高压大功率开关电源技术的研究
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摘要
高压直流电源有着广泛的应用领域。许多高新技术的发展，如
医用X线机数字化成像技术，紧凑型脉冲电源技术等，都需要采用
大功率、高频化的高压直流开关电源。在国外高压大功率开关电源
技术已较为成熟，我国对这方面的研究也一直在进行，但目前还不
成熟。本文通过理论分析、数值仿真和实验等手段，针对高压大功
率开关电源技术实现过程中所存在的一些问题进行了研究。
在第二章中，研究了高压开关电源中高压变压器的非线性特
性，选择了谐振变换器作为高压大功率开关电源的电路拓扑结构，
并对三种形式的谐振变换器的电压及电流频率特性进行了分析比
较。
第三章中根据高压电容恒流充电电源的运行特点，选择了串联
负载谐振变换器作为主电路结构形式，并对其动态过程进行了数学
分析及数值仿真，讨论了该电路的运行特点、谐振回路参数对运行
特性的影响以及开关工作频率与功率输出的关系，为电源的设计提
供了依据。
第四章中分析了高频高压变压器的特点及难点，提出了合理的
串联谐振变换器的设计方案，能够完全利用变压器的漏感作为谐振
电感，有效地降低了分布参数给高压大功率开关电源所带来的不利
影响。
第五章介绍了自行设计的适合于不同谐振频率的谐振变换器的
控制器，实现了变换器的软开关技术。实验结果表明，该控制器适
应性广，工作稳定可靠，逆变器的损耗少，电磁干扰小，可靠性高。
最后，完成了一台高压大功率恒流充电电源的设计与制造，实
验结果表明该电源的性能完全达到预期指标。
High voltage DC power supplies are widely used in many fields. High voltage DC switching power supply with high frequency and high power are required by the development of many new technologies, such as numeric imaging of X-ray for medical use, compact pulsed power source etc. The technology of high voltage DC switching power supply has been successfully developed in advanced countries, but is under development in China. In this paper some technical questions of high voltage DC switching power supply were investigated by using theoretical analyses, numerical simulation and experiment.
In chapter 2, the nonlinear feature of iron core of transformer in switching power supply was studied. According to the characteristics of switching power supply, the topology structure of resonant converter was selected. The characteristics of out put voltage and current vs. frequency for the three kinds of resonant converter were analyzed and compared.
In chapter 3, according to the requirements of high voltage power supply used for charging capacitors with constant current, the Series Resonant Converter (SRC) was chosen as the main circuit frame. The dynamic process of SRC was discussed by using mathematical analyses and numeric simulation to study the operational Characteristics, the effects of parameters of resonant circuit on them and the relationship between switching frequency and out put power, which provided the bases of designing the power supply.
In chapter 4, considering the features of high voltage transformer and the difficulties to make it, a reasonable design scheme with SRC was proposed, which efficiently reduced negative influence of distributing parameters of transformer on switching power supply and could completely utilize leakage inductance as resonant inductance.
In chapter 5, the controller of resonant converter designed by myself, was introduced, in which Zero Current Switching (ZCS) had been realized. Experimental results showed that the controller was well suited to resonant converters with different frequencies, and had the advantages of high reliability, low wastage and low Electro Magnetic Interfere (EMI).
At last, a high voltage power supply used for charging capacitors with constant current has been designed and completed. The operational Characteristics of this power supply were proved by experiments to be fully agreed with the designing targets.
医用X线机数字化成像技术，紧凑型脉冲电源技术等，都需要采用
大功率、高频化的高压直流开关电源。在国外高压大功率开关电源
技术已较为成熟，我国对这方面的研究也一直在进行，但目前还不
成熟。本文通过理论分析、数值仿真和实验等手段，针对高压大功
率开关电源技术实现过程中所存在的一些问题进行了研究。
在第二章中，研究了高压开关电源中高压变压器的非线性特
性，选择了谐振变换器作为高压大功率开关电源的电路拓扑结构，
并对三种形式的谐振变换器的电压及电流频率特性进行了分析比
较。
第三章中根据高压电容恒流充电电源的运行特点，选择了串联
负载谐振变换器作为主电路结构形式，并对其动态过程进行了数学
分析及数值仿真，讨论了该电路的运行特点、谐振回路参数对运行
特性的影响以及开关工作频率与功率输出的关系，为电源的设计提
供了依据。
第四章中分析了高频高压变压器的特点及难点，提出了合理的
串联谐振变换器的设计方案，能够完全利用变压器的漏感作为谐振
电感，有效地降低了分布参数给高压大功率开关电源所带来的不利
影响。
第五章介绍了自行设计的适合于不同谐振频率的谐振变换器的
控制器，实现了变换器的软开关技术。实验结果表明，该控制器适
应性广，工作稳定可靠，逆变器的损耗少，电磁干扰小，可靠性高。
最后，完成了一台高压大功率恒流充电电源的设计与制造，实
验结果表明该电源的性能完全达到预期指标。
High voltage DC power supplies are widely used in many fields. High voltage DC switching power supply with high frequency and high power are required by the development of many new technologies, such as numeric imaging of X-ray for medical use, compact pulsed power source etc. The technology of high voltage DC switching power supply has been successfully developed in advanced countries, but is under development in China. In this paper some technical questions of high voltage DC switching power supply were investigated by using theoretical analyses, numerical simulation and experiment.
In chapter 2, the nonlinear feature of iron core of transformer in switching power supply was studied. According to the characteristics of switching power supply, the topology structure of resonant converter was selected. The characteristics of out put voltage and current vs. frequency for the three kinds of resonant converter were analyzed and compared.
In chapter 3, according to the requirements of high voltage power supply used for charging capacitors with constant current, the Series Resonant Converter (SRC) was chosen as the main circuit frame. The dynamic process of SRC was discussed by using mathematical analyses and numeric simulation to study the operational Characteristics, the effects of parameters of resonant circuit on them and the relationship between switching frequency and out put power, which provided the bases of designing the power supply.
In chapter 4, considering the features of high voltage transformer and the difficulties to make it, a reasonable design scheme with SRC was proposed, which efficiently reduced negative influence of distributing parameters of transformer on switching power supply and could completely utilize leakage inductance as resonant inductance.
In chapter 5, the controller of resonant converter designed by myself, was introduced, in which Zero Current Switching (ZCS) had been realized. Experimental results showed that the controller was well suited to resonant converters with different frequencies, and had the advantages of high reliability, low wastage and low Electro Magnetic Interfere (EMI).
At last, a high voltage power supply used for charging capacitors with constant current has been designed and completed. The operational Characteristics of this power supply were proved by experiments to be fully agreed with the designing targets.
引文
[1] 季幼章．电源技术的创新与发展．HTTP://WWW.CPS.COM.CN
[2] 肖如泉，王琰．高压直流试验电源及新发展．高电压技术，1997，vol23：p44-45
[3] 张仁豫等．高电压试验技术．北京：清华大学出版社，1982
[4] 张国君．现代电力电子及电源技术的发展．HTTP://WWW.CPS.COM.CN
[5] 魏智．用于雷达发射机的140kW高压开关电源．现代雷达，2000，6
[6] 胡素华，余增亮．200kV高压直流开关电源．高电压设备，2001，vol 37：p26-31
[7] 张芝涛．产生高浓度臭氧用20kHz高压逆变电源的研制．高电压技术，2001，vol27：p6-9
[8] 谭宇刚．100kV／200kW三相恒流重复频率自动充电装置的研制．[硕士学位论文]．北京：清华大学，2001年
[9] 陈警．脉冲激光充电电源综述．中国电源博览．2002，4：16-20
[10] 郎家骏．电除雾器的高效恒流高压直流电源．硫酸工业，1998，No．1：p28-30
[11] 孟洲．大功率无级可调恒流网络研制．高电压技术，1998，24：p20-21
[12] Choroba S, Hameister J. The 3rd klystron modulator workshop:development of ILC modulator components and modulators for L,S, and X band klystrons. Stanford, CA, 29 Jun-2 Jul 1998
[13] Jeong I.-W, Chang, H.-K. A constant current high voltage capacitor charging power supply for pulsed power applications. IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Jun 17-22 2001 2001 Sponsored by: IEEE p P2L14 0730-9244
[14] Cathell F, Harris. High-regulation capacitor-charging power supplies Strickland. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering v 2374 Feb 5 1995 1995 Sponsored by: SPIE - Int Soc for Opt Engineering, Bellingham, WA USA Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers p 86-97 0277-786X
[15] Endo, Yamazaki. Development of high power capacitor
charging power supply for pulsed power applications Digest of Technical Papers-IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference 2 Jun 27-Jun 30 1999 1999 IEEE p 1414-1416
[16] Przybyla, J.S. (EEV Ltd).High power (>100 kW) resonant converters in high voltage DC power supplies and capacitor chargers Source: IEE Colloquium (Digest) v 258&441 Apr 1-2 1998 1998 IEE p 25/1-25/8 0963-3308
[17] 叶兰翔．重复运行加速器充电电源的研制．[硕士学位论文]．北京：国防科技大学，1996年
[18] 王东蕾．CO＜，2＞激光器高频开关电源．[硕士学位论文]．北京：中国科学院，1999年
[19] 谌平平．中频高压电源—全桥零电压LCC型串并联谐振恒定频率相移PWM控制电容充电电源．[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，1997年
[20] 钟洪浩．功率因素校正高压脉冲电容充电电源的研制．[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，1999年
[21] 万伟．高频高压电源．[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，1995
[22] 尚雷，王相綦，裴元吉．新型软开关高压脉冲电容恒流充电技术分析，强激光与粒子束，2001，2
[23] 尚雷，王相綦，裴元吉．冲击磁铁脉冲调制器的谐振开关高压充电电路及数值模拟．强激光与粒子束，1998，1
[24] 范青．一种高压脉冲电源充电技术的研究．电力电子技术，2002，3
[25] 曾江涛，孙凤举等．50kV／4A输出高压恒流电压[J]．强激光与粒子束，2000，12(1)：p111-114．
[26] 蔡宣三，龚绍文．高频功率电子学．北京：科学出版社，1993
[27] Muhammad H. Rashid. Power Electronics. Second Edition. New Jersey:Prentice Hall, 1993
[28] S.D. Johnson, A.F. Witulski. A Comparison of Resonant Topologies in High Voltage DC Application. IEEE Trans on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1988, Vol24:p263-264
[29] Robert L. Steigerwald. A Comparison of Half-Bridge Resonant Converter Topologies. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics Vol3,1988:p174-182
[30] 张一工．电力电子技术原理．北京：华北电力大学，1997
[31] S.R. Newton, R.M. Nelms. Simulation of Capacitor Charging Power Supplies. In Proc. 25th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conf. Vol. 1,1990:p386-390
[32] 范青，汪邦金．线型调制器谐振逆变充电技术的分析．现代电子，1998．1：p36-42
[33] 曾忠，王慧贞．谐振充电式脉冲激光电源的研制．电力电子技术，2001．1：p19-20
[34] 王学充．串联谐振开关型脉冲激光电源．[硕士学位论文]．天津：天津大学，1987年
[35] Ramesh Oruganti, Fred C. Lee. Resonant Power Processors, Part Ⅰ-State Plane Analysis. IEEE Trans on Industry Application, NO. 6,1985:p1453-1460
[36] 王瑞华．电子变压器设计手册．北京：科学技术出版社，1993
[37] Hirofumi HINO, Mutsuo Nakaoka. Resonant PWM Inverter Linked DC-DC Converter Using Parasitic Impedances of High-Voltage Transformer and Its Application to X-RAY Generator. IEEE PESC, 1988:p1212-1219
[38] 李春光，李会楠．磁性材料在静电高压电源中的应用．中国物理学会第七届静电学术年会，1996．8：p291-294
[39] 张占松，蔡宣三．开关电源的原理与设计．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[40] 电子变压器专业委员会．电子变压器手册．沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，1998
[41] 邵学飞，李威强．浅析高频变压器分布参数的变化趋势．电力电子技术，1995．2：p44-46
[42] 李胜利，李劲．中频高压变压器动态过程分析及设计结构．高电压技术，2001，NO6：p28-30
[43] Endo, Yamazaki. Development of high power capacitor charging power supply for pulsed power applications Digest of Technical Papers-IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference 2 Jun 2Z-Jun 30 1999 1999 IEEE p 1414-1416
[44] H. Takano, J. Takahashi. Feasible Characteristic Evaluations of Resonant Tank PWM Inverter-Linked DC-DC High-Power Converters for Medical-Use High-Voltage
Application. IEEE, 1995:p913-919
[45] B.E. Strichland, M. Garbi. 2-KJ/sec 25kV high-frequency capacityor charging power supply using MOSFET switches. In Proc. 1990 19th Power Modulator Symp, June, 1990:p531-534
[46] Aaron C. Lippincott. A Capacitor-Charging Power Supply Using a Series-Resonant Topology, Constant On-Time/Variable Frequency Control, and Zero-Current Switching. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics, Vol.38, 1991:p438447
[2] 肖如泉，王琰．高压直流试验电源及新发展．高电压技术，1997，vol23：p44-45
[3] 张仁豫等．高电压试验技术．北京：清华大学出版社，1982
[4] 张国君．现代电力电子及电源技术的发展．HTTP://WWW.CPS.COM.CN
[5] 魏智．用于雷达发射机的140kW高压开关电源．现代雷达，2000，6
[6] 胡素华，余增亮．200kV高压直流开关电源．高电压设备，2001，vol 37：p26-31
[7] 张芝涛．产生高浓度臭氧用20kHz高压逆变电源的研制．高电压技术，2001，vol27：p6-9
[8] 谭宇刚．100kV／200kW三相恒流重复频率自动充电装置的研制．[硕士学位论文]．北京：清华大学，2001年
[9] 陈警．脉冲激光充电电源综述．中国电源博览．2002，4：16-20
[10] 郎家骏．电除雾器的高效恒流高压直流电源．硫酸工业，1998，No．1：p28-30
[11] 孟洲．大功率无级可调恒流网络研制．高电压技术，1998，24：p20-21
[12] Choroba S, Hameister J. The 3rd klystron modulator workshop:development of ILC modulator components and modulators for L,S, and X band klystrons. Stanford, CA, 29 Jun-2 Jul 1998
[13] Jeong I.-W, Chang, H.-K. A constant current high voltage capacitor charging power supply for pulsed power applications. IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science, Jun 17-22 2001 2001 Sponsored by: IEEE p P2L14 0730-9244
[14] Cathell F, Harris. High-regulation capacitor-charging power supplies Strickland. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering v 2374 Feb 5 1995 1995 Sponsored by: SPIE - Int Soc for Opt Engineering, Bellingham, WA USA Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers p 86-97 0277-786X
[15] Endo, Yamazaki. Development of high power capacitor
charging power supply for pulsed power applications Digest of Technical Papers-IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference 2 Jun 27-Jun 30 1999 1999 IEEE p 1414-1416
[16] Przybyla, J.S. (EEV Ltd).High power (>100 kW) resonant converters in high voltage DC power supplies and capacitor chargers Source: IEE Colloquium (Digest) v 258&441 Apr 1-2 1998 1998 IEE p 25/1-25/8 0963-3308
[17] 叶兰翔．重复运行加速器充电电源的研制．[硕士学位论文]．北京：国防科技大学，1996年
[18] 王东蕾．CO＜，2＞激光器高频开关电源．[硕士学位论文]．北京：中国科学院，1999年
[19] 谌平平．中频高压电源—全桥零电压LCC型串并联谐振恒定频率相移PWM控制电容充电电源．[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，1997年
[20] 钟洪浩．功率因素校正高压脉冲电容充电电源的研制．[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，1999年
[21] 万伟．高频高压电源．[硕士学位论文]．大连：大连理工大学，1995
[22] 尚雷，王相綦，裴元吉．新型软开关高压脉冲电容恒流充电技术分析，强激光与粒子束，2001，2
[23] 尚雷，王相綦，裴元吉．冲击磁铁脉冲调制器的谐振开关高压充电电路及数值模拟．强激光与粒子束，1998，1
[24] 范青．一种高压脉冲电源充电技术的研究．电力电子技术，2002，3
[25] 曾江涛，孙凤举等．50kV／4A输出高压恒流电压[J]．强激光与粒子束，2000，12(1)：p111-114．
[26] 蔡宣三，龚绍文．高频功率电子学．北京：科学出版社，1993
[27] Muhammad H. Rashid. Power Electronics. Second Edition. New Jersey:Prentice Hall, 1993
[28] S.D. Johnson, A.F. Witulski. A Comparison of Resonant Topologies in High Voltage DC Application. IEEE Trans on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1988, Vol24:p263-264
[29] Robert L. Steigerwald. A Comparison of Half-Bridge Resonant Converter Topologies. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics Vol3,1988:p174-182
[30] 张一工．电力电子技术原理．北京：华北电力大学，1997
[31] S.R. Newton, R.M. Nelms. Simulation of Capacitor Charging Power Supplies. In Proc. 25th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conf. Vol. 1,1990:p386-390
[32] 范青，汪邦金．线型调制器谐振逆变充电技术的分析．现代电子，1998．1：p36-42
[33] 曾忠，王慧贞．谐振充电式脉冲激光电源的研制．电力电子技术，2001．1：p19-20
[34] 王学充．串联谐振开关型脉冲激光电源．[硕士学位论文]．天津：天津大学，1987年
[35] Ramesh Oruganti, Fred C. Lee. Resonant Power Processors, Part Ⅰ-State Plane Analysis. IEEE Trans on Industry Application, NO. 6,1985:p1453-1460
[36] 王瑞华．电子变压器设计手册．北京：科学技术出版社，1993
[37] Hirofumi HINO, Mutsuo Nakaoka. Resonant PWM Inverter Linked DC-DC Converter Using Parasitic Impedances of High-Voltage Transformer and Its Application to X-RAY Generator. IEEE PESC, 1988:p1212-1219
[38] 李春光，李会楠．磁性材料在静电高压电源中的应用．中国物理学会第七届静电学术年会，1996．8：p291-294
[39] 张占松，蔡宣三．开关电源的原理与设计．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[40] 电子变压器专业委员会．电子变压器手册．沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，1998
[41] 邵学飞，李威强．浅析高频变压器分布参数的变化趋势．电力电子技术，1995．2：p44-46
[42] 李胜利，李劲．中频高压变压器动态过程分析及设计结构．高电压技术，2001，NO6：p28-30
[43] Endo, Yamazaki. Development of high power capacitor charging power supply for pulsed power applications Digest of Technical Papers-IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference 2 Jun 2Z-Jun 30 1999 1999 IEEE p 1414-1416
[44] H. Takano, J. Takahashi. Feasible Characteristic Evaluations of Resonant Tank PWM Inverter-Linked DC-DC High-Power Converters for Medical-Use High-Voltage
Application. IEEE, 1995:p913-919
[45] B.E. Strichland, M. Garbi. 2-KJ/sec 25kV high-frequency capacityor charging power supply using MOSFET switches. In Proc. 1990 19th Power Modulator Symp, June, 1990:p531-534
[46] Aaron C. Lippincott. A Capacitor-Charging Power Supply Using a Series-Resonant Topology, Constant On-Time/Variable Frequency Control, and Zero-Current Switching. IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics, Vol.38, 1991:p438447