大型结构物称重系统精度分析及补偿技术研究
摘要
随着海洋开发的不断深入,超大型结构物屡见不鲜。在预制的过程中,由于设备、设计修改以及焊接材料的诸多因素的影响,使结构物的重量和重心与设计值往往存在较大误差。大型结构物在海上安装过程中,受到作业机具吊装能力等因素的影响,需要准确的结构物重量和重心数值。为了能够确保工程的安全,在预制完毕后对结构物进行称重,确定结构物准确的重量和重心十分必要。对大型结构物称重系统精度分析,同时通过补偿技术提高称重系统的精度就重要的意义和工程价值。
大型结构物称重系统是由液压系统、电气控制系统、传感器与数据采集系统以及计算机控制系统等组成的复杂系统。本文对构成称重系统的关键设备如千斤顶、位移传感器、压力传感器等的精度进行系统分析,建立了影响称重系统精度分析的补偿模型,利用VB软件开发了相应的计算软件包,对称重误差进行了系统的补偿,大幅度地提高了整个系统的测量精度。具体工作主要包括以下几个方面:
1.通过研究大型结构物称重系统工作原理,重点分析影响称重系统精度的关键因素千斤顶摩擦力特性、千斤顶保压特性、千斤顶工作面积、压力传感器精度、位移传感器精度、数据采集器精度和千斤顶位置、不同步精度;
2.根据重量、重心计算模型,通过误差全微分分析方法,对影响重量精度的灵敏度、精度进行了系统分析,同时对总体影响重心精度的千斤顶位置、顶升过程的不同步精度进行了全面分析;
3.建立了称重误差补偿模型,重点考虑千斤顶摩擦力特性、千斤顶保压特性、千斤顶工作面积,使计算模型精度得到大幅度提高;
4.根据补偿模型,利用VB软件开发了相应的计算软件包;
5.结合实际称重工程,进行了称重系统精度分析和试验研究,结果表明通过称重误差补偿模型可以有效提高大型结构物称重系统的精确性。
Accompanying deeper exploitation of the sea, large structures have become very common. During the pre-fabricating process, affected by equipment, design modification and welding material such factors, the actual weight and gravity-center of the structures are deviated from the design values. During the installation of large structures on the sea, the weight and gravity-center values of the structures should be very accurate, considering the lifting capability of the operating apparatus. To secure the work safety, it is very important to weigh the structures after the prefabrication, to determine their exact weight and gravity-center. As a result, analyzing the accuracy of weighing system for the large structures and improving the accuracy of weighing system through compensation techniques are of great significance and engineering benefits.
The weighing system for the large structures is a complicated system consisting of hydraulic system, electric control system, sensors and data collecting system, and computer controlling system. This article systematically analyzes the accuracy of jacks, displacement sensors, and pressure sensors such key equipment forming the weighing system, establishes the analyzing and compensating module affecting the weighing system accuracy, developing relevant calculating software package applying VB software, systematically compensating the error of weighing, which as a result improve significantly the overall measuring accuracy of the whole system. The general procedure is listed below:
1. Based on the working principles of the weighing system for the ultra-large structures, focus on analyzing the major factors affecting the weighing system accuracy such as, friction characteristics of jack, pressure-sustaining characteristics of jack, service area of jack, accuracy of pressure sensor, accuracy of displacement sensor and accuracy of data collecting system, as well as jack location and desynchrony accuracy.
2. According to the weight and gravity-center calculation model, through error total differential analyzing method, analyze systematically the sensitivity and accuracy affecting the accuracy of weight. At the same time, analyze comprehensively the jack location and desynchrony during jacking affecting the gravity-center accuracy.
3. Establish the weighing error compensation model, which substantially increases the calculation accuracy. It focuses on the friction characteristics of jack, pressure-sustaining characteristics of jack, and service area of jack.
4. Based on the compensation model, the corresponding package co-software has been developed using VB.
5. Accuracy analysis and test researches have been carried out combining the actual weighing project. The results show that the accuracy of weighing system for the large structures has been effectively improved when use the weighing error compensation model. .
大型结构物称重系统是由液压系统、电气控制系统、传感器与数据采集系统以及计算机控制系统等组成的复杂系统。本文对构成称重系统的关键设备如千斤顶、位移传感器、压力传感器等的精度进行系统分析,建立了影响称重系统精度分析的补偿模型,利用VB软件开发了相应的计算软件包,对称重误差进行了系统的补偿,大幅度地提高了整个系统的测量精度。具体工作主要包括以下几个方面:
1.通过研究大型结构物称重系统工作原理,重点分析影响称重系统精度的关键因素千斤顶摩擦力特性、千斤顶保压特性、千斤顶工作面积、压力传感器精度、位移传感器精度、数据采集器精度和千斤顶位置、不同步精度;
2.根据重量、重心计算模型,通过误差全微分分析方法,对影响重量精度的灵敏度、精度进行了系统分析,同时对总体影响重心精度的千斤顶位置、顶升过程的不同步精度进行了全面分析;
3.建立了称重误差补偿模型,重点考虑千斤顶摩擦力特性、千斤顶保压特性、千斤顶工作面积,使计算模型精度得到大幅度提高;
4.根据补偿模型,利用VB软件开发了相应的计算软件包;
5.结合实际称重工程,进行了称重系统精度分析和试验研究,结果表明通过称重误差补偿模型可以有效提高大型结构物称重系统的精确性。
Accompanying deeper exploitation of the sea, large structures have become very common. During the pre-fabricating process, affected by equipment, design modification and welding material such factors, the actual weight and gravity-center of the structures are deviated from the design values. During the installation of large structures on the sea, the weight and gravity-center values of the structures should be very accurate, considering the lifting capability of the operating apparatus. To secure the work safety, it is very important to weigh the structures after the prefabrication, to determine their exact weight and gravity-center. As a result, analyzing the accuracy of weighing system for the large structures and improving the accuracy of weighing system through compensation techniques are of great significance and engineering benefits.
The weighing system for the large structures is a complicated system consisting of hydraulic system, electric control system, sensors and data collecting system, and computer controlling system. This article systematically analyzes the accuracy of jacks, displacement sensors, and pressure sensors such key equipment forming the weighing system, establishes the analyzing and compensating module affecting the weighing system accuracy, developing relevant calculating software package applying VB software, systematically compensating the error of weighing, which as a result improve significantly the overall measuring accuracy of the whole system. The general procedure is listed below:
1. Based on the working principles of the weighing system for the ultra-large structures, focus on analyzing the major factors affecting the weighing system accuracy such as, friction characteristics of jack, pressure-sustaining characteristics of jack, service area of jack, accuracy of pressure sensor, accuracy of displacement sensor and accuracy of data collecting system, as well as jack location and desynchrony accuracy.
2. According to the weight and gravity-center calculation model, through error total differential analyzing method, analyze systematically the sensitivity and accuracy affecting the accuracy of weight. At the same time, analyze comprehensively the jack location and desynchrony during jacking affecting the gravity-center accuracy.
3. Establish the weighing error compensation model, which substantially increases the calculation accuracy. It focuses on the friction characteristics of jack, pressure-sustaining characteristics of jack, and service area of jack.
4. Based on the compensation model, the corresponding package co-software has been developed using VB.
5. Accuracy analysis and test researches have been carried out combining the actual weighing project. The results show that the accuracy of weighing system for the large structures has been effectively improved when use the weighing error compensation model. .
引文
[1]白秉仁,章青,提高大型结构物称重系统可靠性与安全性研究,工业技术监督,2005,11:39~41
[2]费业泰,误差理论与数据处理.北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[3]经克,杨晓玉,杨尚平,液压缸附加摩擦力的理论分析和实验测定,组合机床与自动化加工技术,2000,(6):26~28
[4]蒋敏兰,费业泰,压力传感器系统精度损失诊断,上海交通大学学报,2006,40(12)
[5]张晓燕,自动称重系统的精度分析与同步控制:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2006
[6]朱熠伟,压力传感器系统精度损失诊断研究,机械与电子,2008,(15)
[7]沈显峰,姚进,任德均等,静态计量方式的微机控制配料系统精度控制,南京理工大学学报,2005,(8)
[8]刘学东,汽车悬架性测控系统研究:[硕士学位论文],吉林:吉林大学,2006
[9] Liu chun-hua,Qin Quan,Ststic analysis for suspension bridge under construction based on SFEM [J] .Journal Computation Mechanics,1998,15(2):232~235
[10]杨廷华,微机控制自动称重系统,自动化与仪表,2002,16(2):56~57
[11]闫群,袁夫彩,王晓霞,机械系统精度分配与评价方法的研究,林业机械与木工设备,2002年第8卷第30卷
[12]毛君,李娜,刘春华,基于ANSYS的液压支架千斤顶仿真分析,煤矿机械,2007年10月第28卷第10期
[13]卢腾镞,大型结构物自动称重系统的研究与开发:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2001
[14]刘子和,闻邦春,控制同步理论及其应用,全国第四届非线性振动会议论文集,1989
[15]林丽,精通Visual Basic for Windows.人民邮电出版社:北京,1995
[16]伦涛,称重及位移测量系统的研究:[硕士学位论文],吉林:吉林大学,2006
[17]吕新明,王伟明,提高称重精度的一种新滤波方法,北京化工大学学报,2003:第30卷第2期
[18]陈福泉,往复式液压缸摩擦力的测定研究,研究.开发,2001(2)
[19]李新德,工程机械液压缸漏油原因分析及对策,液压气动与密封,2005(3):44~46
[20]刘玉慧,液压缸泄漏分析及预防,农机医院,2007(3)
[21]陆佰勤,电子称重技术和自动称重系统的进展,自动化博览,1999(1):1-6
[22]崔志,机械衡器实现自动称重,工业计量,1998,8(5):44~45
[23]君浩辉,液压同步千斤顶在桥梁转体施工中的应用,江苏交通工程,2000,(2):12~15
[24]李新平,霍族亮,于仁萍等,基于Matlab/Simulink的液压缸建模与仿真,煤矿机械,2005年第7期
[25]平复强,千斤顶标定误差分析及标定要点,铁道标准设计,1998,6
[26]曹苏民,方昌林,比例方向阀位差瞬时补偿式液压同步控制,江苏工学院学报,1991年第3期
[27]吴志斌,千斤顶线性回归分析,计量与测试技术,2006,2
[28]胡翔,周谊东,压力表对液压千斤顶检定示值的影响分析,中国测试技术,2006,32(6)
[29]陈健,一种实用的大型构件液压同步提升控制策略,机床与液压,2000,(3)
[30]王林鸿,吴波,杜润生等,液压缸运动的非线性动态特征,机械工程学报,2007(13):12~19
[31]史俊青,中高压液压缸综合试验台的开发与应用,机械工程师,2007(6):118~120
[32]司葵卯,下谷成,液压比例同步控制回路,工程机械,2000,31(9):27~31
[33]陈伯时,自动控制系统,北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[34]魏因贝格,王文革,衡器的起源与未来,衡器,2000,29(5):47~52
[35]刘九卿,21世纪初我国称重传感器技术的发展与展望,衡器,1999,28(4):1~8
[36]吕书清,代晶辉,液压缸平稳性分析,哈尔滨商业大学学报,2008(24):224~232
[37]胡鸿志,付宗满,毛春红,超高大跨度结构安装测量控制技术,建筑技术,2007,7:506~509
[38]戴志成,卫龙武,某五层框架结构的顶升纠偏,山西建筑,2006(32):70~72
[39]刘光云,大型钢桁架的集群千斤顶整体提升技术研究与应用:[硕士学位论文],天津:重庆大学,2003
[40]刘静,甘屹,潘双夏,基于虚拟样机的挖掘机器人液压缸内摩擦力确定方法研究,机械设计,2008(25):30~32
[41]君浩辉,液压同步千斤顶在桥梁转体施工中的应用,江苏交通工程,2000,(2):12~15
[42]王建文,微机在电子称重系统中的应用,电脑应用技术,1999,(45):34~41
[43]李海波,大型设备液压同步系统,山西机械,1992,(3):26～28
[44]李志群,许志沛,间歇负载液压缸同步措施的比较与分析,铁道标准设计,2000,20(12):42～44
[45] Bidini G.Mariani F.Simulation of Hydraulic Power Plant Transients using Neural Networks,Proceedings of the Institution of MechanicalEngineers,PartA:JournalofPowerandEnergy,1997,211(5):393～398
[46]林丽等,精通Visual Basic for Windows,北京:人民邮电出版社,1995
[47]阮学斌,郑应文,全自动称重系统,基础自动化,1996,3(4):26～28
[2]费业泰,误差理论与数据处理.北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[3]经克,杨晓玉,杨尚平,液压缸附加摩擦力的理论分析和实验测定,组合机床与自动化加工技术,2000,(6):26~28
[4]蒋敏兰,费业泰,压力传感器系统精度损失诊断,上海交通大学学报,2006,40(12)
[5]张晓燕,自动称重系统的精度分析与同步控制:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2006
[6]朱熠伟,压力传感器系统精度损失诊断研究,机械与电子,2008,(15)
[7]沈显峰,姚进,任德均等,静态计量方式的微机控制配料系统精度控制,南京理工大学学报,2005,(8)
[8]刘学东,汽车悬架性测控系统研究:[硕士学位论文],吉林:吉林大学,2006
[9] Liu chun-hua,Qin Quan,Ststic analysis for suspension bridge under construction based on SFEM [J] .Journal Computation Mechanics,1998,15(2):232~235
[10]杨廷华,微机控制自动称重系统,自动化与仪表,2002,16(2):56~57
[11]闫群,袁夫彩,王晓霞,机械系统精度分配与评价方法的研究,林业机械与木工设备,2002年第8卷第30卷
[12]毛君,李娜,刘春华,基于ANSYS的液压支架千斤顶仿真分析,煤矿机械,2007年10月第28卷第10期
[13]卢腾镞,大型结构物自动称重系统的研究与开发:[硕士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2001
[14]刘子和,闻邦春,控制同步理论及其应用,全国第四届非线性振动会议论文集,1989
[15]林丽,精通Visual Basic for Windows.人民邮电出版社:北京,1995
[16]伦涛,称重及位移测量系统的研究:[硕士学位论文],吉林:吉林大学,2006
[17]吕新明,王伟明,提高称重精度的一种新滤波方法,北京化工大学学报,2003:第30卷第2期
[18]陈福泉,往复式液压缸摩擦力的测定研究,研究.开发,2001(2)
[19]李新德,工程机械液压缸漏油原因分析及对策,液压气动与密封,2005(3):44~46
[20]刘玉慧,液压缸泄漏分析及预防,农机医院,2007(3)
[21]陆佰勤,电子称重技术和自动称重系统的进展,自动化博览,1999(1):1-6
[22]崔志,机械衡器实现自动称重,工业计量,1998,8(5):44~45
[23]君浩辉,液压同步千斤顶在桥梁转体施工中的应用,江苏交通工程,2000,(2):12~15
[24]李新平,霍族亮,于仁萍等,基于Matlab/Simulink的液压缸建模与仿真,煤矿机械,2005年第7期
[25]平复强,千斤顶标定误差分析及标定要点,铁道标准设计,1998,6
[26]曹苏民,方昌林,比例方向阀位差瞬时补偿式液压同步控制,江苏工学院学报,1991年第3期
[27]吴志斌,千斤顶线性回归分析,计量与测试技术,2006,2
[28]胡翔,周谊东,压力表对液压千斤顶检定示值的影响分析,中国测试技术,2006,32(6)
[29]陈健,一种实用的大型构件液压同步提升控制策略,机床与液压,2000,(3)
[30]王林鸿,吴波,杜润生等,液压缸运动的非线性动态特征,机械工程学报,2007(13):12~19
[31]史俊青,中高压液压缸综合试验台的开发与应用,机械工程师,2007(6):118~120
[32]司葵卯,下谷成,液压比例同步控制回路,工程机械,2000,31(9):27~31
[33]陈伯时,自动控制系统,北京:机械工业出版社,1981
[34]魏因贝格,王文革,衡器的起源与未来,衡器,2000,29(5):47~52
[35]刘九卿,21世纪初我国称重传感器技术的发展与展望,衡器,1999,28(4):1~8
[36]吕书清,代晶辉,液压缸平稳性分析,哈尔滨商业大学学报,2008(24):224~232
[37]胡鸿志,付宗满,毛春红,超高大跨度结构安装测量控制技术,建筑技术,2007,7:506~509
[38]戴志成,卫龙武,某五层框架结构的顶升纠偏,山西建筑,2006(32):70~72
[39]刘光云,大型钢桁架的集群千斤顶整体提升技术研究与应用:[硕士学位论文],天津:重庆大学,2003
[40]刘静,甘屹,潘双夏,基于虚拟样机的挖掘机器人液压缸内摩擦力确定方法研究,机械设计,2008(25):30~32
[41]君浩辉,液压同步千斤顶在桥梁转体施工中的应用,江苏交通工程,2000,(2):12~15
[42]王建文,微机在电子称重系统中的应用,电脑应用技术,1999,(45):34~41
[43]李海波,大型设备液压同步系统,山西机械,1992,(3):26～28
[44]李志群,许志沛,间歇负载液压缸同步措施的比较与分析,铁道标准设计,2000,20(12):42～44
[45] Bidini G.Mariani F.Simulation of Hydraulic Power Plant Transients using Neural Networks,Proceedings of the Institution of MechanicalEngineers,PartA:JournalofPowerandEnergy,1997,211(5):393～398
[46]林丽等,精通Visual Basic for Windows,北京:人民邮电出版社,1995
[47]阮学斌,郑应文,全自动称重系统,基础自动化,1996,3(4):26～28