基于J2EE技术的软件过程改进系统研究与实现
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摘要
软件过程改进是当前软件工程研究的热点之一，组织进行软件过程改进，能够有效的使软件的开发质量和效率不断得到提高。目前，过程改进正得到各界人士的广泛关注，并且出现了一些支持过程改进的系统。
本文先介绍了软件过程管理和软件过程改进的相关概念、技术和软件过程改进领域研究的主要问题，并且讨论了软件过程改进的主要内容和软件能力成熟度模型CMM。还简单讨论了J2EE的运行环境、系统架构和J2EE的主要核心技术—EJB技术，然后着重介绍了一个采用J2EE技术开发的软件过程改进支持系统JSPI的设计与实现。主要工作是建立了系统的核心数据库—企业标准过程数据库，设计了系统的过程改进模式，给出了系统的总体的设计和详细设计，以及主要功能的具体实现。首先，选定了整个系统的开发工具，然后进行了系统的总体设计给出了系统总体结构图和每个功能模块的总体设计，接下来，设计了系统的数据库结构，给出了数据库设计图，并且给出了主要业务模块----过程模型建模模块和建立过程反馈模块的详细设计与实现，最后，简要叙述了JSPI的改进模式和运行环境并且给出系统中存在的问题、不足和今后主要研究方向。
Software process improvement is one of the focuses in the research of software engineering and a organization who has been practicing process improvement can develop its software with higher quality and efficiency. At present, process improvement has been a very important thing to most Org. and persons whose business is related with software. Some software systems have come out which can do some sustain work for the software process improvement.
This paper introduces some basic concepts and main contents in the field of software process improvement, CMM firstly, the main frame of J2EE and its core technique-EJB , and then a system which can sustain an organization' s software process improvement is mainly discussed. In this paper, we focus a overall design of the system which has been constructed on the technique of J2EE and the realization of some modules. The main work of mine is construction of the central database-Enterprise Process Database, designing of process improvement mode, architecting whole system and realization of the primary function modules. Finally, on the basis of the practice that has been done, we point out remained problems and direction of the research for the future.
本文先介绍了软件过程管理和软件过程改进的相关概念、技术和软件过程改进领域研究的主要问题，并且讨论了软件过程改进的主要内容和软件能力成熟度模型CMM。还简单讨论了J2EE的运行环境、系统架构和J2EE的主要核心技术—EJB技术，然后着重介绍了一个采用J2EE技术开发的软件过程改进支持系统JSPI的设计与实现。主要工作是建立了系统的核心数据库—企业标准过程数据库，设计了系统的过程改进模式，给出了系统的总体的设计和详细设计，以及主要功能的具体实现。首先，选定了整个系统的开发工具，然后进行了系统的总体设计给出了系统总体结构图和每个功能模块的总体设计，接下来，设计了系统的数据库结构，给出了数据库设计图，并且给出了主要业务模块----过程模型建模模块和建立过程反馈模块的详细设计与实现，最后，简要叙述了JSPI的改进模式和运行环境并且给出系统中存在的问题、不足和今后主要研究方向。
Software process improvement is one of the focuses in the research of software engineering and a organization who has been practicing process improvement can develop its software with higher quality and efficiency. At present, process improvement has been a very important thing to most Org. and persons whose business is related with software. Some software systems have come out which can do some sustain work for the software process improvement.
This paper introduces some basic concepts and main contents in the field of software process improvement, CMM firstly, the main frame of J2EE and its core technique-EJB , and then a system which can sustain an organization' s software process improvement is mainly discussed. In this paper, we focus a overall design of the system which has been constructed on the technique of J2EE and the realization of some modules. The main work of mine is construction of the central database-Enterprise Process Database, designing of process improvement mode, architecting whole system and realization of the primary function modules. Finally, on the basis of the practice that has been done, we point out remained problems and direction of the research for the future.
引文
[1] Watts S. Humphrey. Managing the Software Process, Addison-Wesley, August 2002
[2] A. S. Girmahaw, Easy-to-use Object-oriented Parallel Processing with Mentat, Computer, 26(5) 1993
[3] J. Banning, A Method for Determining the Side Effect of Procedure Calls, Ph. D. thesis, Stanford University, 1978
[4] Alfonso Fuggetta Software process: a roadmap, http://web.cefriel.it/～alfonso/documents/presentations/isr/ISR_files/frame.htm,June 2000
[5] M. Burke, etc., Interproceduaral Dependence Analysis and Parallelization, ACM SIGPLAN' 86 Symposium on Compiler Conf. 12(7)1986
[6] A. M. Christle, Software Process Automation, Springer, 1995
[7] D. Markin. The Relationship Between Software Development Environment and the Software Process. Sigplan Notices, vol. 24, NO. 2
[8] Leon Osterweil. Software Processes are Software too. In Proceedings of the 9th international Conference on Software Engineering. IEEE Computer Society, Washington. DC, 1987
[9] Sergio C. Bandinelli, Alfonso Fuggetta and Carlo Ghezzi. Software Process Model Evolution in the SPADE Environment. IEEE Trans. on Software Eng., vol. 19, No. 12, Dec 1993.
[10] Keiichi Yasumoto, Teruo Higashino and Kenichi Taniguchi. Software Process Description using LOTOS and its Enaction. Proceedings of 16th int'1. Conf. on Software Eng., 1994
[11] M. Chen, et al., A Framework for Integrated CASE, IEEE Software, Mar. 1992
[12] Mary Shaw and David Garlan, Software Architecture, Perspectives on emerging discipline, Prentice-Hall, 1996
[13] PeiWei Mi,et al., Process Integration in CASE Environment, IEEE Software, Mar. 1992
[14] W. S. Humphery. Characterizing the Software Process. Software Engineering Institute, CMU/SEI-87-TR-11, ADA 187320, September 1987.
[15] Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, A Discipline for Software Engineering. Addison-Wesley, 1995.
[16] Paulk. M C. Effective CMM-based Process Improvement. Proc of the 6th Int'1 Conf on Software Quality. 1996.
[17] Curtis B, Kellner M I, Over J. Process Modeling. Communications of ACM, September 1992.
[18] R C Water. Automated software management based on structured models. Software Practice and Experience, 1989, 19(10)
[19] E Weyuker. Evaluating Software Complexity measures. IEEE Trans. on Software Eng., 1998, 14
[20] Dowson M. Software Process themes and issues, Proc. IEEE 2nd Int. Conf., Feb. 1993
[21] 杨芙清、梅宏、李克勤，软件复用与软件构件技术，电子学报，1999．01
[22] 郭江、黄涛，软件过程及其集成环境的研究，计算机科学，1997 vol24
[23] 余金山，试论软件过程模型及其重要性，华侨大学学报，1994．01
[24] 杨萍、徐良贤，浅析软件过程模型描述语言的特点及其研究方向，计算机应用研究，2000．03
[25] 宗志东、朱冰等，软件过程技术研究，计算机科学，1997 vol24
[26] 何新贵，软件能力成熟度模型CMM的框架和内容，计算机应用，2001．03
[27] 李健、金茂忠，有效改善软件过程方法研究，计算机研究与发展，2001．01
[28] 刘述忠、郭立峰、梅宏等，青鸟Ⅱ型软件开发环境中的软件过程管理系统，小型微型计算机系统，1997年2月
[29] 柳军飞等，软件过程建模语言研究，软件学报，1996．08
[30] 邢大红、曹佳东等，软件度量学综述，计算机工程与应用，2001．01
[31] 杨芙清、梅宏、李克勤，软件复用与软件构件技术，电子学报，1999．01
[32] 汪芸编著，CORBA技术及其应用，东南大学出版社，1999．06
[33] 田立新、李生红、顾建荣、颐尚杰，软件过程评估方法的研究和实践，计算机工程，2001．02
[34] 杨芙清、邵维忠、宗志东、朱冰，过程驱动的软件工程坏境，电子学报，1998．08
[35] 郭江、黄涛、廖越红，软件过程环境的设计与实现，软件学报，第8卷12期，1997．12
[36] 刘晓华等编著，J2EE企业及应用开发，电子工业出版社，2003．08
[37] Pankaj Jalote著，胡春哲、张洁等译，CMM实践应用，电子工业出版社，2002．08
[38] 周之英，现代软件工程，科学出版社，2000．01
[39] Wendy Boggs等著，邱仲潘等译，UML with Rational Rose从入门到精通，电子工业出版社，2000．03
[40] Sami Zahran著，陈新、罗劲枫等译，软件过程改进，机械工业出版社，2002．08
[41] Bruce Eckel著，侯捷译，Java编程思想，机械工业出版社，2002．09
[42] 田勇、孙信等,Jbuilder开发人员指南，机械工业出版社，200 1．07
[43] Paul R. Reed, Jr.著，郭旭译，Java与UML协同应用开发，清华大学出版社，
2003．04
[44] 尤克滨著,UML应用建模实践过程，机械工业出版社，2003．01
[45] 朱三元、钱乐秋、宿为民编著，软件工程技术概论，科学出版社，2003．01
[46] Nadir Gulzar著，陈晓燕译，实用J2EE应用程序体系结构，清华大学出版社，2003．12
[47] Ed Roman著，刘晓华译，精通EJB，电子工业出版社，2002．10
[2] A. S. Girmahaw, Easy-to-use Object-oriented Parallel Processing with Mentat, Computer, 26(5) 1993
[3] J. Banning, A Method for Determining the Side Effect of Procedure Calls, Ph. D. thesis, Stanford University, 1978
[4] Alfonso Fuggetta Software process: a roadmap, http://web.cefriel.it/～alfonso/documents/presentations/isr/ISR_files/frame.htm,June 2000
[5] M. Burke, etc., Interproceduaral Dependence Analysis and Parallelization, ACM SIGPLAN' 86 Symposium on Compiler Conf. 12(7)1986
[6] A. M. Christle, Software Process Automation, Springer, 1995
[7] D. Markin. The Relationship Between Software Development Environment and the Software Process. Sigplan Notices, vol. 24, NO. 2
[8] Leon Osterweil. Software Processes are Software too. In Proceedings of the 9th international Conference on Software Engineering. IEEE Computer Society, Washington. DC, 1987
[9] Sergio C. Bandinelli, Alfonso Fuggetta and Carlo Ghezzi. Software Process Model Evolution in the SPADE Environment. IEEE Trans. on Software Eng., vol. 19, No. 12, Dec 1993.
[10] Keiichi Yasumoto, Teruo Higashino and Kenichi Taniguchi. Software Process Description using LOTOS and its Enaction. Proceedings of 16th int'1. Conf. on Software Eng., 1994
[11] M. Chen, et al., A Framework for Integrated CASE, IEEE Software, Mar. 1992
[12] Mary Shaw and David Garlan, Software Architecture, Perspectives on emerging discipline, Prentice-Hall, 1996
[13] PeiWei Mi,et al., Process Integration in CASE Environment, IEEE Software, Mar. 1992
[14] W. S. Humphery. Characterizing the Software Process. Software Engineering Institute, CMU/SEI-87-TR-11, ADA 187320, September 1987.
[15] Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, A Discipline for Software Engineering. Addison-Wesley, 1995.
[16] Paulk. M C. Effective CMM-based Process Improvement. Proc of the 6th Int'1 Conf on Software Quality. 1996.
[17] Curtis B, Kellner M I, Over J. Process Modeling. Communications of ACM, September 1992.
[18] R C Water. Automated software management based on structured models. Software Practice and Experience, 1989, 19(10)
[19] E Weyuker. Evaluating Software Complexity measures. IEEE Trans. on Software Eng., 1998, 14
[20] Dowson M. Software Process themes and issues, Proc. IEEE 2nd Int. Conf., Feb. 1993
[21] 杨芙清、梅宏、李克勤，软件复用与软件构件技术，电子学报，1999．01
[22] 郭江、黄涛，软件过程及其集成环境的研究，计算机科学，1997 vol24
[23] 余金山，试论软件过程模型及其重要性，华侨大学学报，1994．01
[24] 杨萍、徐良贤，浅析软件过程模型描述语言的特点及其研究方向，计算机应用研究，2000．03
[25] 宗志东、朱冰等，软件过程技术研究，计算机科学，1997 vol24
[26] 何新贵，软件能力成熟度模型CMM的框架和内容，计算机应用，2001．03
[27] 李健、金茂忠，有效改善软件过程方法研究，计算机研究与发展，2001．01
[28] 刘述忠、郭立峰、梅宏等，青鸟Ⅱ型软件开发环境中的软件过程管理系统，小型微型计算机系统，1997年2月
[29] 柳军飞等，软件过程建模语言研究，软件学报，1996．08
[30] 邢大红、曹佳东等，软件度量学综述，计算机工程与应用，2001．01
[31] 杨芙清、梅宏、李克勤，软件复用与软件构件技术，电子学报，1999．01
[32] 汪芸编著，CORBA技术及其应用，东南大学出版社，1999．06
[33] 田立新、李生红、顾建荣、颐尚杰，软件过程评估方法的研究和实践，计算机工程，2001．02
[34] 杨芙清、邵维忠、宗志东、朱冰，过程驱动的软件工程坏境，电子学报，1998．08
[35] 郭江、黄涛、廖越红，软件过程环境的设计与实现，软件学报，第8卷12期，1997．12
[36] 刘晓华等编著，J2EE企业及应用开发，电子工业出版社，2003．08
[37] Pankaj Jalote著，胡春哲、张洁等译，CMM实践应用，电子工业出版社，2002．08
[38] 周之英，现代软件工程，科学出版社，2000．01
[39] Wendy Boggs等著，邱仲潘等译，UML with Rational Rose从入门到精通，电子工业出版社，2000．03
[40] Sami Zahran著，陈新、罗劲枫等译，软件过程改进，机械工业出版社，2002．08
[41] Bruce Eckel著，侯捷译，Java编程思想，机械工业出版社，2002．09
[42] 田勇、孙信等,Jbuilder开发人员指南，机械工业出版社，200 1．07
[43] Paul R. Reed, Jr.著，郭旭译，Java与UML协同应用开发，清华大学出版社，
2003．04
[44] 尤克滨著,UML应用建模实践过程，机械工业出版社，2003．01
[45] 朱三元、钱乐秋、宿为民编著，软件工程技术概论，科学出版社，2003．01
[46] Nadir Gulzar著，陈晓燕译，实用J2EE应用程序体系结构，清华大学出版社，2003．12
[47] Ed Roman著，刘晓华译，精通EJB，电子工业出版社，2002．10