产业集群人才吸引力及其影响机制研究
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摘要
20世纪80年代以后，世界经济版图上涌现出大量的具有竞争活力的产业集群。产业集群推动了区域经济的增长，构建了国家产业竞争的优势，同时也吸引和集聚了大批人才。人才的吸引与集聚促进了产业集群的发展，也是使产业集群的竞争优势得到增强和保持。当前我国许多传统产业集群在全球化的激烈竞争下，面临着产业升级和结构调整的难题，而高素质和高技能人才的短缺成为关键的制约因素。因此，研究产业集群人才吸引力，发挥产业集群在吸引高层次人才中的协同整合作用，具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文针对产业集群的人才吸引力进行了如下研究：
首先对产业集群人才吸引力的相关理论研究文献的主要观点进行了系统全面的归纳，对产业集群的人才吸引力效应进行了理论解释；并以产业集群理论为基础，基于产业集群的地理接近性和产业关联性两个最基本特征，分析产业集群人才吸引力研究的参照对象选择及人才吸引力差异的组成结构，运用组织吸引力的测量方法设计了产业集群人才吸引力评价测量量表，并选择佛山地区作为典型样本对产业集群人才吸引力进行了实际测量，从理论和实证两方面验证了产业集群人才吸引力效应的存在。
其次，运用组织研究的多层次理论方法，遵循产业集群竞争力研究的纵向结构思路，将产业集群人才吸引力的影响因素从宏观到微观划分为区域、集群和企业三个不同层面，设计出产业集群人才吸引力的影响因素量表，并进行了实证检验，建立了产业集群人才吸引力影响因素的多层次模型，区分了产业集群人才吸引的核心因素、中间因素和外围因素。
然后，结合人口迁移理论、产业集群理论和组织吸引力理论，解析了产业集群人才吸引力影响因素的作用机制，分析了区域层、产业集群层和企业层各层次因素之间的传导关系，以及它们对产业集群人才吸引力的影响，并运用结构方程模型进行了实证检验，揭示了从宏观层到微观层不同因素对产业集群人才吸引力的直接影响和间接影响。
最后，运用协同理论分析了产业集群人才吸引力提升的路径，揭示了产业集群人才吸引过程中的协同效应和自增强效应，从区域宏观层面、企业微观层面提出了相应的政策建议，并阐述了产业集群的中间组织特性在人才吸引中的协同整合作用，剖析了产业集群在人才吸引力的提升中的产业协同、市场协同、品牌协同以及文化协同策略，建立了产业集群人才吸引力提升的协同整合模型，为产业集群人才吸引提供了政策参考。
Since 1980s, a large number of competitive dynamic industrial clusters emerged in the world's economic domain, which not only promoted regional economic growth, but also gathered a large number of talented people. While the agglomeration of talents also promoted the development of industrial clusters in turn and talents had become the key for industrial clusters to maintain sustainable competitive advantages. In the current context of global competition, many of our traditional advanced industrial clusters are facing problems of industrial upgrading and structural adjustment inevitably, while the shortage of skilled and quality talents has become a key factor. Therefore, there is an important theoretical value and practical significance for us to research the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness so that to exert the synergistic integration functions of industrial cluster in attracting and gathering more high-level talents. Based on the talent attractiveness of industrial clusters, this thesis carried out the research as followings:
Firstly, this thesis summarized the main viewpoints of theatrical research literature that related to industrial cluster's talent attractiveness and theoretically explaned the talent attracting effects of the industrial cluster. Based on the two basic features of geographical proximity and industrial relevance in the theory of industrial clusters, this thesis analyzed the referenced object selection methods and the composition structure of talent attractiveness differentiations, designed the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness index by applying the organization attractiveness measurement method, and then conducted the empirically investigation by taking Foshan region as a typical sample, which confirmed the existence of the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness effect from both the theoretical and practical perspectives.
Then, this thesis applied the multi-level theory, in accordance with the longitudinal structure method of the industrial clusters competitiveness research, and divided the influential factors of industrial cluster's talent attraction effect into regional level, clusters level and enterprise level, from the macro level to the micro level. And it also designed an industrial cluster's talent attractiveness influence factors scale, and conducted an empirical test. Then it established a multi-layer model, which distinguished the core factors, intermediary factors and external factors for the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness effect.
Furthermore, by combining the migration theory, industrial cluster theory and organizational attractiveness theory, this thesis interpreted the influencing mechanism of the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness factors, analyzed the transformational relation among the regional, industrial clusters and enterprise layer, as well as their impact on the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness. Then the structural equation model was applied to conduct the empirical test that revealing the direct and indirect influence law of different factors from the macro to the micro-layers on the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness.
Finally, this thesis analyzed the nurturing and enhancing approach of the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness power by the application of synergistic theory, revealed the synergy effect and self-reinforcing effect in the talent attracting process. Then, it proposed the policy recommendations in macro regional level and micro enterprises level, and interpreted the function of the industrial cluster as a medium organization in the synergistic integration process of talent attractiveness,explored the strategies of industrial synergy, market synergy, brand synergy and cultural synergy, and established a synergistic integration model of the industrial cluster in the process of nurturing and enhancing its talent attractiveness to provided a reference for the industrial cluster's talent attracting policy.
首先对产业集群人才吸引力的相关理论研究文献的主要观点进行了系统全面的归纳，对产业集群的人才吸引力效应进行了理论解释；并以产业集群理论为基础，基于产业集群的地理接近性和产业关联性两个最基本特征，分析产业集群人才吸引力研究的参照对象选择及人才吸引力差异的组成结构，运用组织吸引力的测量方法设计了产业集群人才吸引力评价测量量表，并选择佛山地区作为典型样本对产业集群人才吸引力进行了实际测量，从理论和实证两方面验证了产业集群人才吸引力效应的存在。
其次，运用组织研究的多层次理论方法，遵循产业集群竞争力研究的纵向结构思路，将产业集群人才吸引力的影响因素从宏观到微观划分为区域、集群和企业三个不同层面，设计出产业集群人才吸引力的影响因素量表，并进行了实证检验，建立了产业集群人才吸引力影响因素的多层次模型，区分了产业集群人才吸引的核心因素、中间因素和外围因素。
然后，结合人口迁移理论、产业集群理论和组织吸引力理论，解析了产业集群人才吸引力影响因素的作用机制，分析了区域层、产业集群层和企业层各层次因素之间的传导关系，以及它们对产业集群人才吸引力的影响，并运用结构方程模型进行了实证检验，揭示了从宏观层到微观层不同因素对产业集群人才吸引力的直接影响和间接影响。
最后，运用协同理论分析了产业集群人才吸引力提升的路径，揭示了产业集群人才吸引过程中的协同效应和自增强效应，从区域宏观层面、企业微观层面提出了相应的政策建议，并阐述了产业集群的中间组织特性在人才吸引中的协同整合作用，剖析了产业集群在人才吸引力的提升中的产业协同、市场协同、品牌协同以及文化协同策略，建立了产业集群人才吸引力提升的协同整合模型，为产业集群人才吸引提供了政策参考。
Since 1980s, a large number of competitive dynamic industrial clusters emerged in the world's economic domain, which not only promoted regional economic growth, but also gathered a large number of talented people. While the agglomeration of talents also promoted the development of industrial clusters in turn and talents had become the key for industrial clusters to maintain sustainable competitive advantages. In the current context of global competition, many of our traditional advanced industrial clusters are facing problems of industrial upgrading and structural adjustment inevitably, while the shortage of skilled and quality talents has become a key factor. Therefore, there is an important theoretical value and practical significance for us to research the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness so that to exert the synergistic integration functions of industrial cluster in attracting and gathering more high-level talents. Based on the talent attractiveness of industrial clusters, this thesis carried out the research as followings:
Firstly, this thesis summarized the main viewpoints of theatrical research literature that related to industrial cluster's talent attractiveness and theoretically explaned the talent attracting effects of the industrial cluster. Based on the two basic features of geographical proximity and industrial relevance in the theory of industrial clusters, this thesis analyzed the referenced object selection methods and the composition structure of talent attractiveness differentiations, designed the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness index by applying the organization attractiveness measurement method, and then conducted the empirically investigation by taking Foshan region as a typical sample, which confirmed the existence of the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness effect from both the theoretical and practical perspectives.
Then, this thesis applied the multi-level theory, in accordance with the longitudinal structure method of the industrial clusters competitiveness research, and divided the influential factors of industrial cluster's talent attraction effect into regional level, clusters level and enterprise level, from the macro level to the micro level. And it also designed an industrial cluster's talent attractiveness influence factors scale, and conducted an empirical test. Then it established a multi-layer model, which distinguished the core factors, intermediary factors and external factors for the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness effect.
Furthermore, by combining the migration theory, industrial cluster theory and organizational attractiveness theory, this thesis interpreted the influencing mechanism of the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness factors, analyzed the transformational relation among the regional, industrial clusters and enterprise layer, as well as their impact on the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness. Then the structural equation model was applied to conduct the empirical test that revealing the direct and indirect influence law of different factors from the macro to the micro-layers on the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness.
Finally, this thesis analyzed the nurturing and enhancing approach of the industrial cluster's talent attractiveness power by the application of synergistic theory, revealed the synergy effect and self-reinforcing effect in the talent attracting process. Then, it proposed the policy recommendations in macro regional level and micro enterprises level, and interpreted the function of the industrial cluster as a medium organization in the synergistic integration process of talent attractiveness,explored the strategies of industrial synergy, market synergy, brand synergy and cultural synergy, and established a synergistic integration model of the industrial cluster in the process of nurturing and enhancing its talent attractiveness to provided a reference for the industrial cluster's talent attracting policy.
引文
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