MMP-9的表达变化与脊髓空洞前状态的关系
|
摘要
目的：脊髓空洞症是缓慢进展的退行性疾病，迄今为止
对其形成机理尚不完全清楚。脊髓空洞前状态是近几年在研
究脊髓空洞症发病机制中提出的一个新的概念，由于它反映
了脊髓空洞症发病的早期表现，而且可以被逆转，所以对脊
髓空洞症的预防和治疗具有重要意义。
我们先前实验显示，脊髓空洞前状态的病理变化主要为
缺血水肿样改变。这种水肿为血管源性水肿，主要与血管内
皮通透性增加和血脑脊液脊髓屏障的损害有关。基质金属蛋
白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase 9，MMP-9)可以降解Ⅳ型，
Ⅴ型胶原，纤维连接蛋白，弹性蛋白和变性后的基质胶原，
内皮细胞间的紧密连接以及构成血脑脊液脊髓屏障的主要
成分基质层，故它可以破坏血管内皮和血脑脊液脊髓屏障使
二者通透性增加，造成血管源性水肿。本实验拟通过观察家
兔脊髓空洞症模型的空洞形成前期脊髓的组织学变化，测定
脊髓含水量，应用 western blot 和免疫组织化学方法对
MMP-9 的表达进行研究，并应用 Doxycycline 进行干预治疗
旨在探讨 MMP-9 在脊髓空洞前状态形成中的作用，为临床
防治脊髓空洞症提供理论依据。
方法：将 96 只健康、体重 1.5-2kg 的中国白兔，随机
分为四组，其中 Kaolin 组 30 只，Doxycycline 治疗组 30 只，
生理盐水组 30 只和正常对照组 6 只。家兔在氯胺酮
（30mg/kg）耳缘静脉麻醉，氯丙嗪（30mg/kg）肌注辅助
────────────────────────────────────────
1
中 文 摘 要
麻醉后，取俯卧颏低位，，颈项部手术区常规消毒，按
McLaurin 法，用 4 号针头行经皮枕大池穿刺术，缓慢抽出
无色透明脑脊液 0.6ml 后，脊髓空洞症模型组（Kaolin 组）
和 Doxycycline 治疗组动物注入 37℃25% Kaolin 悬浊液
0.6ml；依同样方法生理盐水组仅注入 37℃生理盐水 0.6ml。
Doxycycline 组动物给予 Doxycycline 25mg/kg.d 胃管内注
入。正常对照组麻醉后处死。在第 1、3、7、10、14 天，各
时间点随机抽取 Kaolin 组，Doxycycline 组动物和生理盐水
组各 6 只，处死后采集颈髓组织标本。各组动物分别在不同
时间分批用氯胺酮 50mg/kg 快速推注，断头处死。将动物脑
和颈髓组织迅速取出，于 C1-2 节段截取 4mm，仔细剔除表
面蛛网膜及 Kaolin 沉积，滤纸吸除表面水分，立即应用于
脊髓含水量的测定，置电子天平（分度值 0.0001g）称取湿
重(W)，再经 110℃ 恒温烤箱烘烤 24 小时后称取干重(D)，
应用公式：脊髓含水量(%)=(W – D)/ W × 100 ，计算出脊
髓含水量；截取C2-3节段标本置4%多聚甲醛固定48小时后，
常规脱水，石蜡包埋，制作 5μm 厚连续切片。进行 H&E
染色和免疫组织化学染色观察组织病变程度及 MMP-9 表达
水平；截取 C3-4节段标本迅速放入液氮中 2 分钟，-70℃冰
箱保存，应用 Western blot 测定胞浆 MMP-9 活性。统计学
分析应用 SPSS10.0 软件包进行方差分析检验比较各 kaolin
组、doycycline 组及生理盐水组和正常对照组间的 MMP-9
活性的差异，数据以均数±标准差表示。
结果 ：术后第 1-3 天，Kaolin 组动物表现出精神萎靡，
嗜睡，厌食；于 7-14 天症状逐渐加重，且出现肢体无力，轻
瘫及运动协调性差等神经功能障碍，并伴有明显消瘦，其中
────────────────────────────────────────
2
中 文 摘 要
1 只因处于濒死状态而处死。生理盐水组和正常对照组动物
在观察期间则表现正常。Doxycycline 组动物也有精神萎靡，
嗜睡，厌食等表现但仅有 8 只出现肢体无力和轻瘫。应用干
湿法测定观察，生理盐水组各时间点测定的脊髓含水量和正
常对照组家兔相比均无明显统计学差异；Kaolin 组各时间点
动物脊髓含水量与生理盐水组各时间点和正常对照组比较有
明显升高；Doxycycline 组动物各时间点动物脊髓含水量与
kaolin 组比较有明显降低。肉眼观察生理盐水组和正常对照
组动物脑、脊髓、蛛网膜、蛛网膜下腔、中央管外观正常。
Kaolin 组动物的脑脊髓标本在第 1 天肉眼观察变化不明显，
仅于下位脑干至上颈髓背、腹侧蛛网膜下腔可见大量 Kaolin
沉积，四脑室正中孔和侧孔被不同程度阻塞；第 3 天除上述
变化外，开始出现脑组织肿胀、脊髓肿胀增粗；第 7、10、
14 天水肿最为明显，枕大池狭窄或闭塞，四脑室轻度扩张，
Kaolin 肉芽肿形成，与蛛网膜下腔和脊髓粘连，不易剥离。
Doxycycline 组动物的脊髓标本第 1、3、7 天均无明显变化，
只见下位脑干至上颈髓背、腹侧蛛网膜下腔有大量 Kaolin 沉
积，四脑室正中孔和侧孔被不同程度阻塞；第 10、14 天脊髓
标本可见轻度肿胀增粗，较 Kaolin 组肿胀轻微，亦有 kaolin
肉芽肿形成，与网膜下腔和脊髓粘连，不易剥离。光镜观察
生理盐水组和正常对照组动物脊髓神经元轮廓正常，核及核
仁清楚，胞浆内尼氏体分布均匀，神经元、神经胶质细胞、
血管周围间隙正常。Kaolin 组动物术后第 1 天，脊髓组织学
检查亦无明显改变；第 3 天出现细胞、血管?
objective: Syringomyelia is a kind of chronic disease.It's
mechanism is still incompletely clear, and for this reason the
cause of disease become the focus to dispute. Presyrinx state is a
new concept that was put forward in study mechanism of
Syringomyelia in the last few years. because it can indicate the
earlier period expression of syringomyelia, research of the
presyrinx state have great use in preventing and treating
syringomyelia.
Our experiment showed: presyrinx state is a kind of
changes for lack in blood. This kind of swollen is asogenic
edema .the main cause is disruption of the blood-brain barrier
and abnormal vascular permeability. Matrix metallo-
proteinase-9 can degrades gelatin ,collagen Ⅳ, Ⅴ; elastin;
virtronectin; myelin basic protein; and other subtrates. as to this,
it can disrupt the blood – brain barrier and increase the vascular
permeability. so we think MMP-9 may plays an important role
in presyrinx state. doxycyline is artificially synthized inhabitor
of MMP-9. it can inhabit MMP-9 activity. This experiment
target to investigate the role and mechanism of MMP-9 in
the formation of presyrinx state of experimental syringomyelia
────────────────────────────────────────
6
英 文 摘 要
in rabbits，and supply the basis to the therapy and prevention to
syringomyelia. We estimate the degree of the spinal cord edema
and observed its development tendency.In the same time , the
MMP-9 expression intensity in spinal cord was determined by
westernblot and immunohistochemistry,moreover,we applied
doxycyline to interfere the MMP-9 activity.
Method: 96 Chinese white rabbits, weight 1.5-2 kg, is
divided randomly into fuor groups: Kaolin group(30 rabbits),
the group treated with doxycycline (30 rabbits), physiological
saline group(30 rabbits) and contral group(6 rabbits). Under
ketamine anesthesia (30 mgs/ kg),0.6ml of 25% kaolin solution
was injected into the cisterna magna after 0.6ml of cereberal
spinal fliud was withdraw slowly from the cistern, in all rabbits
of the kaolin group and doxycycline group,while 0.6ml of 37℃
physiological saline was injected into the cistern in those of
saline group; the doxycycline (25mg/kg.d) after the operation
was applied for doxycycline group. At first, third, seventh,
tenth, forteenth day after kaolin injection, the rabbits selected
randomly from every group were anaethetized again. All the
animals were killed by trasecting at junction of cervico-thorcic
cord, then the brains and cervico cords were moved wholly and
quicly, 4mm cervico cord were cut from C1-2 segement,the wet
weight(W) was obtained with electronic balance(0.0001g) after
clearing off carefully the arachnoid, kaolin deposition and
water from surface. The dry weigh(D) was scaled after roasting
for 24 hours in 110℃ thermostatic baker .Water content of
────────────────────────────────────────
7
英 文 摘 要
spinal cord (%) can be obtained with the formula:water
content(%)=(W-D)/W×100.The spcimens of C2-3 were fixed
in 4% formaldehydum polymeridatum for 48 hours, then
embeded in the paraffin . H﹠E staining and imumuno-
histochemistry were completed to the section. Take the
section C3-4 a specimen to put into the liquid nitrogen for 2
minuteses quickly,then keep it in -70 ℃ refrigerators. Western
blot measureses the expression of MMP-9 activity. The
expression of MMP-9 at different time pionts was compared
with edema level of spinal cord at corresponding time point,
while both of the development tendencys were observed.
Result: All animals of kaolin group had shown
depressd,anorexia from the first to third day after acupuncture,
most severely during the seventh to the fourteenth day in
addition to having the slight paralysis in this period; these
symptoms were remissive after 2 weeks. The animals of
doxycycline group had shown depressd,anorexia from the fi
对其形成机理尚不完全清楚。脊髓空洞前状态是近几年在研
究脊髓空洞症发病机制中提出的一个新的概念，由于它反映
了脊髓空洞症发病的早期表现，而且可以被逆转，所以对脊
髓空洞症的预防和治疗具有重要意义。
我们先前实验显示，脊髓空洞前状态的病理变化主要为
缺血水肿样改变。这种水肿为血管源性水肿，主要与血管内
皮通透性增加和血脑脊液脊髓屏障的损害有关。基质金属蛋
白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase 9，MMP-9)可以降解Ⅳ型，
Ⅴ型胶原，纤维连接蛋白，弹性蛋白和变性后的基质胶原，
内皮细胞间的紧密连接以及构成血脑脊液脊髓屏障的主要
成分基质层，故它可以破坏血管内皮和血脑脊液脊髓屏障使
二者通透性增加，造成血管源性水肿。本实验拟通过观察家
兔脊髓空洞症模型的空洞形成前期脊髓的组织学变化，测定
脊髓含水量，应用 western blot 和免疫组织化学方法对
MMP-9 的表达进行研究，并应用 Doxycycline 进行干预治疗
旨在探讨 MMP-9 在脊髓空洞前状态形成中的作用，为临床
防治脊髓空洞症提供理论依据。
方法：将 96 只健康、体重 1.5-2kg 的中国白兔，随机
分为四组，其中 Kaolin 组 30 只，Doxycycline 治疗组 30 只，
生理盐水组 30 只和正常对照组 6 只。家兔在氯胺酮
（30mg/kg）耳缘静脉麻醉，氯丙嗪（30mg/kg）肌注辅助
────────────────────────────────────────
1
中 文 摘 要
麻醉后，取俯卧颏低位，，颈项部手术区常规消毒，按
McLaurin 法，用 4 号针头行经皮枕大池穿刺术，缓慢抽出
无色透明脑脊液 0.6ml 后，脊髓空洞症模型组（Kaolin 组）
和 Doxycycline 治疗组动物注入 37℃25% Kaolin 悬浊液
0.6ml；依同样方法生理盐水组仅注入 37℃生理盐水 0.6ml。
Doxycycline 组动物给予 Doxycycline 25mg/kg.d 胃管内注
入。正常对照组麻醉后处死。在第 1、3、7、10、14 天，各
时间点随机抽取 Kaolin 组，Doxycycline 组动物和生理盐水
组各 6 只，处死后采集颈髓组织标本。各组动物分别在不同
时间分批用氯胺酮 50mg/kg 快速推注，断头处死。将动物脑
和颈髓组织迅速取出，于 C1-2 节段截取 4mm，仔细剔除表
面蛛网膜及 Kaolin 沉积，滤纸吸除表面水分，立即应用于
脊髓含水量的测定，置电子天平（分度值 0.0001g）称取湿
重(W)，再经 110℃ 恒温烤箱烘烤 24 小时后称取干重(D)，
应用公式：脊髓含水量(%)=(W – D)/ W × 100 ，计算出脊
髓含水量；截取C2-3节段标本置4%多聚甲醛固定48小时后，
常规脱水，石蜡包埋，制作 5μm 厚连续切片。进行 H&E
染色和免疫组织化学染色观察组织病变程度及 MMP-9 表达
水平；截取 C3-4节段标本迅速放入液氮中 2 分钟，-70℃冰
箱保存，应用 Western blot 测定胞浆 MMP-9 活性。统计学
分析应用 SPSS10.0 软件包进行方差分析检验比较各 kaolin
组、doycycline 组及生理盐水组和正常对照组间的 MMP-9
活性的差异，数据以均数±标准差表示。
结果 ：术后第 1-3 天，Kaolin 组动物表现出精神萎靡，
嗜睡，厌食；于 7-14 天症状逐渐加重，且出现肢体无力，轻
瘫及运动协调性差等神经功能障碍，并伴有明显消瘦，其中
────────────────────────────────────────
2
中 文 摘 要
1 只因处于濒死状态而处死。生理盐水组和正常对照组动物
在观察期间则表现正常。Doxycycline 组动物也有精神萎靡，
嗜睡，厌食等表现但仅有 8 只出现肢体无力和轻瘫。应用干
湿法测定观察，生理盐水组各时间点测定的脊髓含水量和正
常对照组家兔相比均无明显统计学差异；Kaolin 组各时间点
动物脊髓含水量与生理盐水组各时间点和正常对照组比较有
明显升高；Doxycycline 组动物各时间点动物脊髓含水量与
kaolin 组比较有明显降低。肉眼观察生理盐水组和正常对照
组动物脑、脊髓、蛛网膜、蛛网膜下腔、中央管外观正常。
Kaolin 组动物的脑脊髓标本在第 1 天肉眼观察变化不明显，
仅于下位脑干至上颈髓背、腹侧蛛网膜下腔可见大量 Kaolin
沉积，四脑室正中孔和侧孔被不同程度阻塞；第 3 天除上述
变化外，开始出现脑组织肿胀、脊髓肿胀增粗；第 7、10、
14 天水肿最为明显，枕大池狭窄或闭塞，四脑室轻度扩张，
Kaolin 肉芽肿形成，与蛛网膜下腔和脊髓粘连，不易剥离。
Doxycycline 组动物的脊髓标本第 1、3、7 天均无明显变化，
只见下位脑干至上颈髓背、腹侧蛛网膜下腔有大量 Kaolin 沉
积，四脑室正中孔和侧孔被不同程度阻塞；第 10、14 天脊髓
标本可见轻度肿胀增粗，较 Kaolin 组肿胀轻微，亦有 kaolin
肉芽肿形成，与网膜下腔和脊髓粘连，不易剥离。光镜观察
生理盐水组和正常对照组动物脊髓神经元轮廓正常，核及核
仁清楚，胞浆内尼氏体分布均匀，神经元、神经胶质细胞、
血管周围间隙正常。Kaolin 组动物术后第 1 天，脊髓组织学
检查亦无明显改变；第 3 天出现细胞、血管?
objective: Syringomyelia is a kind of chronic disease.It's
mechanism is still incompletely clear, and for this reason the
cause of disease become the focus to dispute. Presyrinx state is a
new concept that was put forward in study mechanism of
Syringomyelia in the last few years. because it can indicate the
earlier period expression of syringomyelia, research of the
presyrinx state have great use in preventing and treating
syringomyelia.
Our experiment showed: presyrinx state is a kind of
changes for lack in blood. This kind of swollen is asogenic
edema .the main cause is disruption of the blood-brain barrier
and abnormal vascular permeability. Matrix metallo-
proteinase-9 can degrades gelatin ,collagen Ⅳ, Ⅴ; elastin;
virtronectin; myelin basic protein; and other subtrates. as to this,
it can disrupt the blood – brain barrier and increase the vascular
permeability. so we think MMP-9 may plays an important role
in presyrinx state. doxycyline is artificially synthized inhabitor
of MMP-9. it can inhabit MMP-9 activity. This experiment
target to investigate the role and mechanism of MMP-9 in
the formation of presyrinx state of experimental syringomyelia
────────────────────────────────────────
6
英 文 摘 要
in rabbits，and supply the basis to the therapy and prevention to
syringomyelia. We estimate the degree of the spinal cord edema
and observed its development tendency.In the same time , the
MMP-9 expression intensity in spinal cord was determined by
westernblot and immunohistochemistry,moreover,we applied
doxycyline to interfere the MMP-9 activity.
Method: 96 Chinese white rabbits, weight 1.5-2 kg, is
divided randomly into fuor groups: Kaolin group(30 rabbits),
the group treated with doxycycline (30 rabbits), physiological
saline group(30 rabbits) and contral group(6 rabbits). Under
ketamine anesthesia (30 mgs/ kg),0.6ml of 25% kaolin solution
was injected into the cisterna magna after 0.6ml of cereberal
spinal fliud was withdraw slowly from the cistern, in all rabbits
of the kaolin group and doxycycline group,while 0.6ml of 37℃
physiological saline was injected into the cistern in those of
saline group; the doxycycline (25mg/kg.d) after the operation
was applied for doxycycline group. At first, third, seventh,
tenth, forteenth day after kaolin injection, the rabbits selected
randomly from every group were anaethetized again. All the
animals were killed by trasecting at junction of cervico-thorcic
cord, then the brains and cervico cords were moved wholly and
quicly, 4mm cervico cord were cut from C1-2 segement,the wet
weight(W) was obtained with electronic balance(0.0001g) after
clearing off carefully the arachnoid, kaolin deposition and
water from surface. The dry weigh(D) was scaled after roasting
for 24 hours in 110℃ thermostatic baker .Water content of
────────────────────────────────────────
7
英 文 摘 要
spinal cord (%) can be obtained with the formula:water
content(%)=(W-D)/W×100.The spcimens of C2-3 were fixed
in 4% formaldehydum polymeridatum for 48 hours, then
embeded in the paraffin . H﹠E staining and imumuno-
histochemistry were completed to the section. Take the
section C3-4 a specimen to put into the liquid nitrogen for 2
minuteses quickly,then keep it in -70 ℃ refrigerators. Western
blot measureses the expression of MMP-9 activity. The
expression of MMP-9 at different time pionts was compared
with edema level of spinal cord at corresponding time point,
while both of the development tendencys were observed.
Result: All animals of kaolin group had shown
depressd,anorexia from the first to third day after acupuncture,
most severely during the seventh to the fourteenth day in
addition to having the slight paralysis in this period; these
symptoms were remissive after 2 weeks. The animals of
doxycycline group had shown depressd,anorexia from the fi
引文
1 Ballantin HJ,et al:syringohydromyela. Prog neurosueg,
1971,4:227~245
2 Heiss J D,Patronas N,Devroom H L.Elucidating the
pathophysiology of sringomyelia.J neurosurg,1999,91: 553 ~
562
3 张庆俊，孙国柱，张更申. 实验性家兔脊髓空洞症发病
机制研究. 中华神经外科杂志，2000 :16（6）364~66
4 Fischbein NJ , Dillon WP , Cobbs C , Weinstein PR. The
"presyrinx" state : a reversible myelopathic that may precede
syringomyelia . AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.1999,Jan, 20 (1) :
7~20
5 Levy EI. Heiss JD. Kent MS. Spinal cord swelling
preceding syrinx development. Case report. J Neuro-
surg ,2000,Jan,92(1 Suppl):93~7
6 Romanic A M,White R F,Arleth A J,etal.Matrix
metalloproteinase expression increases after erebral focal
ischemia in rats .Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 9
reduces infarct size .Stroke,1998,29(8):1020～1030
7 Rosenberg G A,Estrada E Y,Dencoff J E.Matrix
metalloproteinases and TIMPs areassociated with blood
brain barrier opening after reperfusion in rat
brain .Stroke,1998,29:2189～2195
8 Mauvie l A.Cytokine regulation o fmetalloproteinase gene
expression.J Cell Biochem,1993,53:288～295
49
研 究 论 文
9 Asahina M,Yoshiyama Y,Hattori T.Expression of matrix
metalloproteinase 9 and urinary type plasminogen activator
in Alzheimer’s disease brain.Clin Neuropathol,2001,20 (2):
60~63
10 Yong V W,Kerkoski C A,ForsythP A. Matrix metallo-
proteinases and diseases of the CNS. TrendsNeuro-
sci,1998,21:75~ 80
11 Ghislain Opdenak ker,Philippe E.Vanden Steen,Benedicte
Dubois,et al.GelatinaseB functions as regulator and effector
in leukocyte biology.J LeukocBiol,2001,69(6):851~859
12 Asahina M,Yoshiyama Y,Hattori T。Expression of matrix
metalloproteinase 9 and urinary type plasminogen
activatorin Alzheimer’s disease brain。 Clin Neuropathol ,
2001 , 20(2):60~63。
13 Loftus I M,Naylor A R,Goodall S. Increased matrix
metalloproteinase 9 activity in unstable carotid
plaques.Apotential role in acuteplaque disruption. Stroke,
2000,31(1):40~47
14 Romanic A M,Madri J A.Extracellular matrix degrading
proteinases in the nervous system.Brain Pathol, 1994,
4:145~156
15 Mautino G,Oliver N,Chanez P,et al.Increased release of
matrix metalloproteinases-9 in bronchoal veolar lavage
fluid and byalveolar macrophages of asthmatics.Am J
Respir Cell Mol Biol,1997,17(5):583~591
16 Gottschall P E,Yu X.Cytokines regulate gelatinase A and B
50
研 究 论 文
(matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9) activity in cultured rat
astrocytes.J Neurochem,1995,64:1513~1520
17 Sato H,Takino T,Okada Y,et al.A matrix metalloproteinase
ex pressed on the surface of invasive tumour cells.
Nature,1994,370(6484):61~65
18 Rosenberg G A,Lee Anna Cunningham,James Wallace,et
al.Immunohistochemistry of matrix metalloproteinases in
reperfusion injury to rat brain: activation of MMP-9 linked
to stromelysin-1 and microgliain cells cultures [J].
BrainRes,2001,893(1-2):104~112
19 Humann G F,Okata Y,Fitridge R,et al.Microvascular basal
lamina antigens disppear during cerebral ischemia and
reperfusion. Stroke,1995,26:2121~2127
20 Rosenberg G A,Estrada B S,Dencoff J E. Matrix
metalloproteinases and TIMPs are associated with blood
brain barrier opening after reperfusion in rat brain.
Stroke,1998,29(10):2189~2195
21 Gasche Y,Fu jimura M,Morita Fu jimura Y,et al.Early
appearance of activated matrix metalloproteinase 9 after
focal cerebral ischemiain mice:a possible role in blood
brain barrier dysfunction.J Cereb Bloob Flow Metab,
1999,19(9):1020~1028
22 Harkness K A,Adamson P,Sussman J D,et al.Dexamet has
one regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in
CNS vascular endothelium.Brain,2000,1123:698~709
23 Lukkonen A,Sorsa T,Salo T,Tervahartiala T,Koivunen E,Gol
51
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ub L,Simon S,Stenman U H.Down regulation of trypsinogen
2 expression by chemically modified tetracyclines: Associa-
tion with reduced cancer cell migration.Int J Cancer,2000, 86
(4):577~581
24 Cakir Y,Hahn K A.Direct action by doxycycline against
canineos teomacell proliferation and collagenase (MMP-1)
activity in vitro.In Vivo, 1999,13:327~331
25 John D.Hesis,Nicholas Patronas,hetty L.Deveroom.
lucidating the pathophysiology of syringomyelia. J
Neurosurg,1999,91:553~562
1971,4:227~245
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4 Fischbein NJ , Dillon WP , Cobbs C , Weinstein PR. The
"presyrinx" state : a reversible myelopathic that may precede
syringomyelia . AJNR Am J Neuroradiol.1999,Jan, 20 (1) :
7~20
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6 Romanic A M,White R F,Arleth A J,etal.Matrix
metalloproteinase expression increases after erebral focal
ischemia in rats .Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 9
reduces infarct size .Stroke,1998,29(8):1020～1030
7 Rosenberg G A,Estrada E Y,Dencoff J E.Matrix
metalloproteinases and TIMPs areassociated with blood
brain barrier opening after reperfusion in rat
brain .Stroke,1998,29:2189～2195
8 Mauvie l A.Cytokine regulation o fmetalloproteinase gene
expression.J Cell Biochem,1993,53:288～295
49
研 究 论 文
9 Asahina M,Yoshiyama Y,Hattori T.Expression of matrix
metalloproteinase 9 and urinary type plasminogen activator
in Alzheimer’s disease brain.Clin Neuropathol,2001,20 (2):
60~63
10 Yong V W,Kerkoski C A,ForsythP A. Matrix metallo-
proteinases and diseases of the CNS. TrendsNeuro-
sci,1998,21:75~ 80
11 Ghislain Opdenak ker,Philippe E.Vanden Steen,Benedicte
Dubois,et al.GelatinaseB functions as regulator and effector
in leukocyte biology.J LeukocBiol,2001,69(6):851~859
12 Asahina M,Yoshiyama Y,Hattori T。Expression of matrix
metalloproteinase 9 and urinary type plasminogen
activatorin Alzheimer’s disease brain。 Clin Neuropathol ,
2001 , 20(2):60~63。
13 Loftus I M,Naylor A R,Goodall S. Increased matrix
metalloproteinase 9 activity in unstable carotid
plaques.Apotential role in acuteplaque disruption. Stroke,
2000,31(1):40~47
14 Romanic A M,Madri J A.Extracellular matrix degrading
proteinases in the nervous system.Brain Pathol, 1994,
4:145~156
15 Mautino G,Oliver N,Chanez P,et al.Increased release of
matrix metalloproteinases-9 in bronchoal veolar lavage
fluid and byalveolar macrophages of asthmatics.Am J
Respir Cell Mol Biol,1997,17(5):583~591
16 Gottschall P E,Yu X.Cytokines regulate gelatinase A and B
50
研 究 论 文
(matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9) activity in cultured rat
astrocytes.J Neurochem,1995,64:1513~1520
17 Sato H,Takino T,Okada Y,et al.A matrix metalloproteinase
ex pressed on the surface of invasive tumour cells.
Nature,1994,370(6484):61~65
18 Rosenberg G A,Lee Anna Cunningham,James Wallace,et
al.Immunohistochemistry of matrix metalloproteinases in
reperfusion injury to rat brain: activation of MMP-9 linked
to stromelysin-1 and microgliain cells cultures [J].
BrainRes,2001,893(1-2):104~112
19 Humann G F,Okata Y,Fitridge R,et al.Microvascular basal
lamina antigens disppear during cerebral ischemia and
reperfusion. Stroke,1995,26:2121~2127
20 Rosenberg G A,Estrada B S,Dencoff J E. Matrix
metalloproteinases and TIMPs are associated with blood
brain barrier opening after reperfusion in rat brain.
Stroke,1998,29(10):2189~2195
21 Gasche Y,Fu jimura M,Morita Fu jimura Y,et al.Early
appearance of activated matrix metalloproteinase 9 after
focal cerebral ischemiain mice:a possible role in blood
brain barrier dysfunction.J Cereb Bloob Flow Metab,
1999,19(9):1020~1028
22 Harkness K A,Adamson P,Sussman J D,et al.Dexamet has
one regulation of matrix metalloproteinase expression in
CNS vascular endothelium.Brain,2000,1123:698~709
23 Lukkonen A,Sorsa T,Salo T,Tervahartiala T,Koivunen E,Gol
51
研 究 论 文
ub L,Simon S,Stenman U H.Down regulation of trypsinogen
2 expression by chemically modified tetracyclines: Associa-
tion with reduced cancer cell migration.Int J Cancer,2000, 86
(4):577~581
24 Cakir Y,Hahn K A.Direct action by doxycycline against
canineos teomacell proliferation and collagenase (MMP-1)
activity in vitro.In Vivo, 1999,13:327~331
25 John D.Hesis,Nicholas Patronas,hetty L.Deveroom.
lucidating the pathophysiology of syringomyelia. J
Neurosurg,1999,91:553~562