视频点播系统的研究与实现
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摘要
本文介绍了视频点播系统的基本概念和多媒体数据压缩技术与流媒体技术，并以自己参与开发的“PL VOD”系统为例，详细剖析了视频点播系统所涵盖的具体内容。
视频点播技术是90年代在国外发展起来的。目前我国一些城市在小范围内已有试验性的视频点播系统。视频点播系统是一个包含硬件和软件的网络化系统，主要特征是实时和按需求从视频服务器向客户设备传送多路、并发的视频数据流。视频点播系统可以提供不同程度的终端用户交互性。视频点播技术是随着计算机技术(特别是多媒体数据压缩解压缩技术)、网络通信技术(特别是流媒体技术利电视技术而迅速新兴的一门综合性技术。
视频点播技术的出现，在某种意义上讲是视频信息技术领域的一场革命，其巨大的潜在市场，使世界主要发达国家都投入了大量的资金，加速开发和完善这一系统。也是世界各国软件研发人员近年来重点研究的应用领域。VOD技术之功能远远超出人们的想象。用户可在家按照自己的意愿来点播电视、信息查询、家庭购物、远程医疗、电视教育、电子邮件、旅游指南、定票预约、股票交易等等。这一技术的出现，极大地提高和改善了人们的生活质量和工作效率。
本人采用VC 6.0以面向对象方法开发了“PL VOD”视频点播系统。系统提供了一套在局域网和城域网内并发地随时随地点播MPEG-1视频文件的解决方案。系统支持对任意MPEG-1视频文件的点播、支持对视频文件的分类、支持VCR功能、支持客户端全WEB的运用。系统运用了双缓冲区技术、客户端的拉技术、MPEG-1的软件解码技术、基于DirectShow COM组件的流媒体回放技术、RTP／RTCP实时传输协议，创造性地实现了视频点播系统。双缓冲区技术节省了内存资源，提高了内存使用率；客户端拉技术提高了服务器的效率与性能，保证了节目文件的平滑回放；MPEG-1多媒体压缩标准保证了系统的通用性和可行性；DirectShow COM组件技术保证了音频流与视频流能够正确回放；RTP／RTCP协议较好地处理系统的实时特性。
“PL VOD”系统对各种MPEG-1视频测试位流的解码回放均可稳定正常工作。系统在性能上能与国内同类产品如曼德科技公司的VOD产品相媲美。
The article introduces the basic conception of the VOD system,and the multimedia digital compression and decompression technology,and the stream-media technology,and detailedly anatomy what the VOD covers by the "PL VOD" system partly developed by myself.
The VOD technology has developed since 90's in foreign. Now there are experimental VOD systems in some cities of China. The VOD system is a network system including hardware and software. The VOD software transmits multi-path,concurrent video data-stream real time from video server to client. It may offer interoperability to user in some degree. The VOD is rapidly developing with computer technology (especially digital compression and decompression of multimedia) network communication technology(especially stream media) and TV technology.
In some meaning,the VOD is a revolution in video technology field,the huge potential market makes the main developed country throw into much money to develop and improve the VOD system.As the same time the software researchers all over the world throw a emphasis on it.The function of the VOD technology goes beyond people's imagine.At home people can watch program they like,search information go shopping,go hospital educate on TV,transfer Email,tour manual,ticket reserve,stock business and so on. The appear of the VOD technology enhances and improves people' s life level and work efficiency.
The PL VOD System is developed by VC6.0 using object-oriented method,which provides a solution for being video on demand MPEG-1 file any time any where in LAN and WAN.It supports to be video on Demand any MPEG-1 file,video file's category,VCR function and all web browse.It applys the double-buffer technology,the data-pulled technology,the MPEG-1 decode technology,the media-playback technology based on DirectShow COM,and puts to use RTP/RTCP protocol. The double-buffer technology saves memory resource,enhances memory efficiency;the data-pulled technology improves the server's efficiency and performance,guarantees the video file to playback smoothly;MPEG-1 ensures the system's usability and feasibility;DirectShow ensures the audio and video playback correctly;the RTP/RTCP deals better with the system's real time.
The PL VOD system works normally on all sorts of MPEG-1 streams. The system compares favorably with the same kind product of country in function.
视频点播技术是90年代在国外发展起来的。目前我国一些城市在小范围内已有试验性的视频点播系统。视频点播系统是一个包含硬件和软件的网络化系统，主要特征是实时和按需求从视频服务器向客户设备传送多路、并发的视频数据流。视频点播系统可以提供不同程度的终端用户交互性。视频点播技术是随着计算机技术(特别是多媒体数据压缩解压缩技术)、网络通信技术(特别是流媒体技术利电视技术而迅速新兴的一门综合性技术。
视频点播技术的出现，在某种意义上讲是视频信息技术领域的一场革命，其巨大的潜在市场，使世界主要发达国家都投入了大量的资金，加速开发和完善这一系统。也是世界各国软件研发人员近年来重点研究的应用领域。VOD技术之功能远远超出人们的想象。用户可在家按照自己的意愿来点播电视、信息查询、家庭购物、远程医疗、电视教育、电子邮件、旅游指南、定票预约、股票交易等等。这一技术的出现，极大地提高和改善了人们的生活质量和工作效率。
本人采用VC 6.0以面向对象方法开发了“PL VOD”视频点播系统。系统提供了一套在局域网和城域网内并发地随时随地点播MPEG-1视频文件的解决方案。系统支持对任意MPEG-1视频文件的点播、支持对视频文件的分类、支持VCR功能、支持客户端全WEB的运用。系统运用了双缓冲区技术、客户端的拉技术、MPEG-1的软件解码技术、基于DirectShow COM组件的流媒体回放技术、RTP／RTCP实时传输协议，创造性地实现了视频点播系统。双缓冲区技术节省了内存资源，提高了内存使用率；客户端拉技术提高了服务器的效率与性能，保证了节目文件的平滑回放；MPEG-1多媒体压缩标准保证了系统的通用性和可行性；DirectShow COM组件技术保证了音频流与视频流能够正确回放；RTP／RTCP协议较好地处理系统的实时特性。
“PL VOD”系统对各种MPEG-1视频测试位流的解码回放均可稳定正常工作。系统在性能上能与国内同类产品如曼德科技公司的VOD产品相媲美。
The article introduces the basic conception of the VOD system,and the multimedia digital compression and decompression technology,and the stream-media technology,and detailedly anatomy what the VOD covers by the "PL VOD" system partly developed by myself.
The VOD technology has developed since 90's in foreign. Now there are experimental VOD systems in some cities of China. The VOD system is a network system including hardware and software. The VOD software transmits multi-path,concurrent video data-stream real time from video server to client. It may offer interoperability to user in some degree. The VOD is rapidly developing with computer technology (especially digital compression and decompression of multimedia) network communication technology(especially stream media) and TV technology.
In some meaning,the VOD is a revolution in video technology field,the huge potential market makes the main developed country throw into much money to develop and improve the VOD system.As the same time the software researchers all over the world throw a emphasis on it.The function of the VOD technology goes beyond people's imagine.At home people can watch program they like,search information go shopping,go hospital educate on TV,transfer Email,tour manual,ticket reserve,stock business and so on. The appear of the VOD technology enhances and improves people' s life level and work efficiency.
The PL VOD System is developed by VC6.0 using object-oriented method,which provides a solution for being video on demand MPEG-1 file any time any where in LAN and WAN.It supports to be video on Demand any MPEG-1 file,video file's category,VCR function and all web browse.It applys the double-buffer technology,the data-pulled technology,the MPEG-1 decode technology,the media-playback technology based on DirectShow COM,and puts to use RTP/RTCP protocol. The double-buffer technology saves memory resource,enhances memory efficiency;the data-pulled technology improves the server's efficiency and performance,guarantees the video file to playback smoothly;MPEG-1 ensures the system's usability and feasibility;DirectShow ensures the audio and video playback correctly;the RTP/RTCP deals better with the system's real time.
The PL VOD system works normally on all sorts of MPEG-1 streams. The system compares favorably with the same kind product of country in function.
引文
[1]将东兴等 Windows Socket网络程序设计大全 清华大学出版社 1999年4月
[2]徐佑军等 基于WinSock的网络实时通讯程序的设计 计算机工程 1999年第11期
[3]孙凤英等 MFC开发Windows95．NT4应用程序 清华大学出版社 1998年4月
[4]Active Server Pages编程指南 微软出版社 1998年
[5]马小虎等 多媒体数据压缩标准及实现 清华大学出版社 1996年9月
[6]吴炜煜等 多媒体系统软件及应用设计 电子工业出版社 1996年12月
[7]姚庆栋、毕厚杰等 图像编码基础 浙江大学出版社 1993年
[8]钟玉琢、杨品等译，MPEG-1运动图象压缩编码标准(ISO／IEC 11172)，机械工业出版社，1995
[9]VC编程天堂 http://www.vcheaven.net/
[10]K. Miller, K. Spencer, E. Vincent, D. Evans. Inside Visual InterDev Microsoft Press 1998年
[11]ISO/IEC 10918. Information technology—Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images:Requirements and guidelines. 1994
[12]Davis Pan A Tutorial on MPEG/Audio compression IEEE Multimedia 1995 P60-74
[13]http://www. mpeg. org/tristan/MPEG/mp3. html
[14]http://drogo. cselt. stet/mpeg/#the-MPEG-Standards
[15]http://www.tnt. uni-hannorer, de/project/mpeg/audio/
[16]ISO/IEC 11172-1:1993 Information technology-coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5Mb/s-Part 1:Systems
[17]ISO/IEC 11172-2:1993 Information technology-coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5Mb/s-Part 2:Video
[18]ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993 Information technology-coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5Mb/s-Part 3:Audio
[19]ISO/IEC 11172-4:1995 Information technology-coding of moying pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5Mb/s-Part 4:Conformance testing
[20]科慧岛流媒体研究中心 http://www.streamingbyte.com/
[21]Schulzrinne, h.,Casner, S.,Frederick, R.,and V. Jacobson," RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Application", RFC1889, January 1996
[22]Schulzrinne, H.,"RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control", RFC1890, GMD Fokus, January1996.
[23]Microsoft Developer Network---MSDN Library-January 2001
[24]Microsoft DirectX Media 6.0 SDK---SDK Documentation
[25]李炜煜等译 多媒体数字压缩原理与标准 电子工业出版社 2000年8月
[2]徐佑军等 基于WinSock的网络实时通讯程序的设计 计算机工程 1999年第11期
[3]孙凤英等 MFC开发Windows95．NT4应用程序 清华大学出版社 1998年4月
[4]Active Server Pages编程指南 微软出版社 1998年
[5]马小虎等 多媒体数据压缩标准及实现 清华大学出版社 1996年9月
[6]吴炜煜等 多媒体系统软件及应用设计 电子工业出版社 1996年12月
[7]姚庆栋、毕厚杰等 图像编码基础 浙江大学出版社 1993年
[8]钟玉琢、杨品等译，MPEG-1运动图象压缩编码标准(ISO／IEC 11172)，机械工业出版社，1995
[9]VC编程天堂 http://www.vcheaven.net/
[10]K. Miller, K. Spencer, E. Vincent, D. Evans. Inside Visual InterDev Microsoft Press 1998年
[11]ISO/IEC 10918. Information technology—Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images:Requirements and guidelines. 1994
[12]Davis Pan A Tutorial on MPEG/Audio compression IEEE Multimedia 1995 P60-74
[13]http://www. mpeg. org/tristan/MPEG/mp3. html
[14]http://drogo. cselt. stet/mpeg/#the-MPEG-Standards
[15]http://www.tnt. uni-hannorer, de/project/mpeg/audio/
[16]ISO/IEC 11172-1:1993 Information technology-coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5Mb/s-Part 1:Systems
[17]ISO/IEC 11172-2:1993 Information technology-coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5Mb/s-Part 2:Video
[18]ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993 Information technology-coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5Mb/s-Part 3:Audio
[19]ISO/IEC 11172-4:1995 Information technology-coding of moying pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1.5Mb/s-Part 4:Conformance testing
[20]科慧岛流媒体研究中心 http://www.streamingbyte.com/
[21]Schulzrinne, h.,Casner, S.,Frederick, R.,and V. Jacobson," RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Application", RFC1889, January 1996
[22]Schulzrinne, H.,"RTP Profile for Audio and Video Conferences with Minimal Control", RFC1890, GMD Fokus, January1996.
[23]Microsoft Developer Network---MSDN Library-January 2001
[24]Microsoft DirectX Media 6.0 SDK---SDK Documentation
[25]李炜煜等译 多媒体数字压缩原理与标准 电子工业出版社 2000年8月