高速铁路综合客运枢纽行人集散仿真研究与实现
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摘要
高速铁路综合客运枢纽是客运交通系统的核心,是多种客运交通方式和大规模客流的集散场所,在客运交通枢纽体系中具有重要的作用和地位。然而枢纽内的客流具有很强的聚集效应,特别在高峰时期,大量的客流阻塞和停滞产生,导致枢纽设施服务水平和行人通行能力急剧下降。因此,需要深入研究客流在枢纽内的集散规律,从而提高枢纽设施的利用率、客流集散能力及行人服务水平。本文正是以此为出发点,建立了一种基于行人个体运动的行人集散仿真模型,并设计开发了行人集散仿真系统,以实现评估综合客运枢纽在不同客流条件下的适应性,寻找服务瓶颈点,为枢纽设施的合理布局和设计提供依据,并进行枢纽的安全性评估。
(1)本文对现有的行人运动仿真模型进行研究与分析,选取社会力模型为行人运动模型。在此基础上,论述了社会力模型的基本原理,并对其算法进行优化,提高运算效率。
(2)本文结合我国实际情况建立了铁路综合客运枢纽行人集散仿真模型。主要分析了枢纽内的行人特性,构建了行人模型,并对枢纽内的设施进行分析与研究,搭建了枢纽环境。在此基础上,对枢纽内的行人到达、行人运动、行人路径选择、行人障碍物规避及行人排队等行为特性进行研究,最后建立了行人交通行为仿真模型。
(3)本文以Visual C#语言和SQL server数据库为开发工具,以所建立的行人集散仿真模型为基础,开发了模拟枢纽行人流情况的仿真系统。系统分为数据库管理、客流属性设置、枢纽设施环境搭建、仿真控制和仿真结果输出五个模块。在模块分析的基础上,构建了行人仿真系统流程,最后设计出了系统的用户界面。
(4)针对一些虚拟的场景,利用行人仿真系统进行行人运动仿真实验,对仿真结果进行分析与评价,证明了本文所建立的行人交通行为仿真模型能较精确的模拟行人运动。
(5)对北京南站的客流集散进行了仿真,结合仿真结果对北京南站服务进行评价,给出合理化的建议。
因此,通过本文的工作,深入研究了行人集散仿真模型,建立了行人仿真平台,为实验室下一步的研究工作奠定了基础。
High-speed railway comprehensive passenger hub is the core of passenger transport system, is a variety of passenger transport mode and the distribution sites of large-scale passenger flow, and plays an important role and status in passenger transport hub system. However, the passenger flow in hub have strong cluster effect, especially in high level of Pedestrian flow, mass Pedestrian flow produce too many blocks, result in level of station service and pedestrians traffic capacity decreases rapidly. So through deeply research the rules of pedestrian flow gathering and distribution in hub, then improve the facilities utilization rate, the gathering and distribution capacities of passenger flow and pedestrian service level. Just as a starting point, this paper has built a pedestrian distribution simulation model based on pedestrian individual movement. A pedestrian distribution simulation system also was designed and developed in order to achieve the adaptability assessment of comprehensive passenger transportation hub in different flow conditions, find service bottlenecks, provide basis for hub facilities'reasonable layout and design, and assess the safety of the hub.
(1) This paper has made a research and analysis on existing simulation model of pedestrian movement and selected the social force model for pedestrian movement model. Based on this, the article states the basic principle of social force model, and optimizes its algorithm in order to improve the operation efficiency.
(2) According to the actual situation in our country, this paper established a pedestrian distribution simulation model of railway comprehensive passenger transportation hub. It mainly analyzes the characteristics of the pedestrian within the hub, constructs the pedestrian model, analyzes and studies the facilities within the hub, and builds the hub environment. On the analysis of this, we research on the pedestrian arrival, pedestrian movement, pedestrian route choice, pedestrian obstacle avoidance, pedestrian queuing and other issues within the hub, finally build the pedestrian traffic behavior simulation model.
(3) This paper has developed a simulation model that simulates the situation of pedestrian flow within the hub based on the pedestrian distribution simulation model and using Visual C# language and SQL server database as development tools. This system includes five modules:database management, attribute set of passenger flow; environment built of hub facilities, simulation control and simulation results. Based on the analysis of the module, we has constructed the pedestrian flow simulation system, and designed the user interface of system in the end.
(4) Aiming at some virtual scene, this article conducts the pedestrian movement simulation experiments using pedestrian simulation system, and also has some analysis and evaluation on simulation results. It has proved that the pedestrian traffic behavior simulation model created in this article can accurately simulate the pedestrian movement.
(5) We made the passenger distributing simulation in Beijing South Railway Station. According to the simulation results, we evaluate on services of Beijing South Railway Station, provide some rationalization proposals.
Therefore, through this study, we have researched the pedestrian distribution simulation model in-depth and established the pedestrian simulation platform. These laid the foundation for further laboratory research.
(1)本文对现有的行人运动仿真模型进行研究与分析,选取社会力模型为行人运动模型。在此基础上,论述了社会力模型的基本原理,并对其算法进行优化,提高运算效率。
(2)本文结合我国实际情况建立了铁路综合客运枢纽行人集散仿真模型。主要分析了枢纽内的行人特性,构建了行人模型,并对枢纽内的设施进行分析与研究,搭建了枢纽环境。在此基础上,对枢纽内的行人到达、行人运动、行人路径选择、行人障碍物规避及行人排队等行为特性进行研究,最后建立了行人交通行为仿真模型。
(3)本文以Visual C#语言和SQL server数据库为开发工具,以所建立的行人集散仿真模型为基础,开发了模拟枢纽行人流情况的仿真系统。系统分为数据库管理、客流属性设置、枢纽设施环境搭建、仿真控制和仿真结果输出五个模块。在模块分析的基础上,构建了行人仿真系统流程,最后设计出了系统的用户界面。
(4)针对一些虚拟的场景,利用行人仿真系统进行行人运动仿真实验,对仿真结果进行分析与评价,证明了本文所建立的行人交通行为仿真模型能较精确的模拟行人运动。
(5)对北京南站的客流集散进行了仿真,结合仿真结果对北京南站服务进行评价,给出合理化的建议。
因此,通过本文的工作,深入研究了行人集散仿真模型,建立了行人仿真平台,为实验室下一步的研究工作奠定了基础。
High-speed railway comprehensive passenger hub is the core of passenger transport system, is a variety of passenger transport mode and the distribution sites of large-scale passenger flow, and plays an important role and status in passenger transport hub system. However, the passenger flow in hub have strong cluster effect, especially in high level of Pedestrian flow, mass Pedestrian flow produce too many blocks, result in level of station service and pedestrians traffic capacity decreases rapidly. So through deeply research the rules of pedestrian flow gathering and distribution in hub, then improve the facilities utilization rate, the gathering and distribution capacities of passenger flow and pedestrian service level. Just as a starting point, this paper has built a pedestrian distribution simulation model based on pedestrian individual movement. A pedestrian distribution simulation system also was designed and developed in order to achieve the adaptability assessment of comprehensive passenger transportation hub in different flow conditions, find service bottlenecks, provide basis for hub facilities'reasonable layout and design, and assess the safety of the hub.
(1) This paper has made a research and analysis on existing simulation model of pedestrian movement and selected the social force model for pedestrian movement model. Based on this, the article states the basic principle of social force model, and optimizes its algorithm in order to improve the operation efficiency.
(2) According to the actual situation in our country, this paper established a pedestrian distribution simulation model of railway comprehensive passenger transportation hub. It mainly analyzes the characteristics of the pedestrian within the hub, constructs the pedestrian model, analyzes and studies the facilities within the hub, and builds the hub environment. On the analysis of this, we research on the pedestrian arrival, pedestrian movement, pedestrian route choice, pedestrian obstacle avoidance, pedestrian queuing and other issues within the hub, finally build the pedestrian traffic behavior simulation model.
(3) This paper has developed a simulation model that simulates the situation of pedestrian flow within the hub based on the pedestrian distribution simulation model and using Visual C# language and SQL server database as development tools. This system includes five modules:database management, attribute set of passenger flow; environment built of hub facilities, simulation control and simulation results. Based on the analysis of the module, we has constructed the pedestrian flow simulation system, and designed the user interface of system in the end.
(4) Aiming at some virtual scene, this article conducts the pedestrian movement simulation experiments using pedestrian simulation system, and also has some analysis and evaluation on simulation results. It has proved that the pedestrian traffic behavior simulation model created in this article can accurately simulate the pedestrian movement.
(5) We made the passenger distributing simulation in Beijing South Railway Station. According to the simulation results, we evaluate on services of Beijing South Railway Station, provide some rationalization proposals.
Therefore, through this study, we have researched the pedestrian distribution simulation model in-depth and established the pedestrian simulation platform. These laid the foundation for further laboratory research.
引文
[1]Marksjo P G G A B. A Micro-simulation Model for Pedestrian Flows[J].Mathematics and Computers in simulation.1985,27(2):95-105.
[2]Anders J. Pedestrian simulations with the social force model[D].Dresden,Germany:Dresden University of Technology,2004.
[3]Dirk Helbing, Peter Molnar. Social force model for pedestrian dynamics[J].Physical Review E,1995,5:4282-4285.
[4]Hoogendoorn, Sp, Bovy,Phl,& Daamen W. Microscopic pedestrian wayfinding and dynamics modeling[C]. Duisburg,Germany:Springer Verlag:In M Schreckenberg & SD Sharma(Eds),2001.
[5]Blue V J, Adler J L. Emergent fundamental pedestrian flows from cellular automata micro-simulation[J].Transportation Research Record,1998,1644:29-36.
[6]Victor J.Blue J L A. Cellular automata micro-simulation of Bidirectional Pedestrian Flows[J]. Transpotation Research record.2000,1678:135-141.
[7]H. Klupfel, T. Meyer-Konig, J. Wahle, and M. Schreckenberg. Microscopic simulation of evacuation processes on passenger ships. In S. Bandini and T.Worsch,editors, ACRI2000,pages 63-71, London,2000. Spinger.
[8]T. Meyer-Konig, H. Klupfel and M. Schrechenberg. A microscopic model for simulating mustering and evacuation processes on board passenger ship. In K.H. Drager,editor,Proceedings of the International Emergency Management Society conference,Oslo,2001 a. The International Emergency Mnangement Society.
[9]Serge P.Hoogendoorn P H L B.Gas-Kinetic. Modeling and Simulation of Pedestrian Flows[C].2000.
[10]Shigeyuki Okazaki S M. A Study of Simulation Model for Pedestrian Movement with Evacuation and Queuing[C].1993.
[11]Lovas G G. Modeling and Simulation of Pedestrian Traffic Flow[J]. Transportation Research-B.1994,28B(6):429-443.
[12]张培红.基于智能体技术的人员群集流动动力学模型[J].沈阳建筑大学学报.2005.21(4)：358-362.
[13]Jiangguo Yang, Wen Deng et al. Modeling pedestrian's road crossing behavior in traffic system micro-simulation in China. Transportation Research Part A40(2006):280-290.
[14]Fang Weifeng, YangLizhong,Fan Weicheng. Simulation of bi-direction pedestrian movement using a cellular automata model[J]. Physica A 321(2003):633-640.
[15]Song Weiguo,Yu Yanfei et al. A cellular automata evacuation model considering friction and repulsion Science in China[C]. Ser.E Engineering & Materials Science 2005:403-413.
[16]陈然.城市行人交通流的实测、建模和模拟初探[D].上海：上海大学.2005.
[17]董力耘,戴世强.二维行人交通模型中转向运动对阻塞相变的影响[J].自然科学进展.2002.12(1)：18-22.
[18]陈涛,应振根,中世飞,袁宏永,范维澄.相对速度影响下社会力模型的疏散模拟与分析[J].自然科学进展.2006,16(12)：1606-1612.
[19]李得伟.城市轨道交通枢纽乘客集散模型及微观仿真理论[D].北京：北京交通大学博士学位论文,2007.
[20]张琦.城市轨道交通枢纽乘客与环境交互理论[D].北京：北京交通大学博士学位论文.2008.
[21]STEPS[EB/OL].百度百科,http://baike.baidu.com/view/1806717.htm,2010-5-6.
[22]Savannah Simulations AG. Sim Walk Pedestrian Simulation Software User Guide[G]. Herrliberg, Switzerland,2009.
[23]anylogic[EB/OL].百度百科,http://baike.baidu.com/view/1370493.htm,2010-5-6.
[24]Berrou J L, Beecham J, Quaglia P, et al. Calibration and validation of the Legion simulation model using empirical data[C]//Waldau N, Gattermann P,Knoflacher H, et al, ed. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2005. New York:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2007:167-181.
[25]Serge P and Hoogendoom. Microscopic Simulation Of Pedestrian Flows[J]. USA: Transportation Research Board.2003.
[26]Fruin JJ. Designing for Pedestrians:A Level of Service Concept[J]. Highway Research Record. 1971,355(12):1-15.
[27]Fruin JJ. Metropolitan Association of Urban Designers and Environmental Planners[M]. New York. Inc.1971.
[28]Lovas Gunnar G. Modeling and Simulation of Pedestrian Traffic Flow[J]. Transportation Research Part B,1994,28:429-443.
[29]徐高.人群疏散的仿真研究[D].四川：西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[30]李连天.基于社会力的拥挤人群行人运动模型研究[D].广州：中山大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[31]Craig W., Reynolds. Steering Behaviors for Autonomous Characters[Z],1995.
[32]胡清梅.大型公共建筑环境中人群拥挤机理及群集行为特性的研究[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[33]刘运通,石建军等.交通系统仿真技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
[34]张诗波.基于Agent的行人交通微观仿真建模与分析[D].云南：昆明理工大学硕士学位论文.2007.
[35]Dirk Helbing, Illes J.Farkas, Tamas Vicsek. Simulating dynamical features of escape panic[J]. Nature,2000,407:487-490.
[36]Laurent Mauron. Pedestrian simulation motheds[D]. PhD. thesis,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH).2002.
[37]J.Kirkland, A.Maciejewski:A simulation of attempts to influence crowd dynamics[J]. Proc. IEEE, Hampshire,2003:4328-4333.
[38]Taras, D.J.Kaup, Neal M. Modification of the Helbing-Molnar-Farkas-Vicsek Social Force Model for Pedestrian Evolution[J]. SIMULATION,V(81)5,2005:339-352.
[39]G.Keith Still, Crowd Dynamics[D], University of Warwick.2000.
[40]Teknomo, K. Microscopic pedestrian flow characteristics:Development of an image processing data collection and simulation model. Ph.D. dissertation,Tohoku University,Japan,2002.
[41]罗茜.人员疏散的社会力修正模型及仿真研究[D].北京：首都经济贸易大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[42]张国斌.综合客运枢纽站前广场行人交通行为及微观仿真研究[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[43]孙智勇.信号交叉口人行横道的行人交通特性研究[D].北京：北京工业大学硕士学位论文, 2004.
[44]北京工业大学,同济大学,东南大学.交通工程讲义[M].1983.
[45]李明华.轨道交通枢纽行人步行设施适应性分析[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[46]TRB. "Pedestrian and Bicycle Concepts", in Highway Capacity Manual. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Chapter 11,2000.
[47]Fruin,J. Pedestrian and Planning Design. Metropolitan Association of Urban Designers and Environmental Planners,1971.
[48]李佳,付强,丁宁.C#开发技术大全[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2009.
[49]SqlServer[EB/OL].百度百科,http://baike.baidu.com/view/24335.htm,2010-5-6.
[50]北京南站[EB/OL].百度百科,http://baike.baidu.com/view/325980.htm,2010-5-6.
[2]Anders J. Pedestrian simulations with the social force model[D].Dresden,Germany:Dresden University of Technology,2004.
[3]Dirk Helbing, Peter Molnar. Social force model for pedestrian dynamics[J].Physical Review E,1995,5:4282-4285.
[4]Hoogendoorn, Sp, Bovy,Phl,& Daamen W. Microscopic pedestrian wayfinding and dynamics modeling[C]. Duisburg,Germany:Springer Verlag:In M Schreckenberg & SD Sharma(Eds),2001.
[5]Blue V J, Adler J L. Emergent fundamental pedestrian flows from cellular automata micro-simulation[J].Transportation Research Record,1998,1644:29-36.
[6]Victor J.Blue J L A. Cellular automata micro-simulation of Bidirectional Pedestrian Flows[J]. Transpotation Research record.2000,1678:135-141.
[7]H. Klupfel, T. Meyer-Konig, J. Wahle, and M. Schreckenberg. Microscopic simulation of evacuation processes on passenger ships. In S. Bandini and T.Worsch,editors, ACRI2000,pages 63-71, London,2000. Spinger.
[8]T. Meyer-Konig, H. Klupfel and M. Schrechenberg. A microscopic model for simulating mustering and evacuation processes on board passenger ship. In K.H. Drager,editor,Proceedings of the International Emergency Management Society conference,Oslo,2001 a. The International Emergency Mnangement Society.
[9]Serge P.Hoogendoorn P H L B.Gas-Kinetic. Modeling and Simulation of Pedestrian Flows[C].2000.
[10]Shigeyuki Okazaki S M. A Study of Simulation Model for Pedestrian Movement with Evacuation and Queuing[C].1993.
[11]Lovas G G. Modeling and Simulation of Pedestrian Traffic Flow[J]. Transportation Research-B.1994,28B(6):429-443.
[12]张培红.基于智能体技术的人员群集流动动力学模型[J].沈阳建筑大学学报.2005.21(4)：358-362.
[13]Jiangguo Yang, Wen Deng et al. Modeling pedestrian's road crossing behavior in traffic system micro-simulation in China. Transportation Research Part A40(2006):280-290.
[14]Fang Weifeng, YangLizhong,Fan Weicheng. Simulation of bi-direction pedestrian movement using a cellular automata model[J]. Physica A 321(2003):633-640.
[15]Song Weiguo,Yu Yanfei et al. A cellular automata evacuation model considering friction and repulsion Science in China[C]. Ser.E Engineering & Materials Science 2005:403-413.
[16]陈然.城市行人交通流的实测、建模和模拟初探[D].上海：上海大学.2005.
[17]董力耘,戴世强.二维行人交通模型中转向运动对阻塞相变的影响[J].自然科学进展.2002.12(1)：18-22.
[18]陈涛,应振根,中世飞,袁宏永,范维澄.相对速度影响下社会力模型的疏散模拟与分析[J].自然科学进展.2006,16(12)：1606-1612.
[19]李得伟.城市轨道交通枢纽乘客集散模型及微观仿真理论[D].北京：北京交通大学博士学位论文,2007.
[20]张琦.城市轨道交通枢纽乘客与环境交互理论[D].北京：北京交通大学博士学位论文.2008.
[21]STEPS[EB/OL].百度百科,http://baike.baidu.com/view/1806717.htm,2010-5-6.
[22]Savannah Simulations AG. Sim Walk Pedestrian Simulation Software User Guide[G]. Herrliberg, Switzerland,2009.
[23]anylogic[EB/OL].百度百科,http://baike.baidu.com/view/1370493.htm,2010-5-6.
[24]Berrou J L, Beecham J, Quaglia P, et al. Calibration and validation of the Legion simulation model using empirical data[C]//Waldau N, Gattermann P,Knoflacher H, et al, ed. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2005. New York:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2007:167-181.
[25]Serge P and Hoogendoom. Microscopic Simulation Of Pedestrian Flows[J]. USA: Transportation Research Board.2003.
[26]Fruin JJ. Designing for Pedestrians:A Level of Service Concept[J]. Highway Research Record. 1971,355(12):1-15.
[27]Fruin JJ. Metropolitan Association of Urban Designers and Environmental Planners[M]. New York. Inc.1971.
[28]Lovas Gunnar G. Modeling and Simulation of Pedestrian Traffic Flow[J]. Transportation Research Part B,1994,28:429-443.
[29]徐高.人群疏散的仿真研究[D].四川：西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[30]李连天.基于社会力的拥挤人群行人运动模型研究[D].广州：中山大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[31]Craig W., Reynolds. Steering Behaviors for Autonomous Characters[Z],1995.
[32]胡清梅.大型公共建筑环境中人群拥挤机理及群集行为特性的研究[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[33]刘运通,石建军等.交通系统仿真技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
[34]张诗波.基于Agent的行人交通微观仿真建模与分析[D].云南：昆明理工大学硕士学位论文.2007.
[35]Dirk Helbing, Illes J.Farkas, Tamas Vicsek. Simulating dynamical features of escape panic[J]. Nature,2000,407:487-490.
[36]Laurent Mauron. Pedestrian simulation motheds[D]. PhD. thesis,Swiss Federal Institute of Technology(ETH).2002.
[37]J.Kirkland, A.Maciejewski:A simulation of attempts to influence crowd dynamics[J]. Proc. IEEE, Hampshire,2003:4328-4333.
[38]Taras, D.J.Kaup, Neal M. Modification of the Helbing-Molnar-Farkas-Vicsek Social Force Model for Pedestrian Evolution[J]. SIMULATION,V(81)5,2005:339-352.
[39]G.Keith Still, Crowd Dynamics[D], University of Warwick.2000.
[40]Teknomo, K. Microscopic pedestrian flow characteristics:Development of an image processing data collection and simulation model. Ph.D. dissertation,Tohoku University,Japan,2002.
[41]罗茜.人员疏散的社会力修正模型及仿真研究[D].北京：首都经济贸易大学硕士学位论文,2010.
[42]张国斌.综合客运枢纽站前广场行人交通行为及微观仿真研究[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[43]孙智勇.信号交叉口人行横道的行人交通特性研究[D].北京：北京工业大学硕士学位论文, 2004.
[44]北京工业大学,同济大学,东南大学.交通工程讲义[M].1983.
[45]李明华.轨道交通枢纽行人步行设施适应性分析[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[46]TRB. "Pedestrian and Bicycle Concepts", in Highway Capacity Manual. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Chapter 11,2000.
[47]Fruin,J. Pedestrian and Planning Design. Metropolitan Association of Urban Designers and Environmental Planners,1971.
[48]李佳,付强,丁宁.C#开发技术大全[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2009.
[49]SqlServer[EB/OL].百度百科,http://baike.baidu.com/view/24335.htm,2010-5-6.
[50]北京南站[EB/OL].百度百科,http://baike.baidu.com/view/325980.htm,2010-5-6.