基于CMM的软件过程改进研究与配置管理实施
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摘要
软件过程是人们用来开发和维护软件以及相关产品的一组活动、方法、实践及转换过程。软件过程技术的基本思想是：软件开发和维护过程的质量对产品的质量和软件生产率影响很大。软件过程技术的目标就是通过工程化、标准化和形式化的方法管理软件的开发过程，从而改变目前基于手工的软件生产方式，实现大规模的软件生产。
基于CMM的软件过程改进是本文讨论的核心内容。研究证明，软件过程改进不仅可以提高软件生产率和软件质量，而且也是降低开发成本、缩短开发周期的重要途径。软件过程改进已成为软件工程的一个研究热点。
本文主要内容包括：
(1)全面介绍了CMM的基本理论，软件过程及软件过程改进的概念。讨论了当前软件企业的发展现状，中小型软件企业面临的挑战，提出几点基于CMM进行软件过程改进的建议，并简要介绍了软件配置管理。
(2)重点讨论了软件企业基于CMM的软件过程改进。分析我国软件企业在软件过程中实施CMM出现的冲突，基于冲突提出实施软件过程改进的策略，并在CMM2级关键过程域的基础上构建实用框架。
(3)从CMM2级的一个关键过程域软件配置管理入手实施软件过程改进，并且在企业中付诸于实践，利用配置管理工具及流程取得很好的改进效果。
Software process is a set of activities, methods, practice and converse process, which can use to develop and maintenance software and related product. The basically idea of software process technology is: the quality of software development and maintenance process has high influence on product's quality and productivity. The goal of software process technology is to manage the software development process through engineering, standardization, and formalization. Then it has changed software product mode on the manual and realized the large-scale software product.
The thesis mainly discusses the software process improvement based on the CMM. It has been proved that software process improvement is not only raising software productivity, improving software quality, reducing development cost and but also shorting development cycle. Much attention has now being paid to this technique in the field of software engineering.
The main work stated in the thesis includes:
(1) It introduces the concepts of CMM, software process and software process improvement. It also discusses the present status of the software enterprise, the challenge confronted. According to the questions some suggestions that based on the CMMM to improve the software process are been put forward. It introduces the software configuration management.
(2) The software process improvement based on CMM is emphasized. It analysis the contradiction of the CMM implement in the china software enterprise's software process and provide the strategies of the software process improvement according to the contradiction. It constructs the practical frame on the CMM level 2 key process areas.
(3) Software configuration management as a key process area of the CMM Ievel2 has been applied in the practice. It is the first step of the software process improvement. Terrific effect has been caused in order to the tools and flow of the configuration
management.
基于CMM的软件过程改进是本文讨论的核心内容。研究证明，软件过程改进不仅可以提高软件生产率和软件质量，而且也是降低开发成本、缩短开发周期的重要途径。软件过程改进已成为软件工程的一个研究热点。
本文主要内容包括：
(1)全面介绍了CMM的基本理论，软件过程及软件过程改进的概念。讨论了当前软件企业的发展现状，中小型软件企业面临的挑战，提出几点基于CMM进行软件过程改进的建议，并简要介绍了软件配置管理。
(2)重点讨论了软件企业基于CMM的软件过程改进。分析我国软件企业在软件过程中实施CMM出现的冲突，基于冲突提出实施软件过程改进的策略，并在CMM2级关键过程域的基础上构建实用框架。
(3)从CMM2级的一个关键过程域软件配置管理入手实施软件过程改进，并且在企业中付诸于实践，利用配置管理工具及流程取得很好的改进效果。
Software process is a set of activities, methods, practice and converse process, which can use to develop and maintenance software and related product. The basically idea of software process technology is: the quality of software development and maintenance process has high influence on product's quality and productivity. The goal of software process technology is to manage the software development process through engineering, standardization, and formalization. Then it has changed software product mode on the manual and realized the large-scale software product.
The thesis mainly discusses the software process improvement based on the CMM. It has been proved that software process improvement is not only raising software productivity, improving software quality, reducing development cost and but also shorting development cycle. Much attention has now being paid to this technique in the field of software engineering.
The main work stated in the thesis includes:
(1) It introduces the concepts of CMM, software process and software process improvement. It also discusses the present status of the software enterprise, the challenge confronted. According to the questions some suggestions that based on the CMMM to improve the software process are been put forward. It introduces the software configuration management.
(2) The software process improvement based on CMM is emphasized. It analysis the contradiction of the CMM implement in the china software enterprise's software process and provide the strategies of the software process improvement according to the contradiction. It constructs the practical frame on the CMM level 2 key process areas.
(3) Software configuration management as a key process area of the CMM Ievel2 has been applied in the practice. It is the first step of the software process improvement. Terrific effect has been caused in order to the tools and flow of the configuration
management.
引文
[1] SEI编著 刘孟仁等译 《能力成熟度模型：软件过程改进指南》 电子工业出版社
[2] 软件工程专家网 www.21cmm.com
[3] Roger S Pressman 软件工程—实践者的研究方法[M] 北京 机械工业出版社 1999
[4] 周之英 《现代软件工程(上)：管理技术篇(M)》 北京：科技出版社 1999．
张海潘《软件工程导论(第三版)(M)》 北京：清华大学工业出版社 1998
[5] Ivar Jacobson 《Object-Oriented Software Engineering》 人民邮电出版社
[6] Watts．S Humphrey 《小组软件开发过程T软件过程改进》 人民邮电出版社
[7] 中国系统分析员 www.csai.cn
[8] Pankaj Jalote著 施平安译 《软件项目管理实践》 清华大学出版社
[9] 雷辉，李怀璋，王青 基于ISO9001和CMM的软件需求管理的研究 计算机科学 2002 29(2)
[10] 白洁音等 基于CMM的软件过程改进框架研究 小型微型计算机系统 2003．4．24(4)
[11] 任继平，朱国庆，邢伟等 软件配置管理解决方案 计算机应用研究 2003．5
[12] 王以良 软件配置管理 计算机系统应用 2000(12)
[13] 周静，段富 软件配置管理研究 电脑开发与应用 2003．16(2)
[14] UML软件工程组织软件配置管理 http://www.uml.net.cn/pzgl/pzgl.htm
[15] 熊策，陈志刚 CMM在中国软件企业中的应用研究 计算机工程与应用 2003．21(107～108)
[16] The Software Engineering Process Office(SEPO) Generic Software Configuration Management plan 1998.4
[17] The Software Engineering Process Office(SEPO) Software Configuration Management Process Definition 1998.4
[18] Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process. Reading, MA:Addisorr Wesley, 1995
[2] 软件工程专家网 www.21cmm.com
[3] Roger S Pressman 软件工程—实践者的研究方法[M] 北京 机械工业出版社 1999
[4] 周之英 《现代软件工程(上)：管理技术篇(M)》 北京：科技出版社 1999．
张海潘《软件工程导论(第三版)(M)》 北京：清华大学工业出版社 1998
[5] Ivar Jacobson 《Object-Oriented Software Engineering》 人民邮电出版社
[6] Watts．S Humphrey 《小组软件开发过程T软件过程改进》 人民邮电出版社
[7] 中国系统分析员 www.csai.cn
[8] Pankaj Jalote著 施平安译 《软件项目管理实践》 清华大学出版社
[9] 雷辉，李怀璋，王青 基于ISO9001和CMM的软件需求管理的研究 计算机科学 2002 29(2)
[10] 白洁音等 基于CMM的软件过程改进框架研究 小型微型计算机系统 2003．4．24(4)
[11] 任继平，朱国庆，邢伟等 软件配置管理解决方案 计算机应用研究 2003．5
[12] 王以良 软件配置管理 计算机系统应用 2000(12)
[13] 周静，段富 软件配置管理研究 电脑开发与应用 2003．16(2)
[14] UML软件工程组织软件配置管理 http://www.uml.net.cn/pzgl/pzgl.htm
[15] 熊策，陈志刚 CMM在中国软件企业中的应用研究 计算机工程与应用 2003．21(107～108)
[16] The Software Engineering Process Office(SEPO) Generic Software Configuration Management plan 1998.4
[17] The Software Engineering Process Office(SEPO) Software Configuration Management Process Definition 1998.4
[18] Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. The Capability Maturity Model: Guidelines for Improving the Software Process. Reading, MA:Addisorr Wesley, 1995