不同耳穴防治运动性疲劳的对照研究
|
摘要
研究背景
近年来,随着社会的不断发展。运动医学正逐渐受到体育界和医学界的重视。这不仅为防治运动性疾病,保障运动员健康,提高运动成绩等方面发挥着重大的作用。同时,为医学的发展和运用提供依据。现代社会,有关消除运动性疲劳的研究多集中在体育界,实际上,消除运动性疲劳的研究对象应该更关注普通大众。因为慢性疲劳综合症,亚健康状态等疾病常常困扰着我们身边的很多普通人。消除运动性疲劳不仅是运动员、教练员的需要,更是现代普通大众的需要。
疲劳的产生,主要是运动过程中体内能源物质大量消耗而又得不到及时补充所导致的。体内能源物质的消耗,包括高能磷酸物的消耗、血糖、糖原等物质的消耗。在高强度运动中,主要依靠ATP-CP供能,而ATP-CP下降,可能是导致此类运动疲劳的主要原因。在中低强度运动过程中,主要依靠糖的有氧氧化供能,而长时间运动,糖类物质大量消耗,血糖浓度降低,直接影响神经系统的机能,使大脑工作能力降低,进而产生身体疲劳。疲劳的产生是由于运动过程中,某些代谢产物大量堆积,又得不到及时清除所导致的。其中乳酸的堆积,是最主要的因素。乳酸是体内葡萄糖在缺氧条件下氧化分解的物质,随着运动强度的加大,乳酸大量的堆积,从而抑制糖酵解,使ATP合成速度变缓。运动中氨的积累与疲劳的产生密切相关。氨的积累可以影响动作的协调性和对运动技能的控制能力。一般认为短时间激烈运动中,血氨的升高反映机体无氧供能系统失衡,骨骼肌能量代谢和肌细胞膜的生理特性受到干扰,从而影响肌肉做功能力,产生运动性疲劳。
运动性疲劳属于祖国医学的劳倦、虚损、劳役、劳伤等范畴。认为“气为血之帅,血为气之母。”气与血是生命活动的物质基础,过劳后无论损伤的是气还是血,依据阴阳互根理论,会导致另一方的亏损,所以,消除疲劳时,往往气血并治。此外,运动性疲劳的发生大致与脏腑有关。祖国医学认为脾为后天之本,气血生化之源,脾主四肢肌肉,与运动关系密切。肾藏精,主骨生髓,为先天之本,是体力产生的原动力和源泉。肾精不足,骨髓空虚,则会引起骨骼发育不良,容易产生运动性疲劳。祖国医学认为,肢体运动的能量来源有赖于肝的藏血充足和调节血量的作用,运动性疲劳的根源在于肝功能的盛弱。肝功能正常,肝血充盈,筋脉得养,运动有力,灵活而持久。若肝的气血不足,筋失所养,则筋力不健,运动无力而迟缓,故易于疲劳。
祖国医学认为耳穴与人体脏腑、经络、气血运行密切相关。耳穴具有调节神经平衡、镇静止痛、疏通经络、调节气血阴阳、强身壮体等功能,广泛用于内、外、妇、儿、神经、五官、皮肤等各科疾病,如神经衰弱、情绪不稳定、忧郁、焦虑、紧张、疲劳综合症、神经功能及内分泌功能紊乱等症和器质性疾病,以及病毒、细菌、原虫所致的一些疾病均有治疗作用。
如何使运动性疲劳更快更彻底地恢复是学术界一直在努力探索的问题,人们也已经找到了很多方法来促进疲劳的恢复,其中利用中医的方法是近几年研究的热门方向,这类方法充分发挥了中国中医药学的独特优势,取得了比较理想的效果。
研究目的
观察耳穴疗法对健康男性在校大学生运动性疲劳恢复的临床疗效。探讨耳穴贴压相关的作用机制。总结出一套简便、行之有效的耳穴贴压用于运动性疲劳的消除。
研究方法
本项研究在查阅文献的基础上,从中西医角度对运动性疲劳的产生原因及其机理进行了比较系统全面的认识和探讨,在此基础上结合临床研究,制定以耳穴为主,选择与运动相关的穴位进行贴压,以补肝脾肾、调理气血,并与空白组为对照,从而对耳穴对于消除运动后疲劳的机理及效果进行探讨。
按照随机分组的方法将参与运动性疲劳实验的男性大学生分成空白对照组；左耳一组；左耳二组；右耳一组；右耳二组。试验采用单盲(对受试者设盲)的方法。
让各组学生用极限强度跑完800米,记录其成绩。每天运动时间一次,共运动一周。从第一天运动结束后开始接受治疗。左耳一组、右耳一组选择内生殖器、胆、食道、眼、大肠、胃耳穴进行贴压治疗；右耳二组、左耳二组选择心、交感、气管、肺、肝、肾、脾耳穴进行贴压,空白对照组不进行任何处理,共治疗一个运动周期(一周)。
选取测量心率和血压。分别在第一次运动前,第一次运动后,最后一次运动后即刻。留取第一次运动当天晨尿以及第一次运动完后尿液及最后一次运动后第二天晨尿,检测尿中乳酸、尿素、丙酮酸、游离脂肪酸水平。采用瑞典学者Borg的6-20分级(RPE)评分表进行疲劳主观感觉评分,询问时间为第一次运动后及最后一次运动后即刻进行。
所有耳穴贴压组,由针灸专业研究生负责清洗耳朵后定位贴压。每位受试对象的耳穴贴压工作限制在5分钟内完成。贴压完成后,嘱受试对象运动当天晨起按揉一次,运动前30min按揉一次。其余时间每日自行按压3-5次,每次每穴按压30-60秒,以耳朵发红、明显胀痛感为度。研究结果
1.左耳一组、右耳一组和左耳二组、右耳二组经治疗后,与空白组对照,最后一次运动后,心率、收缩压及舒张压均有所下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中左耳二组和右耳二组较左耳一组和右耳一组下降幅度明显,而左耳一组与右耳一组相比无显著性差异,左耳二组与右耳二组相比无显著性差异。
2.经过一周期治疗后,最后一次运动后第二天,左耳一组、右耳一组和左耳二组、右耳二组的游离脂肪酸、尿素、丙酮酸、乳酸水平与空白组比较,有所下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。经过一个周期治疗后,左耳二组、右耳二组的乳酸、尿素水平更接近运动前安静状态下水平,与左耳一组、右耳二组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。丙酮酸、游离脂肪酸浓度,左耳一组同左耳二组相比,右耳一组同右耳二组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
3.左耳一组与右耳一组相比,左耳二组同右耳二组相比,最后一次运动后第二天,丙酮酸、游离脂肪酸、尿素、乳酸浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)
4.最后一次运动后,左耳二组和右耳二组比左耳一组和右耳一组RPE值下降更明显,两者相比有差异(P＜0.05)。
研究结论
耳穴贴压治疗可以提高人体的耐缺氧能力,从而在一定程度上增强了人体的体质,提高了人体对运动性疲劳的耐受性。
耳穴贴压在消除运动后疲劳方面,疗效是明显的。经过一个周期的耳穴贴压后,可以加快游离脂肪酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、尿素等代谢产物的清除,使之更接近安静状态时的水平。但由于疲劳恢复过程的阶段性和异时性,造成了部分物质的消除速度过慢。
耳穴治疗的选穴不同对治疗效果也是有影响的。耳穴二组选择了与运动密切相关的穴位进行贴压,治疗效果明显,优于耳穴一组,符合耳穴的治疗规律。耳穴一组选择与运动非密切相关的穴位,也有一定的治疗效果,可能与耳穴的非特异性及刺激一点可诱发多经感传的现象有关。使用同一组穴位,分别在左、右耳进行治疗时,疗效是没有差异的。
但由于耳穴本身对机体刺激量不够大,故在部分实验室指标下降及疲劳缓解方面不是非常理想。有待改进治疗方法、治疗时间,或从分层随机的角度进行更进一步的深入研究,从而为进一步选择有效,便捷,易于接受的治疗方法提供理论依据。
对于运动性疲劳的判定与治疗效果,本试验只选择了主观感觉量表及尿液的部分生化指标为观察对象。而对于运动后受试者的相关形态学改变,如下肢围度及体重变化,以及肌力,反应速度,皮肤感觉功能,心电图,肌电图,血液指标,如血液中血乳酸、血红蛋白的测定；内分泌指标中血浆睾酮、皮质醇测定；体液免疫、细胞免疫的测定等,均未进行判定。试验受试者,我们只选择了健康男性在校大学生,而疲劳的产生还与年龄、性别、运动水平、思想情绪、运动条件等等差异有关,故在日后的研究中,在这些方面有待深入挖掘。
Background Recently, with the development of society, sports medicine has gradually been focused by sports and medical circle, which not only can prevent the sports diseases to ensure the atheletes, but also offer evidence for the development and application of medicine. In morden society, many researches of exercise-induced fatigue concertrated on sports circle, but actually, we should keep our eyes on the common people, because exercise-induced fatigue disturbe a lot of common people. Fatigue relief is not only required by sports man, coaches, but also needed by common people.
The fatigue is always caused by large consumption of energies which are not able to supplement promptly. The energy consumption include high-energy phosphoric acid, blood sugar and glycogen. In intensive exercise, the human body is supplemented by ATP-CP. The decrease of ATP-CP is the main reason of fatigue. During the moderate exercise, the human body is supplied by aerobic oxidation. So the long-term exercise always consumes large sugar, which will affect the activity of nervous system and brain, and induce fatigue finally.
On the other hand, the fatigue can also be caused by accumulation of metabolic products among which lactic acid is the major product. Lactic acid is the product of glucose under oxygen deficit condition. The accumulation of lactic acid can inhibit the glycolysis and retard the synthese of ATP. Ammonia also has close relationship with fatigue. The accumulation of ammonia can affect the coordination and control ability of exercise. Generally, short-term and severe exercise can disturb the balance the ammonia, and the physiological property of muscle and cell can be disturbed. So the fatigue comes into being.
Although there was no the name of fatigue in classic works, the observation of fatigue is over 2,000 years. Most the scholars believe that exercise-induced fatige belongs to the scope of overstrain, asthenic disease and overexertion.
TCM holds that qi is the commander of blood, while blood can carry qi. Qi and blood are the foundation of activity. Overlabor can damage qi and blood, so TCM often treat qi and blood together. Besides, exercise-induced fatigue also has relationship with the function of zang-fu. TCM believes that the spleen the acquired foundation and the origination of qi and blood. Spleen controls the four limbs and muscle which is related to exercise. The kidney hides the essence, controls the bone and marrow, and is often considered as the congenital foundation, the origination of power. The deficiency of kidney essence and marrow can affect the bone development which is easy to be induced to fatigue. The energy of activity derives from the condition of liver. The quantity of liver blood and its blood-regulation function can affect the body. Normal liver function, abundant liver blood can nourish the sinews, make the exercise forcefully, smoothly and persistently. Deficient liver blood induce the malnurition of sinew, so the exercise will become slow and easy to be fatigue.
TCM believes that ear has close relationship with zang-fu, channel and qi-blood. Auricular acupoint can regulate the balance of neural system, tranquilize the mind and relieve pain, dredge channel and collateral, regulate yin-yang and qi-blood. So the auricualr therapy is widely applied in internal, external, gynaecology, pediatrics and ENT. Such as neurasthenia, melancholy, anxiety, tention, fatigue even disease caused by virus, bacteria and so on.
How to promote the fatigue relief totally and quickly is a problem which has been explored by human being. People have found lots of ways to promote the recovery among which traditional Chinese medicine turned out to be the hot field. The ways of TCM take advantage of their special efficacy and obtain ideal effect.
Objective observing the clinical efficacy on treating exercise-induced fatigue of healthy university students with auricular therapy. Exploring the mechanism of auricular therapy. Summing up a set of simple, effective therapy to relief exercise-induced therapy.
Method all the students randomly devided into five groups as follows: control group, auricular points 1 of left ear, auricular points 1 of right ear, auricular points 2 of left ear, auricular acupoints 2 of right ear. The test use single blind method (single blind to all the experimenters)
All the students were required finished 800m running test with all their strengths every day and the therapeutic course lasted one week. The aucricular therapy was exerted after the first exercise. Auricular points 1 was composed of internal genital(TF2), gallbaldder(CO11), esophagus (CO2), eye(LO5), large intestine(CO7), stomach(CO4), while auricular points 2 include heart (C015), sympathesis(AH6), trachea(C016), lung(COH), liver(C012), kidney (C010), spleen(C015). Control group had no any intervention.
Instant test of heart rate and blood pressure were examined before the first exerise, after the first exercise and the last time exercise. Keep the morning urination of the first time exercise and the the day after last time exercise as sample and test the lactic acid, urea, pyruvic acid, free acid. Instant subjective grade was made according to RPE table made by Swedish expert Bory.
All the auricular application were exerted by graduate students of acupuncture after cleaning the ear completely. Each student occupied at most 5 minutes to accept the therapy and they were also required press the acupoints each morning and 30 minutes before exercise. At the rest time of each day, they should press the acupoints 3-5 times,30-60 second each time untile the ear become light red and feels obvious swelling and soreness.
Results comparing to control group, the students's heart rate and blood pressure decreased in auricular points 1 of right ear, auricular points 2 of left ear, auricular acupoints 2 of right ear, auricular acupoints 2 of letf ear.There was statistic difference. Auricular acupoints 2 decreased more than auricular acupoints 1, but there were no statistic difference between auricular acupoint 1 of left and right ear, auricular acupoint 2 of left and right ear.
After the therapeutic course, the students's lactic acid, BUN, pyruvic acid, free acid decreased in the four therapeutic groups. Comparing to the control group, there was statistic difference. But comparing to auricular acupoints 1 groups, the the lactic acid and urea of auricular acupoints 2 groups decreased more and much closer to the normal condition. The difference has statistic significance. While the differences of pyruvic acid and free acid between auricular acupoints
1 and 2 have no statistic significance.
There were no statistic difference in pyruvic acid, free acid, lacitc acid and urea between auricular acupoint 1 of left and right ear, auricular acupoint 2 of left and right ear in the morning after the last exercise.
There was statistic difference in RPE between auricular acupoints 1 and 2 at the last time exercise.
Conclusion auricular therapy can increase the students'hypoxia tolerance and constitution, so the therapy raise the tolerance of exercise-induced fatigue.
Auricular therapy can make a clear clinical effect on relief exercise-induced fatigue because it can promote the elimination of lactic acid, urea, pyruvic acid, free acid, and make them close to the level in normal condition. But due to the recovery has the characteristic of phase and heterochrony, some substance elimination become slowly.
Different auricular acupoints can affect the clinical efficacy. Auricular 2 groups selected the acupoints which have close relationship with activity, so they got clear efficacy, while auricular 1 groups selects the acupoints which have non-close relationship with activity, they also got some efficacy possiblely due to auricular acupoint is nonspecific and mutil-channel sensation were induced by one point. There was no efficacy difference between left and right ear who share the same auricular aucpoints.
But because the stimulation of auricular theray is not very large, some lab exam indexes didn't decreased ideally. So we have to improve the auricular therapy, therapeutic course, stratified random or further research in order to select one more effective and convenient way.
In this test, we observed ratings of perceived exertion and some bio-chemical indexes to measure the efficacy. Some other examinations, such as morphology test, length of lower leg and weight, muscle force, lectrocardiogram, electromyogram, and blood indexes, such as lactacidemia, hemoglobin, testosterone, cortisol, humoral immunity, cellular immunity have not been detected. We selected the college students as our examinee, while the fatigue has close relationship with age, sex, exercise level, mind condition and exercise condition. So it need further research.
近年来,随着社会的不断发展。运动医学正逐渐受到体育界和医学界的重视。这不仅为防治运动性疾病,保障运动员健康,提高运动成绩等方面发挥着重大的作用。同时,为医学的发展和运用提供依据。现代社会,有关消除运动性疲劳的研究多集中在体育界,实际上,消除运动性疲劳的研究对象应该更关注普通大众。因为慢性疲劳综合症,亚健康状态等疾病常常困扰着我们身边的很多普通人。消除运动性疲劳不仅是运动员、教练员的需要,更是现代普通大众的需要。
疲劳的产生,主要是运动过程中体内能源物质大量消耗而又得不到及时补充所导致的。体内能源物质的消耗,包括高能磷酸物的消耗、血糖、糖原等物质的消耗。在高强度运动中,主要依靠ATP-CP供能,而ATP-CP下降,可能是导致此类运动疲劳的主要原因。在中低强度运动过程中,主要依靠糖的有氧氧化供能,而长时间运动,糖类物质大量消耗,血糖浓度降低,直接影响神经系统的机能,使大脑工作能力降低,进而产生身体疲劳。疲劳的产生是由于运动过程中,某些代谢产物大量堆积,又得不到及时清除所导致的。其中乳酸的堆积,是最主要的因素。乳酸是体内葡萄糖在缺氧条件下氧化分解的物质,随着运动强度的加大,乳酸大量的堆积,从而抑制糖酵解,使ATP合成速度变缓。运动中氨的积累与疲劳的产生密切相关。氨的积累可以影响动作的协调性和对运动技能的控制能力。一般认为短时间激烈运动中,血氨的升高反映机体无氧供能系统失衡,骨骼肌能量代谢和肌细胞膜的生理特性受到干扰,从而影响肌肉做功能力,产生运动性疲劳。
运动性疲劳属于祖国医学的劳倦、虚损、劳役、劳伤等范畴。认为“气为血之帅,血为气之母。”气与血是生命活动的物质基础,过劳后无论损伤的是气还是血,依据阴阳互根理论,会导致另一方的亏损,所以,消除疲劳时,往往气血并治。此外,运动性疲劳的发生大致与脏腑有关。祖国医学认为脾为后天之本,气血生化之源,脾主四肢肌肉,与运动关系密切。肾藏精,主骨生髓,为先天之本,是体力产生的原动力和源泉。肾精不足,骨髓空虚,则会引起骨骼发育不良,容易产生运动性疲劳。祖国医学认为,肢体运动的能量来源有赖于肝的藏血充足和调节血量的作用,运动性疲劳的根源在于肝功能的盛弱。肝功能正常,肝血充盈,筋脉得养,运动有力,灵活而持久。若肝的气血不足,筋失所养,则筋力不健,运动无力而迟缓,故易于疲劳。
祖国医学认为耳穴与人体脏腑、经络、气血运行密切相关。耳穴具有调节神经平衡、镇静止痛、疏通经络、调节气血阴阳、强身壮体等功能,广泛用于内、外、妇、儿、神经、五官、皮肤等各科疾病,如神经衰弱、情绪不稳定、忧郁、焦虑、紧张、疲劳综合症、神经功能及内分泌功能紊乱等症和器质性疾病,以及病毒、细菌、原虫所致的一些疾病均有治疗作用。
如何使运动性疲劳更快更彻底地恢复是学术界一直在努力探索的问题,人们也已经找到了很多方法来促进疲劳的恢复,其中利用中医的方法是近几年研究的热门方向,这类方法充分发挥了中国中医药学的独特优势,取得了比较理想的效果。
研究目的
观察耳穴疗法对健康男性在校大学生运动性疲劳恢复的临床疗效。探讨耳穴贴压相关的作用机制。总结出一套简便、行之有效的耳穴贴压用于运动性疲劳的消除。
研究方法
本项研究在查阅文献的基础上,从中西医角度对运动性疲劳的产生原因及其机理进行了比较系统全面的认识和探讨,在此基础上结合临床研究,制定以耳穴为主,选择与运动相关的穴位进行贴压,以补肝脾肾、调理气血,并与空白组为对照,从而对耳穴对于消除运动后疲劳的机理及效果进行探讨。
按照随机分组的方法将参与运动性疲劳实验的男性大学生分成空白对照组；左耳一组；左耳二组；右耳一组；右耳二组。试验采用单盲(对受试者设盲)的方法。
让各组学生用极限强度跑完800米,记录其成绩。每天运动时间一次,共运动一周。从第一天运动结束后开始接受治疗。左耳一组、右耳一组选择内生殖器、胆、食道、眼、大肠、胃耳穴进行贴压治疗；右耳二组、左耳二组选择心、交感、气管、肺、肝、肾、脾耳穴进行贴压,空白对照组不进行任何处理,共治疗一个运动周期(一周)。
选取测量心率和血压。分别在第一次运动前,第一次运动后,最后一次运动后即刻。留取第一次运动当天晨尿以及第一次运动完后尿液及最后一次运动后第二天晨尿,检测尿中乳酸、尿素、丙酮酸、游离脂肪酸水平。采用瑞典学者Borg的6-20分级(RPE)评分表进行疲劳主观感觉评分,询问时间为第一次运动后及最后一次运动后即刻进行。
所有耳穴贴压组,由针灸专业研究生负责清洗耳朵后定位贴压。每位受试对象的耳穴贴压工作限制在5分钟内完成。贴压完成后,嘱受试对象运动当天晨起按揉一次,运动前30min按揉一次。其余时间每日自行按压3-5次,每次每穴按压30-60秒,以耳朵发红、明显胀痛感为度。研究结果
1.左耳一组、右耳一组和左耳二组、右耳二组经治疗后,与空白组对照,最后一次运动后,心率、收缩压及舒张压均有所下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中左耳二组和右耳二组较左耳一组和右耳一组下降幅度明显,而左耳一组与右耳一组相比无显著性差异,左耳二组与右耳二组相比无显著性差异。
2.经过一周期治疗后,最后一次运动后第二天,左耳一组、右耳一组和左耳二组、右耳二组的游离脂肪酸、尿素、丙酮酸、乳酸水平与空白组比较,有所下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。经过一个周期治疗后,左耳二组、右耳二组的乳酸、尿素水平更接近运动前安静状态下水平,与左耳一组、右耳二组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。丙酮酸、游离脂肪酸浓度,左耳一组同左耳二组相比,右耳一组同右耳二组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
3.左耳一组与右耳一组相比,左耳二组同右耳二组相比,最后一次运动后第二天,丙酮酸、游离脂肪酸、尿素、乳酸浓度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)
4.最后一次运动后,左耳二组和右耳二组比左耳一组和右耳一组RPE值下降更明显,两者相比有差异(P＜0.05)。
研究结论
耳穴贴压治疗可以提高人体的耐缺氧能力,从而在一定程度上增强了人体的体质,提高了人体对运动性疲劳的耐受性。
耳穴贴压在消除运动后疲劳方面,疗效是明显的。经过一个周期的耳穴贴压后,可以加快游离脂肪酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、尿素等代谢产物的清除,使之更接近安静状态时的水平。但由于疲劳恢复过程的阶段性和异时性,造成了部分物质的消除速度过慢。
耳穴治疗的选穴不同对治疗效果也是有影响的。耳穴二组选择了与运动密切相关的穴位进行贴压,治疗效果明显,优于耳穴一组,符合耳穴的治疗规律。耳穴一组选择与运动非密切相关的穴位,也有一定的治疗效果,可能与耳穴的非特异性及刺激一点可诱发多经感传的现象有关。使用同一组穴位,分别在左、右耳进行治疗时,疗效是没有差异的。
但由于耳穴本身对机体刺激量不够大,故在部分实验室指标下降及疲劳缓解方面不是非常理想。有待改进治疗方法、治疗时间,或从分层随机的角度进行更进一步的深入研究,从而为进一步选择有效,便捷,易于接受的治疗方法提供理论依据。
对于运动性疲劳的判定与治疗效果,本试验只选择了主观感觉量表及尿液的部分生化指标为观察对象。而对于运动后受试者的相关形态学改变,如下肢围度及体重变化,以及肌力,反应速度,皮肤感觉功能,心电图,肌电图,血液指标,如血液中血乳酸、血红蛋白的测定；内分泌指标中血浆睾酮、皮质醇测定；体液免疫、细胞免疫的测定等,均未进行判定。试验受试者,我们只选择了健康男性在校大学生,而疲劳的产生还与年龄、性别、运动水平、思想情绪、运动条件等等差异有关,故在日后的研究中,在这些方面有待深入挖掘。
Background Recently, with the development of society, sports medicine has gradually been focused by sports and medical circle, which not only can prevent the sports diseases to ensure the atheletes, but also offer evidence for the development and application of medicine. In morden society, many researches of exercise-induced fatigue concertrated on sports circle, but actually, we should keep our eyes on the common people, because exercise-induced fatigue disturbe a lot of common people. Fatigue relief is not only required by sports man, coaches, but also needed by common people.
The fatigue is always caused by large consumption of energies which are not able to supplement promptly. The energy consumption include high-energy phosphoric acid, blood sugar and glycogen. In intensive exercise, the human body is supplemented by ATP-CP. The decrease of ATP-CP is the main reason of fatigue. During the moderate exercise, the human body is supplied by aerobic oxidation. So the long-term exercise always consumes large sugar, which will affect the activity of nervous system and brain, and induce fatigue finally.
On the other hand, the fatigue can also be caused by accumulation of metabolic products among which lactic acid is the major product. Lactic acid is the product of glucose under oxygen deficit condition. The accumulation of lactic acid can inhibit the glycolysis and retard the synthese of ATP. Ammonia also has close relationship with fatigue. The accumulation of ammonia can affect the coordination and control ability of exercise. Generally, short-term and severe exercise can disturb the balance the ammonia, and the physiological property of muscle and cell can be disturbed. So the fatigue comes into being.
Although there was no the name of fatigue in classic works, the observation of fatigue is over 2,000 years. Most the scholars believe that exercise-induced fatige belongs to the scope of overstrain, asthenic disease and overexertion.
TCM holds that qi is the commander of blood, while blood can carry qi. Qi and blood are the foundation of activity. Overlabor can damage qi and blood, so TCM often treat qi and blood together. Besides, exercise-induced fatigue also has relationship with the function of zang-fu. TCM believes that the spleen the acquired foundation and the origination of qi and blood. Spleen controls the four limbs and muscle which is related to exercise. The kidney hides the essence, controls the bone and marrow, and is often considered as the congenital foundation, the origination of power. The deficiency of kidney essence and marrow can affect the bone development which is easy to be induced to fatigue. The energy of activity derives from the condition of liver. The quantity of liver blood and its blood-regulation function can affect the body. Normal liver function, abundant liver blood can nourish the sinews, make the exercise forcefully, smoothly and persistently. Deficient liver blood induce the malnurition of sinew, so the exercise will become slow and easy to be fatigue.
TCM believes that ear has close relationship with zang-fu, channel and qi-blood. Auricular acupoint can regulate the balance of neural system, tranquilize the mind and relieve pain, dredge channel and collateral, regulate yin-yang and qi-blood. So the auricualr therapy is widely applied in internal, external, gynaecology, pediatrics and ENT. Such as neurasthenia, melancholy, anxiety, tention, fatigue even disease caused by virus, bacteria and so on.
How to promote the fatigue relief totally and quickly is a problem which has been explored by human being. People have found lots of ways to promote the recovery among which traditional Chinese medicine turned out to be the hot field. The ways of TCM take advantage of their special efficacy and obtain ideal effect.
Objective observing the clinical efficacy on treating exercise-induced fatigue of healthy university students with auricular therapy. Exploring the mechanism of auricular therapy. Summing up a set of simple, effective therapy to relief exercise-induced therapy.
Method all the students randomly devided into five groups as follows: control group, auricular points 1 of left ear, auricular points 1 of right ear, auricular points 2 of left ear, auricular acupoints 2 of right ear. The test use single blind method (single blind to all the experimenters)
All the students were required finished 800m running test with all their strengths every day and the therapeutic course lasted one week. The aucricular therapy was exerted after the first exercise. Auricular points 1 was composed of internal genital(TF2), gallbaldder(CO11), esophagus (CO2), eye(LO5), large intestine(CO7), stomach(CO4), while auricular points 2 include heart (C015), sympathesis(AH6), trachea(C016), lung(COH), liver(C012), kidney (C010), spleen(C015). Control group had no any intervention.
Instant test of heart rate and blood pressure were examined before the first exerise, after the first exercise and the last time exercise. Keep the morning urination of the first time exercise and the the day after last time exercise as sample and test the lactic acid, urea, pyruvic acid, free acid. Instant subjective grade was made according to RPE table made by Swedish expert Bory.
All the auricular application were exerted by graduate students of acupuncture after cleaning the ear completely. Each student occupied at most 5 minutes to accept the therapy and they were also required press the acupoints each morning and 30 minutes before exercise. At the rest time of each day, they should press the acupoints 3-5 times,30-60 second each time untile the ear become light red and feels obvious swelling and soreness.
Results comparing to control group, the students's heart rate and blood pressure decreased in auricular points 1 of right ear, auricular points 2 of left ear, auricular acupoints 2 of right ear, auricular acupoints 2 of letf ear.There was statistic difference. Auricular acupoints 2 decreased more than auricular acupoints 1, but there were no statistic difference between auricular acupoint 1 of left and right ear, auricular acupoint 2 of left and right ear.
After the therapeutic course, the students's lactic acid, BUN, pyruvic acid, free acid decreased in the four therapeutic groups. Comparing to the control group, there was statistic difference. But comparing to auricular acupoints 1 groups, the the lactic acid and urea of auricular acupoints 2 groups decreased more and much closer to the normal condition. The difference has statistic significance. While the differences of pyruvic acid and free acid between auricular acupoints
1 and 2 have no statistic significance.
There were no statistic difference in pyruvic acid, free acid, lacitc acid and urea between auricular acupoint 1 of left and right ear, auricular acupoint 2 of left and right ear in the morning after the last exercise.
There was statistic difference in RPE between auricular acupoints 1 and 2 at the last time exercise.
Conclusion auricular therapy can increase the students'hypoxia tolerance and constitution, so the therapy raise the tolerance of exercise-induced fatigue.
Auricular therapy can make a clear clinical effect on relief exercise-induced fatigue because it can promote the elimination of lactic acid, urea, pyruvic acid, free acid, and make them close to the level in normal condition. But due to the recovery has the characteristic of phase and heterochrony, some substance elimination become slowly.
Different auricular acupoints can affect the clinical efficacy. Auricular 2 groups selected the acupoints which have close relationship with activity, so they got clear efficacy, while auricular 1 groups selects the acupoints which have non-close relationship with activity, they also got some efficacy possiblely due to auricular acupoint is nonspecific and mutil-channel sensation were induced by one point. There was no efficacy difference between left and right ear who share the same auricular aucpoints.
But because the stimulation of auricular theray is not very large, some lab exam indexes didn't decreased ideally. So we have to improve the auricular therapy, therapeutic course, stratified random or further research in order to select one more effective and convenient way.
In this test, we observed ratings of perceived exertion and some bio-chemical indexes to measure the efficacy. Some other examinations, such as morphology test, length of lower leg and weight, muscle force, lectrocardiogram, electromyogram, and blood indexes, such as lactacidemia, hemoglobin, testosterone, cortisol, humoral immunity, cellular immunity have not been detected. We selected the college students as our examinee, while the fatigue has close relationship with age, sex, exercise level, mind condition and exercise condition. So it need further research.
引文
[1]冯美云.运动生物化学[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2000,211-220
[2]王建.关于运动性生理性疲劳的研究[J].华商,2008,8(1)：124
[3]张英根,邢桂琴,王黎明.运动疲劳与中医虚损[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2000,234
[4]苏克强.运动性肌肉疲劳与恢复的研究进展[J].体育世界,2008,11(1)：106-107
[5]熊正英等,浅谈中医与运动性疲劳[J].山西体育科技,2007,27(3):44-46
[6]高雪峰.运动性疲劳的产生与诊断[J].中外健康文摘,2008,5(4)：293-294
[7]杨锡让.实用运动生理学[M].北京体育大学出版社,2003,8第2版:402-403
[8]何全玲,焦卫宾.对近5年国内运动疲劳有关机能监控研究方法的分析[J].首都体育学院学报,2004,16(4)：95-97
[9]田野.运动生理学高级教程[M].高等教育出版社,2003,8：462-464
[10]李志文,罗兴华.葡萄糖对消除躯体运动性疲劳的影响[J].现代康复,2001,4(4)：117-118
[11]Banister, E.W. Exereise induce hyper ammone mia[J]. Int. J. Sport sMed, 1990, (11):5129
[12]Davis, J.M., etal. Possible mechanism so feen tralnervous system fatigue during exercise[J]. Med. Sei. SPortsExer,1997,29(1):45
[13]郑陆,沈东颖,高丽等.运动与氨代谢关系的研究进展[J].山东体育学院学报,2004,20(1)：413
[14]李志文,罗兴华.葡萄糖对消除躯体运动性疲劳的影响[J].现代康复,2001,4(4)：117-118
[15]BuonoM. J, etal. Blood laetatean dammonium ionae eumu lation during graded exereise in humans[J].J·APPI·Physiol,1984, (57):135
[16]陶胜国.PH值变化对运动能力的影响[J].吉林体育学院学,2005,21(4)：157-158
[17]宋杰,杨剐.钙与运动疲劳[J].淄博学院学报,2001,3(3)：94
[18]张蕾,邓树勋.运动疲劳与神经体质的生理学研究进展[J].体育学刊,2002,9(2)：87-90
[19]刘燕萍.运动性疲劳及其机制分析[J].西安体育学院学报,2001,9(7)：23-25
[20]王瑞元.运动生理学[M].人民体育出版社,2002,9：305-307
[21]曲绵域,于长隆,浦钧宗等.实用运动医学[M].北京：北京大学医学出版 社,2003：36-9
[22]潘宁敏,岑仑.运动性疲劳产生机制与恢复手段问题的研究综述[J].贵州体育科技,2006,2：35-37
[23]万利.自由基的产生对运动疲劳的影响及其恢复机制[J].河北体育学院学报,2004,18(1)：21-22
[24]杨波,张钧.氧自由基脂质过氧化反应致运动性疲劳产生的机制研究[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(4)：188-189
[25]杨锡让.实用运动生理学.北京体育大学出版社,2003,8第2版：410-411
[26]张蕾,邓树勋.运动疲劳与神经递质的生理学研究进展[J].体育学刊,2002,9(2)：118-120
[27]宋亚军,孙勤枢等.一次性耐力运动对大鼠间脑单胺类神经递质变化及代谢能力的影响[J].体育学刊,2004,11(3):42-44
[28]丰荣,吴瑛.运动性疲劳产生的机制及其消除途径综述[J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版),2005,2(4)：19-23
[29]孙盛强.肌电生物反馈对消除运动性疲劳的研究[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004(3)：94-96
[30]孙萍.物理按摩疗法在抗运动性疲劳中的应用[J].中国中医药杂志,2005,3(8)：840-841
[31]梁志强,李何,涂俊杰.中药蒸汽浴消除运动性疲劳的几项实验研究[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2007,22(1)：128-130
[32]金宏.支链氨基酸对运动大鼠骨骼肌线粒体功能的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2001,2(4)：432-434
[33]李爱玲.支链氨基酸对大鼠心肌缺血损伤的防护作用[J].营养学报,1998,20(2)：138-140
[34]张蕴馄,王斌,蒋晓玲等.补充谷氨酞胺对大鼠力竭运动后血、脑游离色氨酸和脑5-轻色胺的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2004,23(6)：123-125
[35]Dalsgaard MK, IdeK, CaiY, etal. The intent to exercise influences the cerebral 10(2)/ear hydrateu ptakeratio in humans[J]. JPhysiol2002;540(PtZ):688-689
[36]陈峰.氨基酸对运动性疲劳的影响[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,11(17)：3419-342
[37]邱卓君.补充支链氨基酸对运动大鼠脑及血小板5.HT受体与螺环呱丁苯结合影响的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22(5):449-452
[38]马东晓.支链氨基酸的抗疲劳作用[J].冰雪运动,2004,3：45-46
[39]陈家旭.中医药抗运动疲劳概况与展望[J].中国运动医学杂志,1997, 16(1)：5-7.
[40]金其贯,徐碧君.VitaminE对大运动量训练的大鼠内皮细胞内分泌功能的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2000,19(3):278-281.
[41]夏去建.芦丁和维生素C对大鼠力竭运动后自由基代谢的影响志,1999,18(2)：169-170
[42]张新华.运动过量致维生索缺乏症1例[J].中国运动医学杂志,1998,17(2)：169-170
[43]李敏,沈新南,姚国英.茶氨酸延缓运动性疲劳及其作用机制研究[J].营养学报,2005,27(4)：326-329
[44]张惠,刘春然,王玲等.口服高氧液对急性运动性疲劳的防治作用及可能机制的初步探讨[J].解放军医学杂志,2005,30(6)：488-489
[45]陈敏雄.运动饮料对人体运动能力的影响[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2002,17(4)：64-65
[46]翟凤国.蜂花粉抗疲劳作用的实验研究[J].牡丹江医学院学报,2004,25(5)：8-10
[47]杨勇.蜂蛹提取物的抗疲劳作用研究[J].中成药,2008,30(8)：1228-1229
[48]唐·孙思邈.备急千金要方[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1982,349.
[49]唐·王熹.外台秘要[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1982,461.
[50]清·莫枚士.见：曹炳章原辑.中国医学大成[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,1997,530
[51]清·张介宾.类经[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,1997,206.
[52]难经.见：尚志均主编.中医八大经典全注[M].北京：华夏出版社,中国中医药出版社,1997,426.
[53]张世明,虞亚明,马健等.运动性疲劳的中医分型与诊断研究[J].体育科学,1998,18(6)：63.
[54]王辉武,吴行明,邓开蓉.((内经》“肝者,罢极之本”的临床价值[J].成都中医药大学学报,1997,20(2)：9.
[55]陈列红,潘雪飞,张长法等.试从微量元素角度探讨“肝为罢极之本”[J].江苏中医,1997,18(3):46.
[56]张慧敏,胡尧,程旭光.运动性疲劳与肝脏的关系[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(28)：220.
[57]韩立明.70分钟游泳对小白鼠脑、心、肝、肾、肌组织MDA水平及SOD活性的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,1996,15(1):69
[58]杨维益,陈家旭,王天芳等.神经一内分泌一免疫网络研究概况及其与中医肝脏关系的探讨[J].北京中医药大学学报,1996,19(1)：17
[59]沈自尹.从垂体。肾上腺轴来讨论常阐调节论[J].上海中医药杂志,1979,(5)：3.
[60]邝安,丁霆,陈家伦等.阳虚(甲状腺机能减退)和阴虚(甲状腺机能亢进)病人血浆环核普酸的对比[J].中医杂志,1979,20(7):405
[61]司富春.从下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴研究中医肾的现状及对策[J].中医研究,1994,7(3)：2
[62]罗卫芳,郭树仁,程士德.中医学肾本质现代研究概述[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2001,7(4)：75
[63]岳广欣,陈家旭,王竹风.中医心肝肾三脏在应激反应中的作用[J].辽宁中医杂志,2005,32(6)：528
[64]田惠林.足反射区按摩促进大强度有氧耐力运动疲劳消除的实验研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(3)：340-342
[65]杜晓宁.火龙液外用结合按摩对运动性疲劳及血皋酮和血乳酸的影响[J].江苏中医药,2008,40(9):60-62
[66]李红.针灸足三里穴对小鼠运动能力及部分免役指标的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2004,23(1)：42-44
[67]针刺足三里穴对小白鼠耐缺氧的实验观察[J],《广州中医学院学报》1988,5(3)：148-149
[68]陈永珍.穴位埋线治疗运动性疲劳疗效观察及机制探讨[J].中国针灸,2008,28(9)：656-658
[69]丁利荣.脐部外敷健脾中药抗运动性疲劳的研究[J].中医研究,2008,21(10)：29-32
[70]王和生,付文心.罐疗对大鼠运动疲劳所致尿素氮、尿酸、肌醉的消除作用[J].陕西中医,2000,21(12)：575
[71]李丽艳,路新国.《饮膳正要》对中国传统营养学的贡献[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2006,12(5)：399-400
[72]柯子瑞.药膳对运动性疲劳的防治作用[J].陕西中医学院学报,2005,28(5)：7-8
[73]聂卫.海参的药理作用及临床研究进展[J].天津药学,2002,14(1)：12-14
[74]Oleson, T. and R. Koening, A comparison of Chinese and Nogier auricular acupuncture Points[J]. American Journal of Acupuncture,1983,11 (3):205-223
[75]陈有伊.耳穴疗法的优势病种归纳分析[J].针灸临床杂志,2007,23(003)：1-3
[76]叶可平.新探耳穴贴压治疗反气管哮喘[J].淮南矿业学院学 报,1995,15(2)：83-85
[77]陈玲,刘心莲.耳针对实验性哮喘豚鼠肺组织β-受体的影响[J].针刺研究,1996,21(1)：56-59
[78]蔡红,胡智慧.不同耳穴对慢性阻塞性肺病患者肺功能影响的观察[J].上海针灸杂志,1998,17(1)：7-8
[79]田秉星.电针治疗胃瘫综合征30例[J].上海针灸杂志,2010,29(7)：456--457
[80]杨雅岚,陈惠荣.耳针与体针预防胆心反射的疗效观察[J].天津中医药,2006,23(3)：214-215.
[81]管钟洁,管遵信.针刺耳穴治疗心律失常39例[J].云南中医中药杂志,2010(1)：51
[82]穆广梅,陆玉莹.耳针加体针治疗心脏神经官能症疗效观察[J].中国针灸,2008,28(6)：409-410.
[83]梅志刚,朱兵,何伟,高听妍.耳针作用的形态学基础—来自HRP神经示踪法的证据[J].时珍国医国药,2009,20(11)：2675-2677
[84]Sator-Katzenschlager SM,Szeles JC, Scharbert G, et al. Electrical stimulation of auricular acupuncture points is more effective than conventional manual auricular acupuncture in chronic cervical pain: a pilot study[J]. Anesth Analg.2003,97(5):1469-1473.
[85]耳穴贴压治疗青少年近视近期疗效观察,中国针灸,2004,(9):618
[86]梁飞.针刺对青少年运动员长跑中血糖的调节作用[J].韶关学院学报,2009,30(6)：88-89
[87]吕时珍.针刺内关穴促进跆拳道运动员运动后心血管系统机能恢复效果的观察[J].北京体育大学学报,2007,30(5)：641-642
[88]胡伯林、经建坤,武术运动性疲劳的评定方法[J]辽宁体育科技,2003.10(25)：88-89
[89]王步标.人体生理学[M]北京：高等教育出版社
[90]吴纪饶.运动生理学教程[M]北京：高等教育出版社
[91]赵建明,张枢.针刺抗运动性生理心理疲劳作用研究[J]中国针灸,2004.8(24)：519
[92]邓树勋.王建高级运动生理学-理论与应用[M]北京：高等教育出版社,2003.1-5
[93]刘占峰.田径运动的疲劳与恢复[J]武汉体育学院学报,2003,11(37)63-65
[94]万利.中长跑不同运动负荷对血尿素和血乳酸水平的影响及相关性研究[J]辽宁体育科技,2003,4(25)：2-3
[95]吴纪饶,杜少武,周桂金.对极量运动疲劳时若干生理指标的观察和分析[J].沈阳体育学院学报,1992,40(2)：19
[96]胡伯林.武术运动员的运动性疲劳与恢复[J].河北体育学院学报,2004,9(18)：48-49
[97]蔡红,胡智慧,傅完珍.不同耳穴对慢性阻塞性肺病患者肺功能影响的观察[J],上海针灸杂志,1998,17：7-8
[98]邱春复.耳穴贴压对心血管功能的即时影响[J],赣南医学院学报,1999,3,15(1)：10-15
[99]刘维洲.耳穴循经感传现象的单双盲观察[J].针刺研究,1986,(2)：158
[100]刘维洲.耳穴相关群现象及认识[J].安徽中医学院学报,1989,8(1):45
[101]朱兵.针灸的科学基础青岛[M],青岛：青岛出版社1998第一版:73-74.
[102]张涛等主编.针灸现代研究与临床[M],北京：中国医药科技出版社,1998,第一版：23.
[103]Kems R. D. Turk, and T. Rudy. The west haven-yale multidimensional Pain inventory (WHYMPI)[J]. Pain,1985,23(4):345-356
[104]唐杰.从经络虹膜看人体全息律[J].云南中医杂志,1985,(1):3
[2]王建.关于运动性生理性疲劳的研究[J].华商,2008,8(1)：124
[3]张英根,邢桂琴,王黎明.运动疲劳与中医虚损[M].北京：人民体育出版社,2000,234
[4]苏克强.运动性肌肉疲劳与恢复的研究进展[J].体育世界,2008,11(1)：106-107
[5]熊正英等,浅谈中医与运动性疲劳[J].山西体育科技,2007,27(3):44-46
[6]高雪峰.运动性疲劳的产生与诊断[J].中外健康文摘,2008,5(4)：293-294
[7]杨锡让.实用运动生理学[M].北京体育大学出版社,2003,8第2版:402-403
[8]何全玲,焦卫宾.对近5年国内运动疲劳有关机能监控研究方法的分析[J].首都体育学院学报,2004,16(4)：95-97
[9]田野.运动生理学高级教程[M].高等教育出版社,2003,8：462-464
[10]李志文,罗兴华.葡萄糖对消除躯体运动性疲劳的影响[J].现代康复,2001,4(4)：117-118
[11]Banister, E.W. Exereise induce hyper ammone mia[J]. Int. J. Sport sMed, 1990, (11):5129
[12]Davis, J.M., etal. Possible mechanism so feen tralnervous system fatigue during exercise[J]. Med. Sei. SPortsExer,1997,29(1):45
[13]郑陆,沈东颖,高丽等.运动与氨代谢关系的研究进展[J].山东体育学院学报,2004,20(1)：413
[14]李志文,罗兴华.葡萄糖对消除躯体运动性疲劳的影响[J].现代康复,2001,4(4)：117-118
[15]BuonoM. J, etal. Blood laetatean dammonium ionae eumu lation during graded exereise in humans[J].J·APPI·Physiol,1984, (57):135
[16]陶胜国.PH值变化对运动能力的影响[J].吉林体育学院学,2005,21(4)：157-158
[17]宋杰,杨剐.钙与运动疲劳[J].淄博学院学报,2001,3(3)：94
[18]张蕾,邓树勋.运动疲劳与神经体质的生理学研究进展[J].体育学刊,2002,9(2)：87-90
[19]刘燕萍.运动性疲劳及其机制分析[J].西安体育学院学报,2001,9(7)：23-25
[20]王瑞元.运动生理学[M].人民体育出版社,2002,9：305-307
[21]曲绵域,于长隆,浦钧宗等.实用运动医学[M].北京：北京大学医学出版 社,2003：36-9
[22]潘宁敏,岑仑.运动性疲劳产生机制与恢复手段问题的研究综述[J].贵州体育科技,2006,2：35-37
[23]万利.自由基的产生对运动疲劳的影响及其恢复机制[J].河北体育学院学报,2004,18(1)：21-22
[24]杨波,张钧.氧自由基脂质过氧化反应致运动性疲劳产生的机制研究[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(4)：188-189
[25]杨锡让.实用运动生理学.北京体育大学出版社,2003,8第2版：410-411
[26]张蕾,邓树勋.运动疲劳与神经递质的生理学研究进展[J].体育学刊,2002,9(2)：118-120
[27]宋亚军,孙勤枢等.一次性耐力运动对大鼠间脑单胺类神经递质变化及代谢能力的影响[J].体育学刊,2004,11(3):42-44
[28]丰荣,吴瑛.运动性疲劳产生的机制及其消除途径综述[J].南京体育学院学报(自然科学版),2005,2(4)：19-23
[29]孙盛强.肌电生物反馈对消除运动性疲劳的研究[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004(3)：94-96
[30]孙萍.物理按摩疗法在抗运动性疲劳中的应用[J].中国中医药杂志,2005,3(8)：840-841
[31]梁志强,李何,涂俊杰.中药蒸汽浴消除运动性疲劳的几项实验研究[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2007,22(1)：128-130
[32]金宏.支链氨基酸对运动大鼠骨骼肌线粒体功能的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2001,2(4)：432-434
[33]李爱玲.支链氨基酸对大鼠心肌缺血损伤的防护作用[J].营养学报,1998,20(2)：138-140
[34]张蕴馄,王斌,蒋晓玲等.补充谷氨酞胺对大鼠力竭运动后血、脑游离色氨酸和脑5-轻色胺的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2004,23(6)：123-125
[35]Dalsgaard MK, IdeK, CaiY, etal. The intent to exercise influences the cerebral 10(2)/ear hydrateu ptakeratio in humans[J]. JPhysiol2002;540(PtZ):688-689
[36]陈峰.氨基酸对运动性疲劳的影响[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,11(17)：3419-342
[37]邱卓君.补充支链氨基酸对运动大鼠脑及血小板5.HT受体与螺环呱丁苯结合影响的研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2003,22(5):449-452
[38]马东晓.支链氨基酸的抗疲劳作用[J].冰雪运动,2004,3：45-46
[39]陈家旭.中医药抗运动疲劳概况与展望[J].中国运动医学杂志,1997, 16(1)：5-7.
[40]金其贯,徐碧君.VitaminE对大运动量训练的大鼠内皮细胞内分泌功能的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2000,19(3):278-281.
[41]夏去建.芦丁和维生素C对大鼠力竭运动后自由基代谢的影响志,1999,18(2)：169-170
[42]张新华.运动过量致维生索缺乏症1例[J].中国运动医学杂志,1998,17(2)：169-170
[43]李敏,沈新南,姚国英.茶氨酸延缓运动性疲劳及其作用机制研究[J].营养学报,2005,27(4)：326-329
[44]张惠,刘春然,王玲等.口服高氧液对急性运动性疲劳的防治作用及可能机制的初步探讨[J].解放军医学杂志,2005,30(6)：488-489
[45]陈敏雄.运动饮料对人体运动能力的影响[J].山西师大体育学院学报,2002,17(4)：64-65
[46]翟凤国.蜂花粉抗疲劳作用的实验研究[J].牡丹江医学院学报,2004,25(5)：8-10
[47]杨勇.蜂蛹提取物的抗疲劳作用研究[J].中成药,2008,30(8)：1228-1229
[48]唐·孙思邈.备急千金要方[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1982,349.
[49]唐·王熹.外台秘要[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1982,461.
[50]清·莫枚士.见：曹炳章原辑.中国医学大成[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,1997,530
[51]清·张介宾.类经[M].北京：中国中医药出版社,1997,206.
[52]难经.见：尚志均主编.中医八大经典全注[M].北京：华夏出版社,中国中医药出版社,1997,426.
[53]张世明,虞亚明,马健等.运动性疲劳的中医分型与诊断研究[J].体育科学,1998,18(6)：63.
[54]王辉武,吴行明,邓开蓉.((内经》“肝者,罢极之本”的临床价值[J].成都中医药大学学报,1997,20(2)：9.
[55]陈列红,潘雪飞,张长法等.试从微量元素角度探讨“肝为罢极之本”[J].江苏中医,1997,18(3):46.
[56]张慧敏,胡尧,程旭光.运动性疲劳与肝脏的关系[J].中国临床康复,2005,9(28)：220.
[57]韩立明.70分钟游泳对小白鼠脑、心、肝、肾、肌组织MDA水平及SOD活性的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,1996,15(1):69
[58]杨维益,陈家旭,王天芳等.神经一内分泌一免疫网络研究概况及其与中医肝脏关系的探讨[J].北京中医药大学学报,1996,19(1)：17
[59]沈自尹.从垂体。肾上腺轴来讨论常阐调节论[J].上海中医药杂志,1979,(5)：3.
[60]邝安,丁霆,陈家伦等.阳虚(甲状腺机能减退)和阴虚(甲状腺机能亢进)病人血浆环核普酸的对比[J].中医杂志,1979,20(7):405
[61]司富春.从下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴研究中医肾的现状及对策[J].中医研究,1994,7(3)：2
[62]罗卫芳,郭树仁,程士德.中医学肾本质现代研究概述[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2001,7(4)：75
[63]岳广欣,陈家旭,王竹风.中医心肝肾三脏在应激反应中的作用[J].辽宁中医杂志,2005,32(6)：528
[64]田惠林.足反射区按摩促进大强度有氧耐力运动疲劳消除的实验研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(3)：340-342
[65]杜晓宁.火龙液外用结合按摩对运动性疲劳及血皋酮和血乳酸的影响[J].江苏中医药,2008,40(9):60-62
[66]李红.针灸足三里穴对小鼠运动能力及部分免役指标的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,2004,23(1)：42-44
[67]针刺足三里穴对小白鼠耐缺氧的实验观察[J],《广州中医学院学报》1988,5(3)：148-149
[68]陈永珍.穴位埋线治疗运动性疲劳疗效观察及机制探讨[J].中国针灸,2008,28(9)：656-658
[69]丁利荣.脐部外敷健脾中药抗运动性疲劳的研究[J].中医研究,2008,21(10)：29-32
[70]王和生,付文心.罐疗对大鼠运动疲劳所致尿素氮、尿酸、肌醉的消除作用[J].陕西中医,2000,21(12)：575
[71]李丽艳,路新国.《饮膳正要》对中国传统营养学的贡献[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2006,12(5)：399-400
[72]柯子瑞.药膳对运动性疲劳的防治作用[J].陕西中医学院学报,2005,28(5)：7-8
[73]聂卫.海参的药理作用及临床研究进展[J].天津药学,2002,14(1)：12-14
[74]Oleson, T. and R. Koening, A comparison of Chinese and Nogier auricular acupuncture Points[J]. American Journal of Acupuncture,1983,11 (3):205-223
[75]陈有伊.耳穴疗法的优势病种归纳分析[J].针灸临床杂志,2007,23(003)：1-3
[76]叶可平.新探耳穴贴压治疗反气管哮喘[J].淮南矿业学院学 报,1995,15(2)：83-85
[77]陈玲,刘心莲.耳针对实验性哮喘豚鼠肺组织β-受体的影响[J].针刺研究,1996,21(1)：56-59
[78]蔡红,胡智慧.不同耳穴对慢性阻塞性肺病患者肺功能影响的观察[J].上海针灸杂志,1998,17(1)：7-8
[79]田秉星.电针治疗胃瘫综合征30例[J].上海针灸杂志,2010,29(7)：456--457
[80]杨雅岚,陈惠荣.耳针与体针预防胆心反射的疗效观察[J].天津中医药,2006,23(3)：214-215.
[81]管钟洁,管遵信.针刺耳穴治疗心律失常39例[J].云南中医中药杂志,2010(1)：51
[82]穆广梅,陆玉莹.耳针加体针治疗心脏神经官能症疗效观察[J].中国针灸,2008,28(6)：409-410.
[83]梅志刚,朱兵,何伟,高听妍.耳针作用的形态学基础—来自HRP神经示踪法的证据[J].时珍国医国药,2009,20(11)：2675-2677
[84]Sator-Katzenschlager SM,Szeles JC, Scharbert G, et al. Electrical stimulation of auricular acupuncture points is more effective than conventional manual auricular acupuncture in chronic cervical pain: a pilot study[J]. Anesth Analg.2003,97(5):1469-1473.
[85]耳穴贴压治疗青少年近视近期疗效观察,中国针灸,2004,(9):618
[86]梁飞.针刺对青少年运动员长跑中血糖的调节作用[J].韶关学院学报,2009,30(6)：88-89
[87]吕时珍.针刺内关穴促进跆拳道运动员运动后心血管系统机能恢复效果的观察[J].北京体育大学学报,2007,30(5)：641-642
[88]胡伯林、经建坤,武术运动性疲劳的评定方法[J]辽宁体育科技,2003.10(25)：88-89
[89]王步标.人体生理学[M]北京：高等教育出版社
[90]吴纪饶.运动生理学教程[M]北京：高等教育出版社
[91]赵建明,张枢.针刺抗运动性生理心理疲劳作用研究[J]中国针灸,2004.8(24)：519
[92]邓树勋.王建高级运动生理学-理论与应用[M]北京：高等教育出版社,2003.1-5
[93]刘占峰.田径运动的疲劳与恢复[J]武汉体育学院学报,2003,11(37)63-65
[94]万利.中长跑不同运动负荷对血尿素和血乳酸水平的影响及相关性研究[J]辽宁体育科技,2003,4(25)：2-3
[95]吴纪饶,杜少武,周桂金.对极量运动疲劳时若干生理指标的观察和分析[J].沈阳体育学院学报,1992,40(2)：19
[96]胡伯林.武术运动员的运动性疲劳与恢复[J].河北体育学院学报,2004,9(18)：48-49
[97]蔡红,胡智慧,傅完珍.不同耳穴对慢性阻塞性肺病患者肺功能影响的观察[J],上海针灸杂志,1998,17：7-8
[98]邱春复.耳穴贴压对心血管功能的即时影响[J],赣南医学院学报,1999,3,15(1)：10-15
[99]刘维洲.耳穴循经感传现象的单双盲观察[J].针刺研究,1986,(2)：158
[100]刘维洲.耳穴相关群现象及认识[J].安徽中医学院学报,1989,8(1):45
[101]朱兵.针灸的科学基础青岛[M],青岛：青岛出版社1998第一版:73-74.
[102]张涛等主编.针灸现代研究与临床[M],北京：中国医药科技出版社,1998,第一版：23.
[103]Kems R. D. Turk, and T. Rudy. The west haven-yale multidimensional Pain inventory (WHYMPI)[J]. Pain,1985,23(4):345-356
[104]唐杰.从经络虹膜看人体全息律[J].云南中医杂志,1985,(1):3