MPEG-4运动补偿算法和背景图像编码的研究
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摘要
有效的视频压缩编码技术对视频处理中大量数据的存储和传输来说是至关重要的。近年来，新一代动态视频压缩标准MPEG-4的推出，使得针对视频压缩编码的研究进入了一个新的层次。
本论文首先研究了MPEG-4标准，在此基础上实现了MPEG-4视频部分编解码器。
然后，本论文重点研究了MPEG-4编码过程中两项关键技术：运动估计和背景图像编码。
运动估计是编码过程中最重要，耗时最长的部分。本论文总结了常见的运动估计算法，深入研究并实现了ISO推荐的运动估计优化算法MVFAST，在此基础上，引入了时间参考运动向量和可调的门限参考值，对MVFAST算法进行了改进。
背景(Sprite)编码是根据MPEG-4针对对象编码的特点而提出的一种新的思想。本论文深入研究了当前Sprite编码的方法，并从全局运动估计、计算点的选择以及迭代算法的优化三个方面对原有Sprite编码方法进行了改进，取得了良好的效果。
作为论文工作的一部分，对VDR(Voyage Data Recorder)即船舶航行数据记录仪的性能测试进行了研究。制定了VDR性能测试的国内标准，编写了用于测试国内VDR产品的测试软件，通过中国船级社认证，并实际测试了国内所有厂家的VDR产品，效果良好。
Efficient video compression techniques are very important to the save and transmission of the increasing data in video processes. Recent years, MPEG-4, the lastest video compression standard has lead the research in related fields.
This paper research the MPEG-4 standard first and realize the encoder and decoder of video of MPEG-4.Then the paper emphasize two key techniques in MPEG-4 encoder: Motion Estimation and Sprite encode.Motion Estimation takes the largest time in all parts of MPEG-4 encoder.The paper concluded some typical ME techniques, research and realize the MVFAST arithmetic whice is recommend by ISO,then improved MVFAST by considering the temporal candidate motion vector and adjustal thresholds.
Sprite encode is a new idea which is based on encoding accroding to object,
the prominent feature of MPEG-4.The paper research the technique of sprite encode,and improved the exiting technique from three aspeces:global motion estimation,selection of computing point and overlap arithmetic.
As a part of work, the paper do some research in performance test of VDR(Voyage Data Recoder).We establish the standard of China VDR performance test and pass the authentication of China Classification Society .The test result is satisified after testing all Chinese VDR practically.
本论文首先研究了MPEG-4标准，在此基础上实现了MPEG-4视频部分编解码器。
然后，本论文重点研究了MPEG-4编码过程中两项关键技术：运动估计和背景图像编码。
运动估计是编码过程中最重要，耗时最长的部分。本论文总结了常见的运动估计算法，深入研究并实现了ISO推荐的运动估计优化算法MVFAST，在此基础上，引入了时间参考运动向量和可调的门限参考值，对MVFAST算法进行了改进。
背景(Sprite)编码是根据MPEG-4针对对象编码的特点而提出的一种新的思想。本论文深入研究了当前Sprite编码的方法，并从全局运动估计、计算点的选择以及迭代算法的优化三个方面对原有Sprite编码方法进行了改进，取得了良好的效果。
作为论文工作的一部分，对VDR(Voyage Data Recorder)即船舶航行数据记录仪的性能测试进行了研究。制定了VDR性能测试的国内标准，编写了用于测试国内VDR产品的测试软件，通过中国船级社认证，并实际测试了国内所有厂家的VDR产品，效果良好。
Efficient video compression techniques are very important to the save and transmission of the increasing data in video processes. Recent years, MPEG-4, the lastest video compression standard has lead the research in related fields.
This paper research the MPEG-4 standard first and realize the encoder and decoder of video of MPEG-4.Then the paper emphasize two key techniques in MPEG-4 encoder: Motion Estimation and Sprite encode.Motion Estimation takes the largest time in all parts of MPEG-4 encoder.The paper concluded some typical ME techniques, research and realize the MVFAST arithmetic whice is recommend by ISO,then improved MVFAST by considering the temporal candidate motion vector and adjustal thresholds.
Sprite encode is a new idea which is based on encoding accroding to object,
the prominent feature of MPEG-4.The paper research the technique of sprite encode,and improved the exiting technique from three aspeces:global motion estimation,selection of computing point and overlap arithmetic.
As a part of work, the paper do some research in performance test of VDR(Voyage Data Recoder).We establish the standard of China VDR performance test and pass the authentication of China Classification Society .The test result is satisified after testing all Chinese VDR practically.
引文
[1] ISO/IEC 14496-2，Information technology-coding of audio-visual objects，first edition,1999-12-1.
[2] 王玉霞，姜秀华.MPEG-7标准及其应用. 北京广播学院学报（自然科学版）2002-02
[3] 钟玉琢，王琪，贺玉文. 基于对象的多媒体数据压缩编码国际标准MPEG-4.北京.科学出版社,2000
[4] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N3908, MPEG-4 Video Verification Model version 18.0, 2001-01
[5] 唐则鹏，秦雷，朱秀昌，等. 运动估计算法分析. 数字电视与数字视频. 2001.02.
[6] Renxiang,Li, Bing,Zeng and Ming L .Liou "A new three-step search algorithm for block motion estimation" IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems for video technology .vol.4.No.4. August 1994
[7] Alexis M.Tourapis, Oscar C. Au, Ming L.Liou."Optimizing the MPEG-4 Encoder-Advanced Diamond Zonal Search" .IEEE International symposium on circuits and systems ,May 28-31,2000,Geneva,Switzerland
[8] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N3675,MPEG-4 Optimization Model Version 2.0 Draft of 26 October 2000
[9] 詹翊强，戚飞虎，詹劲峰，等 基于MPEG的全局运动估计技术 红外与毫米波学报. 2001.10
[10] 吴枫，高文，陈大童. 动态Sprite编码的研究与改进. 计算机学报. 1999-03
[11] Yuwen He, Bo Feng, Shiqiang Yang. "fast global motion estimation for global motion compensation coding" IEEE 2001
[12] 贺玉文，赵学军，杨士强，等.全军运动估计及其在视频编码中的应用. 高技术通讯 2001-08
[13] Yan Lu, Wen Guo,Feng WU "Sprite generation for frame-based video coding" IEEE 2001
[14] Ming-Chieh Lee,Wei-ge Chen Chih-lung Bruce Lin "a layered video object coding system suing sprite and affine motin model" IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology vol.7,No.1 February 1997
[15] 贺玉文，钟玉琢，杨士强. 一种快速全局运动补偿编码方法. 电子学报. Vol.29 No.2 Feb 2001
[16] Yan Lu, Wen Gao, Feng Wu "High efficient sprite coding with directional spatial prediction" IEEE 2002
[17] Yuwen He, Li Zhao, Yuzhuo Zhong "A robust and fast algorithm for global motion estimation" International Conference on Image and Graphics , Aug.16-18,2000 Tianjin, China
[18] Wing Cheong Chan, Oscar C. Au ,Ming Fai Fu ."A novel predictive global motion estimation for video coding" IEEE 2002
[19] Konrad Janusz, Dufaus Fredric , Digital Equipment Corporation "Improved Global Motion Estimation for N3" Meeting of ISO/IEC/SC29/WG11, No. MPEG97/M3096 San Jose 1998
[20] Zhang Tong, Carlo Tomasi "Fast ,robust, and consistent camera motion estimation " Proc IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 1999,1:164-170
[21] 贺玉文，赵黎，钟玉琢. 快速鲁棒的全局运动估计算法. 软件学报. Vol.12,No.8 2001
[22] 船舶航行数据记录仪检验指南. 北京. 中国船级社. 2001
[23] IEC 61196
[24] 达奇纳著. 王统，张荛弼译. 数值分析及其程序应用. 上海. 上海科学技术文献出版社.1988
[2] 王玉霞，姜秀华.MPEG-7标准及其应用. 北京广播学院学报（自然科学版）2002-02
[3] 钟玉琢，王琪，贺玉文. 基于对象的多媒体数据压缩编码国际标准MPEG-4.北京.科学出版社,2000
[4] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N3908, MPEG-4 Video Verification Model version 18.0, 2001-01
[5] 唐则鹏，秦雷，朱秀昌，等. 运动估计算法分析. 数字电视与数字视频. 2001.02.
[6] Renxiang,Li, Bing,Zeng and Ming L .Liou "A new three-step search algorithm for block motion estimation" IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems for video technology .vol.4.No.4. August 1994
[7] Alexis M.Tourapis, Oscar C. Au, Ming L.Liou."Optimizing the MPEG-4 Encoder-Advanced Diamond Zonal Search" .IEEE International symposium on circuits and systems ,May 28-31,2000,Geneva,Switzerland
[8] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N3675,MPEG-4 Optimization Model Version 2.0 Draft of 26 October 2000
[9] 詹翊强，戚飞虎，詹劲峰，等 基于MPEG的全局运动估计技术 红外与毫米波学报. 2001.10
[10] 吴枫，高文，陈大童. 动态Sprite编码的研究与改进. 计算机学报. 1999-03
[11] Yuwen He, Bo Feng, Shiqiang Yang. "fast global motion estimation for global motion compensation coding" IEEE 2001
[12] 贺玉文，赵学军，杨士强，等.全军运动估计及其在视频编码中的应用. 高技术通讯 2001-08
[13] Yan Lu, Wen Guo,Feng WU "Sprite generation for frame-based video coding" IEEE 2001
[14] Ming-Chieh Lee,Wei-ge Chen Chih-lung Bruce Lin "a layered video object coding system suing sprite and affine motin model" IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology vol.7,No.1 February 1997
[15] 贺玉文，钟玉琢，杨士强. 一种快速全局运动补偿编码方法. 电子学报. Vol.29 No.2 Feb 2001
[16] Yan Lu, Wen Gao, Feng Wu "High efficient sprite coding with directional spatial prediction" IEEE 2002
[17] Yuwen He, Li Zhao, Yuzhuo Zhong "A robust and fast algorithm for global motion estimation" International Conference on Image and Graphics , Aug.16-18,2000 Tianjin, China
[18] Wing Cheong Chan, Oscar C. Au ,Ming Fai Fu ."A novel predictive global motion estimation for video coding" IEEE 2002
[19] Konrad Janusz, Dufaus Fredric , Digital Equipment Corporation "Improved Global Motion Estimation for N3" Meeting of ISO/IEC/SC29/WG11, No. MPEG97/M3096 San Jose 1998
[20] Zhang Tong, Carlo Tomasi "Fast ,robust, and consistent camera motion estimation " Proc IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 1999,1:164-170
[21] 贺玉文，赵黎，钟玉琢. 快速鲁棒的全局运动估计算法. 软件学报. Vol.12,No.8 2001
[22] 船舶航行数据记录仪检验指南. 北京. 中国船级社. 2001
[23] IEC 61196
[24] 达奇纳著. 王统，张荛弼译. 数值分析及其程序应用. 上海. 上海科学技术文献出版社.1988