基于电路理论的信号交叉口交通流模型研究
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摘要
本文依托国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)“大城市交通拥堵瓶颈的基础科学问题研究”的课题“城市交通系统的组织优化与控制”、国家自然科学基金重点项目“城市路网动态交通管理与控制关键理论及其模拟技术研究”而完成。论文主要对信号交叉口交通流的释放规律进行研究,建立了信号交叉口交通流模型。
首先,论文以长春市典型信号交叉口的交通调查数据为基础,研究信号交叉口交通流的释放特性,包括概率统计特性和时变特性,为模型的建立奠定了基础。然后,论文深入分析信号交叉口与电路的相似性,建立了模拟电路信号交叉口交通流模型,以实际交通调查数据验证模型并分析模型的合理性。最后,应用模型,以模拟电路交通流模型为基础,建立饱和流率的测算模型和信号交叉口下游断面流量的预测模型,并对模型进行了验证。
本论文的研究成果可以完善交通流理论、为交通控制提供理论参考。
Intersections are significant joints of road network and throat of traffic. Solving intersection problems is crucial to solve traffic problems. Road intersections are facilities linking roads, which can make roads play a network function. They are the main concentrated spots with people and vehicles. The traffic congestion mainly happens at intersections. In the whole road network, traffic bottleneck arise from the lack of intersection’s capacity. It can bring about traffic jam. Due to vehicles’interweaved running, intersections become the traffic black spots and are focused on in traffic safety aspect.
To solve the intersection’s problem, its traffic flow characteristics should be researched first of all. The dissertation is supported by the subject“The Organization and Optimization of Traffic systems”which is part of the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)“The basic science problems of traffic bottleneck in metropolis’’and the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation“Study on the critical theory and simulation technique of dynamic traffic management and control in urban network”. The traffic flow characteristics of signalized intersections are researched in the paper. Its results will have important meaning in two aspects: One is these fruits can develop and consummate the traffic flow theory academically. There are seldom researches on traffic flow characteristics at signalized intersections dynamically and quantitatively, whereas there are some qualitative researches. This paper can complement this aspect. The other is these fruits can supply reference for traffic control theoretically. Delay is a important factor to evaluate the level of service at signalized intersections and is a significant criterion to estimate the intersection’s signal timing design. At the same time, delay is so related to the rules of vehicles’arrival and departure that the researches on traffic flow’s departure rules at signalized intersections give a reference to calculate delay theoretically.
The rules of traffic flow’s departure at signalized intersections are studied emphatically in this paper. Firstly, the statistical distribution of traffic flow characteristic parameters is tested with the probability statistics’method. Moreover, traffic flow model by simulating circuit at signalized intersections is set up in the paper, which can dynamically and quantitatively describe the traffic flow’s departure characteristics at signalized intersections. In the of the paper., the model is applied to calculate saturation flow rate and forecast the flow of the point downstream of the signal. The full paper is composed of five chapters and every one is arranged as follows:
Chapter One first introduces the development and main models of traffic flow briefly and then points out the thesis’s value, method and content. It sets a basis for the continued research.
Chapter Two, based on the traffic survey data at a representative intersection in the city of Changchun, researches the traffic flow’s departure characteristics at signalized intersections. The thesis researches the statistical distribution’s characteristics at signalized intersections with probability theory. The distributions of traffic flow parameters headway and speed are both verified. And the time dependent characteristics are analyzed. This chapter is the theoretical basis of the founding of the traffic flow model by simulating circuit.
Chapter Three, based on circuit theory, sets up traffic flow model at signalized intersections. The research of Chapter Two indicates traffic flow at signalized intersections holds the time dependent pulse characteristics which is similar to the capacitance in circuit. It can only get traffic flow’s statistical characteristics but can’t obtain the time dependent characteristics with the probability statistics’method. In order to describe the traffic flow’s the time dependent pulse characteristics quantitatively at signalized intersections, this chapter, based on circuit theory, thoroughly analyses the comparability of the signalized intersection and RLC circuit. And then traffic flow departure model is set up according to a designed circuit for simulating the signalized intersection. Immediately after that the model is verified by the practical traffic survey data at a representative intersection in the city of Changchun and the error brought about by the model is given. Lastly, rationality of quantitatively describing the traffic flow’s departure rules at signalized intersections is analyzed.
Chapter Four applies the traffic flow model by simulating circuit. Based on the very model, saturation traffic flow calculating model and the flow forecasting model on the point downstream of the signal are both set up. At first, saturation traffic flow calculating model is deduced from the traffic flow model by simulating circuit. The calculating model is verified according to the practical traffic investigation data and is compared with the calculating result of the improved headway calculating model. Then, based on the premise of platoon dispersion the flow forecasting model on the point downstream of the signal is deduced from traffic flow model by simulating circuit. After practical traffic data processed, the forecasting model is verified and the cause of the model-bringing error is then analyzed.
Chapter Five is the conclusion of the thesis. The research process and main contents of it are looked back. The deficiency is pointed out and the problems that need to further study is put forward.
首先,论文以长春市典型信号交叉口的交通调查数据为基础,研究信号交叉口交通流的释放特性,包括概率统计特性和时变特性,为模型的建立奠定了基础。然后,论文深入分析信号交叉口与电路的相似性,建立了模拟电路信号交叉口交通流模型,以实际交通调查数据验证模型并分析模型的合理性。最后,应用模型,以模拟电路交通流模型为基础,建立饱和流率的测算模型和信号交叉口下游断面流量的预测模型,并对模型进行了验证。
本论文的研究成果可以完善交通流理论、为交通控制提供理论参考。
Intersections are significant joints of road network and throat of traffic. Solving intersection problems is crucial to solve traffic problems. Road intersections are facilities linking roads, which can make roads play a network function. They are the main concentrated spots with people and vehicles. The traffic congestion mainly happens at intersections. In the whole road network, traffic bottleneck arise from the lack of intersection’s capacity. It can bring about traffic jam. Due to vehicles’interweaved running, intersections become the traffic black spots and are focused on in traffic safety aspect.
To solve the intersection’s problem, its traffic flow characteristics should be researched first of all. The dissertation is supported by the subject“The Organization and Optimization of Traffic systems”which is part of the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)“The basic science problems of traffic bottleneck in metropolis’’and the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation“Study on the critical theory and simulation technique of dynamic traffic management and control in urban network”. The traffic flow characteristics of signalized intersections are researched in the paper. Its results will have important meaning in two aspects: One is these fruits can develop and consummate the traffic flow theory academically. There are seldom researches on traffic flow characteristics at signalized intersections dynamically and quantitatively, whereas there are some qualitative researches. This paper can complement this aspect. The other is these fruits can supply reference for traffic control theoretically. Delay is a important factor to evaluate the level of service at signalized intersections and is a significant criterion to estimate the intersection’s signal timing design. At the same time, delay is so related to the rules of vehicles’arrival and departure that the researches on traffic flow’s departure rules at signalized intersections give a reference to calculate delay theoretically.
The rules of traffic flow’s departure at signalized intersections are studied emphatically in this paper. Firstly, the statistical distribution of traffic flow characteristic parameters is tested with the probability statistics’method. Moreover, traffic flow model by simulating circuit at signalized intersections is set up in the paper, which can dynamically and quantitatively describe the traffic flow’s departure characteristics at signalized intersections. In the of the paper., the model is applied to calculate saturation flow rate and forecast the flow of the point downstream of the signal. The full paper is composed of five chapters and every one is arranged as follows:
Chapter One first introduces the development and main models of traffic flow briefly and then points out the thesis’s value, method and content. It sets a basis for the continued research.
Chapter Two, based on the traffic survey data at a representative intersection in the city of Changchun, researches the traffic flow’s departure characteristics at signalized intersections. The thesis researches the statistical distribution’s characteristics at signalized intersections with probability theory. The distributions of traffic flow parameters headway and speed are both verified. And the time dependent characteristics are analyzed. This chapter is the theoretical basis of the founding of the traffic flow model by simulating circuit.
Chapter Three, based on circuit theory, sets up traffic flow model at signalized intersections. The research of Chapter Two indicates traffic flow at signalized intersections holds the time dependent pulse characteristics which is similar to the capacitance in circuit. It can only get traffic flow’s statistical characteristics but can’t obtain the time dependent characteristics with the probability statistics’method. In order to describe the traffic flow’s the time dependent pulse characteristics quantitatively at signalized intersections, this chapter, based on circuit theory, thoroughly analyses the comparability of the signalized intersection and RLC circuit. And then traffic flow departure model is set up according to a designed circuit for simulating the signalized intersection. Immediately after that the model is verified by the practical traffic survey data at a representative intersection in the city of Changchun and the error brought about by the model is given. Lastly, rationality of quantitatively describing the traffic flow’s departure rules at signalized intersections is analyzed.
Chapter Four applies the traffic flow model by simulating circuit. Based on the very model, saturation traffic flow calculating model and the flow forecasting model on the point downstream of the signal are both set up. At first, saturation traffic flow calculating model is deduced from the traffic flow model by simulating circuit. The calculating model is verified according to the practical traffic investigation data and is compared with the calculating result of the improved headway calculating model. Then, based on the premise of platoon dispersion the flow forecasting model on the point downstream of the signal is deduced from traffic flow model by simulating circuit. After practical traffic data processed, the forecasting model is verified and the cause of the model-bringing error is then analyzed.
Chapter Five is the conclusion of the thesis. The research process and main contents of it are looked back. The deficiency is pointed out and the problems that need to further study is put forward.
引文
[1] Carlos F. Daganzo,Jorge Laval,Juan Carlos Mu?oz. Ten Strategies for Freeway Congestion Mitigation with Advanced Technologies[R].California PATH Research Report,UCB-ITS-PRR-2002-3,2002.
[2] Roger P.Roess, William R.Mcshane,and Elena S.Prassas. Traffic Engineering (Second Edition)[M]. United States: Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey,1998.
[3] 王殿海,赵志宏.模拟电路系统研究网络交通流特性的思想与方法[J].系 统工程理论与实践,2002(9):107～144.
[4] 赵志宏.模拟电路系统网络交通流模型结构研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位 论文,2002.
[5] Dian-Hai Wang and Hai-xia Zhang.New Traffic Assignment Method on Circuit Theory for Urban Planning[J].Journal of Urban Planning and Development ,2005, 130(1):30～38.
[6] 张海霞.基于电路理论的城市交通网络平衡分析方法研究[D].吉林大学 硕士学位论文,2004.
[7] 王殿海.交通流理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[8] Nathan H.Gartner,Carroll Messer,Ajay K.Rathi. Monograph on Traffic Flow Theory[M].The Federal Highway Administration(FHWA),1996.
[9] 熊烈强,张正压,李杰. 宏观交通流建模方法研究[J].武汉理工大学学报, 2005,29(1):26～29.
[10] 何民,刘小明,荣建.交通流跟驰模型研究进展[J].人类工效学,2000, 2(2):46～50.
[11] 张智勇,荣建,任福田.跟车模型研究综述[J].公路交通科技,2004,21(8):108～113.
[12] 王炜,过秀成.交通工程学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000.
[13] 郑英力,翟润平,马社强.交通流元胞自动机模型综述[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(1):110～115.
[14] 李江.交通工程学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[15] 盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[16] 全永燊．城市交通控制[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1989.
[17] 卢元元,王晖.电路理论基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[18] 邱关源. 电路(上). 北京:高等教育出版社,1995.
[19] 徐涛.数值计算方法[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1998.
[20] 姜桂艳.道路交通状态判别技术与应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[21] Transportation Research Board. Highway Capacity Manual, Special Report 209,TRB,National Research Council, Washing, D.C.1994.
[22] D.Richardson,J.Schnablegger and B.Stephenson etc. Canadian Capacity Guide for Signalized Intersection. Institute of Transportation Engineers, District 7, Canada, 1984.
[23] R.Akcelik.Traffic Signals:Capacity and Timing Analysis. Australia Road Research Board, Research Report ARR No.123, Australia, 1989.
[24] R.M.Shanteau.Using Cumulative Curve to Measuring Saturation Flow and Lost Time. ITE Journal. 1988:68～77.
[25] 王殿海,杨少辉,景春光.累计曲线法计算饱和流率和相位损失时间[J]. 交通运输工程学报,2003,3(3):75～78.
[26] TRRL. A Method for Measuring Saturation Flow at Signalized Intersection. Road Note 34~196. Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, England, 1963.
[27] 姜景玲.混和交通流信号配时参数及优化方法研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[28] 杨兆升.智能运输系统概论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005.
[29] 杨兆升.城市交通流诱导系统理论与模型[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000.
[30] 王殿海,汪志涛.车队离散性研究[J].交通运输工程学报,2001,1(1):68～71.
[31] 李凤.过饱和状态下交叉口车辆延误和排队长度模型研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[2] Roger P.Roess, William R.Mcshane,and Elena S.Prassas. Traffic Engineering (Second Edition)[M]. United States: Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, New Jersey,1998.
[3] 王殿海,赵志宏.模拟电路系统研究网络交通流特性的思想与方法[J].系 统工程理论与实践,2002(9):107～144.
[4] 赵志宏.模拟电路系统网络交通流模型结构研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位 论文,2002.
[5] Dian-Hai Wang and Hai-xia Zhang.New Traffic Assignment Method on Circuit Theory for Urban Planning[J].Journal of Urban Planning and Development ,2005, 130(1):30～38.
[6] 张海霞.基于电路理论的城市交通网络平衡分析方法研究[D].吉林大学 硕士学位论文,2004.
[7] 王殿海.交通流理论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[8] Nathan H.Gartner,Carroll Messer,Ajay K.Rathi. Monograph on Traffic Flow Theory[M].The Federal Highway Administration(FHWA),1996.
[9] 熊烈强,张正压,李杰. 宏观交通流建模方法研究[J].武汉理工大学学报, 2005,29(1):26～29.
[10] 何民,刘小明,荣建.交通流跟驰模型研究进展[J].人类工效学,2000, 2(2):46～50.
[11] 张智勇,荣建,任福田.跟车模型研究综述[J].公路交通科技,2004,21(8):108～113.
[12] 王炜,过秀成.交通工程学[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2000.
[13] 郑英力,翟润平,马社强.交通流元胞自动机模型综述[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(1):110～115.
[14] 李江.交通工程学[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[15] 盛骤,谢式千,潘承毅.概率论与数理统计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[16] 全永燊．城市交通控制[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1989.
[17] 卢元元,王晖.电路理论基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[18] 邱关源. 电路(上). 北京:高等教育出版社,1995.
[19] 徐涛.数值计算方法[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1998.
[20] 姜桂艳.道路交通状态判别技术与应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[21] Transportation Research Board. Highway Capacity Manual, Special Report 209,TRB,National Research Council, Washing, D.C.1994.
[22] D.Richardson,J.Schnablegger and B.Stephenson etc. Canadian Capacity Guide for Signalized Intersection. Institute of Transportation Engineers, District 7, Canada, 1984.
[23] R.Akcelik.Traffic Signals:Capacity and Timing Analysis. Australia Road Research Board, Research Report ARR No.123, Australia, 1989.
[24] R.M.Shanteau.Using Cumulative Curve to Measuring Saturation Flow and Lost Time. ITE Journal. 1988:68～77.
[25] 王殿海,杨少辉,景春光.累计曲线法计算饱和流率和相位损失时间[J]. 交通运输工程学报,2003,3(3):75～78.
[26] TRRL. A Method for Measuring Saturation Flow at Signalized Intersection. Road Note 34~196. Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, England, 1963.
[27] 姜景玲.混和交通流信号配时参数及优化方法研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[28] 杨兆升.智能运输系统概论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005.
[29] 杨兆升.城市交通流诱导系统理论与模型[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000.
[30] 王殿海,汪志涛.车队离散性研究[J].交通运输工程学报,2001,1(1):68～71.
[31] 李凤.过饱和状态下交叉口车辆延误和排队长度模型研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2006.