“领会教学法”在足球普修课教学中的实验研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
80年代“领会教学”这一短语最早出现在英国。这个词汇创造者是桑普和邦克(Thorpe & Bunker),默尔顿和瑞德芬(Mauldon & Redfem)最早使用这一词汇。领会教学法是针对传统技能教学法而提出的,因为纯粹的技术演练是孤立的,并没有真正灵活的运用到实践中去。
     领会教学法的提出引起了极大的争论,人们往往把技术教学和战术教学两极化。实际上,把技术和战术断然分开是不可能的,技术是战术的基础,只有两者有机结合才能有效的进行比赛。领会教学法认为有效的球类教学是把战术理解和技术发展结合起来,而不是仅仅局限于某一方面。这种观点意味着球类教学应经历从战术一技能的教学。领会教学强调的是在技术学习之前让学生进行战术的理解,因此,领会教学给球类教学提供了一个全新的方法,这就是在技术演练之前进行战术演练。对球类运动有所理解之后就会形成一些战术意识,这些战术意识会使学生有效的选择技术和利用技术。相反的,“技术”教学法把着眼点首先放在学生的技术教学上,然后在成型的技术的基础上再进行对战术理解的介绍。
     领会教学法能够教授学生在如何做(how)之前明白为什么做(why)。桑普和邦克(Bunker & Thorpe),介绍了一个6阶段的教学模式。在这一教学模式中最关键的是学生在比赛中必须决定该做什么(what),然后根据比赛的需要来决定“如何做”。这样就会激励学生,根据实际需要来练习有用的技能或方法以提高比赛的操作能力。本文通过“领会教学法”在足球普修课中的实验研究,探讨“领会教学法”在教学实践中的可行性及有效性,以期为足球课的教学改革提供一种新的思路和理论依据。
     本文主要采用了文献资料法、调查问卷法、教学实验法和数理统计法,通过教学实验获得了对照组和实验组的大量数据,对这些数据进行了统计分析处理,得出以下结论:1 “领会教学法”与传统技能教学法相比,它充分适应了高校体育教学改革与发展需要的基本规律,体现了素质教育的基本特征,实现了对竞技项目的“教材化”。实践证明,其教学效果优于传统教学方法,在高校足球普修课中有较高的推广价值。2 “领会教学法”以学生认知能力和战术意识的培养为核心,将训练学生应付各种复杂情况的能力作为学习的关键,从而避免学生生硬、盲目的完成动作,机械的进
    
    行技术与战术学习,为学生课外和终身从事足球运动奠定了基础。
    3“领会教学法”把战术意识学习置于首位,而把技巧的学习置于其后。提高了学
    生学习的兴趣,使学生有明确的学习目的,激发了学生学习的积极性、主动性和创
    造性。符合当代大学生学习的心理特征。
    4“领会教学法”中所有练习采用不同形式的集体组合教学,学生不仅运用技术的
    能力得到提高,而且对学生完善人格因素,培养个性都起到了积极的作用,特别是
    培养学生自信与乐观、独立与合作、好奇与兴趣方面更具特色。这符合当今高校培
    养综合素质人才的教育观念。
The Teaching games for understanding (TGfU) phrase was first coined in the United Kingdom in the early 1980s. The ideas were spawned by Thorpe, Bunker & Almond and drew on the earlier work of Mauldon & Redfern . The TGfU approach was proposed as an alternative to the technique approach because it was noted that techniques practiced in isolation did not transfer to the game.
    The TGfU approach has encouraged debate on games teaching which until recently has often polarized into skills & tactics arguments. In reality it is impossible to separate skills from tactics, the tactical use of skills is the essence of effective game playing. Effective games teaching from a TGfU perspective is about combining the teaching of tactical understanding with skill development, rather than focusing on one aspect or the other. This idea implies a game play experience for a tactic-to-skill approach to games teaching. The TGfU focuses upon teaching students tactical understanding before dealing with the performance of skills, as such the TGfU offers a tactical approach to games teaching emphasizing game performance before skill performance. As such game performance is understood as tactical awareness leading to effective skill selection and skill execution. Conversely, a "technique" approach focuses first on teaching students the skills to play the game then introducing tactical understanding once a
     skill base has been developed.
    The TGfU approach was proposed as a way of putting the WHY of a game before the HOW. Bunker and Thorpe suggested a six-stage model. A key focus of this model is that learners have to make decisions about "what to do" to play a game successfully, then "how to do" what they have realized they need. Based on this decision making learners are sensitized to their need to practice the necessary skills or way of playing to improve game performance .
    Documentation,investigation,teaching experiment and scientific are some means used in the thesis. A great deal of data between contrast groups and experimental groups is
    
    
    
    obtained through the comparative method among teaching experimental groups.Moreover the data is statistically analysed.The conclusions are down as below:
    1. The TGfU approach compare with traditional technique approach, it adapt to the reform in education and development to need now basic characteristic that educate of character.
    2. The TGfU approach with the ability that student perception ability with the student that the every kind of and complicated circumstance of educating to core, will training of tactics consciousness cope with the key to be used as the study, from but avoid the student not smooth, completing of blindness the proceeding technique and tactics study of the action, machine.
    3. The TGfU approach study the tactics consciousness to place in first, but place in the technique afterward, increased the student the interest that study, and make that student have clear and definite study purposed, and stir up the student the positive, active that study with creates sex.Match the contemporary university student the mental state characteristic that study.
    4. In the TGfU approach all practices of inside the adoption ability that the different form that collective combination teaching, student not only make use of technique get increase, and to perfect personality factor of student, educated the character to all rise toed the positive function, and especially educate the student's self- confidence and optimism, independence and cooperation, very strange have the special features with interest aspect more. This match the university of now to educate to synthesize the education idea of the character talented person.
引文
[1] 高嵘.“领会教学”——体育课球类教学改革的新趋向[J].学科教育理论研究,1999(4):41-43.
    [2] 龚智敏.“领会教学法”在足球专修课教学改革中的实践初探[J].湖北体育科技,2000(1):63-66.
    [3] 廖玉光,刘锦新等.“领会教学法”在香港球类教材教学中的个案研究[J].中国学校体育,1999(4):58.
    [4] 高嵘.领会教学法的特点[J].中国学校体育,1999(1):55-57.
    [5] 邢红林等.“领会教学法”在高校排球专项课中运用的实验研究[J].四川体育科技,2001(3):67-69.
    [6] 廖玉光,杨静珍,钱铭佳.“领会教学法”的思路[J].中国学校体育,1998(3):28-29.
    [7] 杜珍花.“领会教学法”在武术教学中的运用[J].体育教学,2000(1):41.
    [8] 张素霞.体育课堂教学质量评估的方法[J].体育函授通讯,2002(3):61-62.
    [9] 陈克耀,李新秀.素质教育观下的体育教育评价[J].南京体育学院学报,2002(3):48.
    [10] 姚蕾,闻勇.对我国体育教学评价的理论思考[J].北京体育学院学报,2002(1):92-94.
    [11] 袁建国.中学体育教学法课堂微格教学的设计与研究[J].北京体育学院学报,2002(1):114-116.
    [12] 陈武山,陆伯珩,何碧妍.游泳技术“层次教学法”的设计与实验研究[J].北京体育学院学报,2000(3):384-387.
    [13] 洪显君.在正面扣球教学中使用视觉标志的实验研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,2002(2):129-131.
    [14] 白光斌,康利则,吕小峰.体育教育专业铅球教学进度改革的实验研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2002(1):93-95.
    [15] 吕青.“学导式程序化”教学法在体育院系跨栏技术教学中的实验研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2001(3):91-93.
    
    
    [16] 陈秋斌.表象训练运用于“行进间单手肩上投篮”教学的实验研究[J].体育科学研究,2002(2):65-67.
    [17] 纪利娟,庄钧.普通高校篮球选项课程序化教学的实验研究[J].南京体育学院学报,2000(3):27-30.
    [18] 朱亚元,倪伟,李洪,杨雪飞.初中学生耐力素质分层教学的实践与研究[J].体育科研,2000(3):30-34.
    [19] 王民享等.2001年美洲杯足球赛进攻与进球特点的分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2001(4):552-554.
    [20] 杨浩.第11届欧洲杯足球赛常用防守技术的研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2001(2):75-76.
    [21] 叶国治.关于中国青年足球运动员身体素质模式的初步研究[J].中国体育科技,1983(8):15-26.
    [22] 张贻琪等.世界杯足球赛测量评价方法研究[J].天津体育学院学报,2000(4):62-64.
    [23] 陆明辉.我国U——17男子少年足球队运动训练水平综合评价方法[J].北京体育大学学报,2001(4):558-560.
    [24] 张延安,杨刚.足球比赛快速进攻的手段与攻击位置研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2001(4):48-50.
    [25] 蒋健保.提高足球基础战术配合教学效果的实验研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2002(1):103-104.
    [26] 张延安,杨钢.足球运动员战术意识活动过程是否有序的调查研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2001(1):65-68.
    [27] 胡济群,沈梅.浅析足球意识的培养[J].南京体育学院学报,1998(4):66-69.
    [28] 余丽华.篮球战术意识若干理论问题的再思考[J].西安体育学院学报,2001(1):69-71.
    [29] 樊西宁.关于篮球意识的几点思考[J].体育与科学,2001(4):36-37.
    [30] 董伦红,曾晓琼.对篮球运动中意识内涵的再探讨[J].体育学刊,2001(1):65-66.
    [31] 赵芳,刘晓华.论现代篮球战术意识[J].首都体育学院学报,2001(3):50-53.
    [32] 王守恒,张全宁.关于“篮球意识”的理论探讨[J].北京体育师范学院学报,1999
    
    (3):34-39.
    [33] 王洪.试论网球运动的战术意识及培养[J].四川体育科学,2001(4):17-19.
    [34] 胡英清.篮球意识训练的相关因素研究[J].体育与科学,2001(4):32-35.
    [35] A·W·迈尔斯,R·施莱瑟.一种可提高篮球运动水平的认知行为方法[J].国外体育科技,1986(3):40-41.
    [36] 贾齐.浅谈体育学的一个基本概念——身体(运动)性认知[J].体育与科学,1998(2):9-11.
    [37] 赵建林,杨胜利,白青.从认知心理学角度探讨体育课的组织与教学[J].北京体育大学学报,2001(1):28-29.
    [38] 谢红光,莫冬丽.认知结构的迁移观与运动技能学习[J].天津体育学院学报,2001(2):59-61.
    [39] 纪建敏,胡红,蔡元伟.实现我国体育课堂改革的构想[J].四川体育科技,2001(1):58-61.
    [40] 马晓军,薛予阳.发现教学法在体育院系运动训练专业足球技术教学中的应用[J].四川体育科技,2002(4):69-71.
    [41] 徐达正.论运动技术教学中的“活”[J].武汉体育学院学报,2002(2):123-124.
    [42] 贾齐.“运动规则”及“运动技术”(技能)概念的学科教学论考察[J].体育与科学,2001(5):59-61.
    [43] 蒋诗泉,成宇.“电视闭音”教学手段与学生足球战术意识的培养[J].体育与科学,2001(4):79-80.
    [44] 吴金元.关于篮球划区域教学方法的实验研究[J].中国体育科技,2001(6):22-24.
    [45] 肖焕禹,周莉,罗海涛.体育教学模式的结构、类型及应用条件[J].上海体育学院学报,2002(2):76-81.
    [46] 廖玉光.球类教学——领会教学法[M].香港教育学院,2002.
    [47] 李杰凯.体育教学原理与教学模式[M].辽宁教育出版社,1995,10.
    [48] 王文生等.体育教学论 体育方法学 中学体育教材教法[M].广西师范大学出版社,2000,12.
    [49] 曲宗湖,杨文轩.现代社会与学校体育[M].人民体育出版社,1999,8.
    
    
    [50] 王策三.教学实验论[M].人民教育出版社,2000.
    [51] 袁振国.教育研究方法[M].高等教育出版社,2001.
    [52] 曲宗湖,杨文轩.学校体育教学探索[M].人民体育出版社,2001,4.
    [53] 毛振明.探索成功的体育教学[M].北京体育大学出版社,2001,9
    [54] 毛振明.体育教学科学化探索.高等教育出版社,1999,10.
    [55] 全国体育学院校教材委员会.现代足球[M].人民体育出版社,2001,6.
    [56] 王坦.合作教学——原理与策略[M].学苑出版社,2001,10.
    [57] Schmidt, R. A., & Wrisberg, C. A.Motor learning and performance: A problembased,2000.
    [58] Williams, A. M., Davids, K., & Williams, J. G.Visual perception and action in sport. E & FN Spon, 1999.
    [59] Williams, A. M., Davids, K., Burwitz, L., & Williams, J. G.Perception and action in sport. Journal of Human Movement Studies,1992:147-204.
    [60] Salthouse, T. A.Expertise as the circumvention of human processing limitations, 1991.
    [61] In K. A. Ericsson & J. Smith (Eds.), Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits, 1996:286-300.
    [62] Walter, C., Lee, T. D., & Sternad, D.The dynamic systems approach to motor control and learning: Promises, potential limitations, and future directions. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport,1998:316-318.
    [63] Hodges, N. J., McGarry, T., & Franks, I. M.A dynamical system's approach to the examination of sport behaviour. Avante, 1998:16-38.
    [64] Van der Kamp, J., Vereijken, B., & Savelsbergh, G.Physical and informational constraints in the coordination and control of human movement. Corpus, Psyche et Societas, 1996:102-118.
    [65] Alberta Learning.Physical education guide to implementation. Edmonton, Alberta Education.,1999.
    [66] Mosston, M., & Ashworth, S.Teaching physical education. Columbus, OH: Merrill,1986.
    [67] Chalip, L., Csikszentmihalyi, M., Kleiber, D., & Larson, R. Variations of experience
    
    in formal and informal sport. Research Quarterly, 1984:109-116.
    [68] Bunker, D., Thorpe, R. A model for the teaching of games in secondary schools. Bulletin of Physical Education, 1982: 7-10.
    [69] Crriffin, L.L., Mitchell, S.A., & Oslin, J.L.Teaching sport concepts and skills: A tactical games approach. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Press, 1997.
    [70] Thorpe, R., Bunker, D.J.,& Almond. A change in focus for the teaching of games. Sport pedagogy: Olympic scientific congress proceedings, 1984.
    [71] Lawton,J.Comparison of two teaching methods in games.Bulleting of Physical Education,.1989:35-38.
    [72] Tim Hopper,Darren Kruisselbrink.Teaching Games for Understanding:What does it looklike and how does it influense student skill learning and game performance?.AVANTE, 2002:1-33.
    [73] Smith,M.D.Utilizing The Games for Understanding Model at The Elementary School Level,The Physical Educator,1992:184-187.
    [74] Sparker,A.Focusing on the subjective meaning of change in the process of innovation.PE Review,1987:48-57.
    [75] Stodder,P.Teaching Games for Understanding the Practicalities of Developing New Courses in Schools. Bulleting of Physical Education, 1985:12-19.
    [76] Thorpe,R., Bunker,D.Issue That arise when preparing to teach for understanding.Bulleting of P.E, 1983:15-18.
    [77] Thorpe,R.Teaching Games for Understanding:The Importance of Student Emphasis Over Content Emphasis.Joperd, 2002:44-48.
    [78] Tim Hopper.Teaching Game Centred Games Using Progressive Principles of Play.CAHPERD,1998:4-7.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700