effect of ionic liquid modification on protease incubation was also studied. The major findings are as follows:
1. Among the three kinds of ionic liquids [BMIM]Cl, [BMIM]BF4 and [BMIM]PF6, [BMIM]Cl treatment showed the best modification results for wool fibers.
The weight loss of wool fiber can be rasied 53.3% by protease processing when pretreated by [BMIM]Cl at 100℃for 10 min. Further studies on the conditions of [BMIM]Cl treatment showed that the weight loss increased with the treatment temperature and elongation of treatment duration. Compared with the treatment duration, the temperature played a much more important role in [BMIM]Cl modification. However, the degree of damage to wool fibers also increased with the treatment temperature. The alkaline solubility of wool fibers treated by [BMIM]Cl at 100℃was no more than 14.3%, but it would reach 23.3% when treated at 120℃.
2. The wettability of wool can be significantly improved after ionic liquid and protease treatment.
Protease treatment had little improvement on the wettability of wool fabric. The wetting time of wool fabric treated by protease was more than 1800 seconds, and water contact angle more than 110o. Whereas the wetting time and water contact angle of wool fabric decreased to 1418s and 106.4o after ionic liquid treatment, which indicated that ionic liquid treatment made an efficient impact on wool wettability. However, the water uptake of wool fibers treated by ionic liquid was smaller than the protease treated. After the ionic liquid and protease treatment, the wetting time and water contact angle of wool fabric decreased to 520s and 99.7o, and the water uptake was increased to 0.591g/g from 0.574g/g. The wettability of wool sample was fully improved.
XPS analysis showed that the elemental composition of wool surface was remarkably changed by ionic liquid and protease treatment. The content of C-C/C-H groups decreased from 64.9% to 47.8%, while the hydropholic groups such as O-C=O/N-C=O increased to 35.3% from 23.3% after ionic liquid and protease treatment. At the same time, the S(VI) content of wool fiber was also increased to 27.9% from 22.2%. These increases of hydropholic groups were helpful for the surface hydrophilicity.
3. The dyeing properties of wool were greatly changed after ionic liquid and protease treatment.
Compared with the slightly improvement in the initial dyeing rate of protease-treated wool fibers, it was quickly increased after ionic liquid and protease treatment. The dyeing rate was also high even dyed at 80oC. Otherwise, with the increase of treatment temperature and elongation of treatment duration, the dyeing rate and final dye exhaustion was both improved. Dyeing dynamics showed that the diffusion coefficient increased by about 1.12 times and diffusion active energy of wool fibers decreased to 19.43 KJ/mol from 34.39 KJ/mol after ionic liquid treatment.
The K/S value of wool fabric increased to 19.78 from 17.61 after the combined treatment, which indicated that ionic liquid treatment was help to improve the color depth. However, there was about half grade decrease in the washing fastness and wet rubbing fastness after the combination treatment.
4. The mechanical properties of wool were remarkably changed by ionic liquid and protease treatment.
When wool fibers were pretreated by [BMIM]Cl at 100℃for 10 min, the directional friction effect can be reduced to 3.5% from 7.09% of the untreated, and respectively, the felting shrinkage was reduced to 18.84% from 30.58% .
Ionic liquid and protease treatment could lead to the decrease of tensile strength and breaking elongation. The loss of tenislie strength reached 10.1%, and 31.8% for breaking elongation after ionic liquid and protease treatment. But the breaking elongation of yarn was a bit to upgrade for the heat shrinkage.
Fabric manner tests results showed that the compression and bending properties of wool fabric decreased after ionic liquid treatment, but the followed protease treatment was helpful to recover them. For the whiteness, ionic liquid treatment at 120℃could induce the wool yellowing, but the whiteness was significantly improved after protease treatment.
5. Ionic liquid treatment can significantly change the fiber's surface morphology and chemical composition and thus profoundly affecte the hydrolysis of wool by protease.
SEM photos of ionic liquid-treated wool fibers revealed visible deterioration to scales compared with the untreated. Although the scales treated with ionic liquid were still clearly visible, the scale edges were deeply eroded by ionic liquid. The smaller Allw?rden sacs also showed the damage of wool epicutical layer by ionic liquid solubility.
As shown in the infrared spectrum of ionic liquid-treated wool fibers, the stretching vibration band of N-H and O-H bonds which falls at 3300 cm-1, became wider and stronger, while the stretching vibration band of C-H bond, which falls at 2964 cm-1, 2935 cm-1 and 2877cm-1 became smaller. This indicated that the content of CH3 and CH2 bonds was reduced for the removal of the lipid acids, and thus made the -NH2 and -OH bonds originally under the lipid layer exposed to the surface. Otherwise, there was cysteic acid produced for the emergence of absorbance band at 1040cm-1 after ionic liquid treatment.
WAXD results showed that the crystallnity index of wool fibers decreased from 60.0% to 57.9% after ionic liquid treatment. These changes could be attributed to the swollen effect of ionic liquid.
According to the amino acids analysis results, the content of most amino acids in ionic liquid and protease treated wool fiber such as Glu, Tyr and Ser decreased much more than that treated merely by protease. In the incubation solution, the content of some amino acids such as Ser, Thr, Phe and Cys increased quickly after ionic liquid pretreatment. Especially, the content of Ser, the active center of Savinase, increased by about 10 times. This inducated that ionic liquid treatment improved the hydrolysis of the high-sulfur protein in wool scales.
With the removal of lipid acids, the broken of disulfide bonds and the derease of crystallnity of wool, ionic liquid treatment not only improved the hydrolysis rate of wool keratin, but enhanced the hydrolysis of wool scales.
引文
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