德南洼陷下第三系油气运聚成藏特征
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摘要
临清坳陷经历四十余年油气勘探历程，在约5910Km~2面积上有九个洼陷，钻探了44口，仅有两口在下第三系见低熟油流，说明该区油气成藏的复杂性。本文遵从“从源岩-圈闭”的研究思路，运用新理论、新技术、新方法重点解剖德南洼陷低熟油灶的运聚成藏特征。在成藏动力学系统理论指导下，对德南洼陷下第三系进行整体、系统、动态、宏观与微观相结合的原则，分析压实曲线特征、异常孔隙流体压力；研究有机质演化过程、油气运移方向和分配单元、输导体系、构造样式；提取测井、地震资料，计算流体势；运用相干技术和可视化等技术。认为下第三系油灶的低熟是影响其运聚成藏的关键因素，生油岩低熟决定油气初次排烃的方向指向沙三下段；生油岩低熟决定成熟生油岩分布的局限性和输导体的特殊性；生油岩低熟决定起排烃时间晚、生烃量不足，从而决定有效的圈闭应是近源的、在运移主路线上。本文从成藏动力学系统划分入手，重点追溯成藏作用和过程研究，确定有效成藏动力学系统，确定有利运移分配方向和单元，指出有利的输导体系，并在以上基础上解剖有利区的构造样式和现有油藏特征，提出适合本区特征的成藏模式。研究取得的认识如下：
1、成藏条件研究表明，德南洼陷下第三系生油岩成熟度低，主力生油层在洼陷深部进入生烃门限，德南洼陷是一个低熟油灶。
2、泥岩压实特征表明，临清地区下第三系泥岩欠压实起始深度在1300-1500米，存在欠压实型、局部欠压实型、正常压实型三种泥岩压实曲线类型；德南洼陷下第三系泥岩欠压实曲线可划分四个欠压实带；纵向和平面上分布特征表明欠压实带的分布主要与沉积速率和非渗透泥岩的分布有关；欠压实成因分析表明，与沙一段和沙三段对应的欠压实带成因主要与泥岩分布及演化有关，与沙二段对应的欠压实带与沉积速率有较大的关系。
3、从成藏动力学系统的角度可将德南洼陷下第三系划分为三个成藏动力学系统，即上部、内部和下部成藏动力学系统。
4、从历史演化角度和二次运移理论出发，研究了德南洼陷下第三系低熟油灶的油气运移作用和分配，提出初次分配主要指向是沙三下段；内部成藏系统是有效的成藏系统，其内部油气的再次分配主要指向德3井南和德1井南是两个Ⅰ类油气分配单元；德南洼陷生烃深度2600-2800米间，排烃起始深度在3100-3400米间，按目前下第三系地层埋深深度，则沙一段生油岩基本上处于未成熟状态，沙三中、下生油岩处于低熟状态，仅在洼陷深部分布成熟生油岩。
5、通过对德南洼陷输导体空间分布及物性特征分析，揭示并论证了本区特殊的输导层主要是与源岩共生的泥灰岩、泥质白云岩及白云岩中的裂缝系统，为进一步寻找有关油气藏指出方向。
6、利用先进的工作站上的相干技术和可视化技术研究裂缝发育带、精细解
释了德南断裂系并取得了好的成果，为目标选取提供可靠依据。
7、德南洼陷低熟油灶具源岩生排烃期短、构造定型早、锅底生油、油气运
移不远等特点，故近源、在运移路径上的圈闭是形成油气藏的有利地区。
8、研究有利区带构造样式及其油气关系，认为可能存在三种成藏模式即陡
坡带的成藏模式、洼中垒成藏模式和缓坡带成藏模式。
There are nine depressions and forty-four drilled wells in Lin Qing sag that has an area of 5910 square kilometers and has been explored for more than forty years. Only two oil wells were found in the Eogene system indicates that petroleum entrapment in this area is complicated. Following the principle of from source to entrapment, the entrapment of De Nan depression is focused in this dissertation. Under the guide of the theory of dynamic system of entrapment, the main methods applied here are multidisciplinary analysis and comprehensive study. The characteristics of compaction curves, the evolution of organic matter, the direction of migration and assignment, conduit system, fluid potential are studied It is concluded that the low maturity of the source of the Eogene age is the main factor to control the entrapment. It controls the direction of the primary migration, confines the location of mature source rock and the special carrier rock, controls the time of expulsion and the amount of petroleum, therefore; the effective traps should be near to oil kitchen and on the pathways of migration. This thesis begins with the partition of dynamic system of entrapment, emphasizes the study on entrapment and process, then makes sure the effective dynamic system of entrapment, favorable direction of migration and conduit system and dissects the present reservoir and structural style, finally points out the likely models of entrapment. The main achievements can be summarized as followings:
1. By studying the material conditions of entrapment, it is conclude that De Nan depression is a low-mature oil kitchen, that main source rock of Sha San member is partly mature.
2.The undercompaction starts at the depth of 1300 to 1500 meter. And there are three types of undercompaction , local undercompaction, normal undercompaction and undercompaction, in Lin Qing area. Four undercompaction zones are divided on the undercompaction curves of shale in the Eogene system of De Nan depression. The distribution of the undercompaction is related to sedimentary velocity and the distribution of impermeable shale vertically and laterally. The genesis of undercopaction is different for each zone. The zones, which are related to Sha Yi and Sha San members, are caused by the distribution and evolution of shale. The zone related to Sha Er member is more related to sedimentary velocity.
3. Three dynamic systems of entrapment are divided in the Eogene of De Nan depression in terms of stratigraphic, tectonic characteristic and the vertical distribution of abnormal formation pressure.
4. It is concluded that the Es3 is a main member to accommodate the oil expelled from the source rock of the Es3 member, that two assignment units of the type I are prospective areas where faulted reservoirs, fracture reservoirs, lithologic deposits may well be founded. The depth of threshold is among 2600-2800 meter and that of expulsion is around 3100-3400 meter, so the source rock of Sha Er member is totally immature and that of Sha San member is partly mature.
5. The fractures of marlite, sandstone, faults and the disconformity between Sha San member and Sha Er member are three main conduit systems. For this low maturity of the oil kitchen, The fractures of marlite that coexist with source rock might as well be an important bridge to link oil kitchen and reservoir.
6. It is indicated that the fractures of marlite are next to De Nan fault zone on the slice of seismic coherence. De Nan fault zone is controlled by De Nan fracture system, which is broom-like and is composed by faults No.l, No.2 and No.3 from north to south.
7. The source rock in De Nan depression has the characteristics of a short period of expulsion, early tectonic ceasing, short migration distance, therefore; the most favorable places for entrapment is near oil kitchen and on the pathways of migration.
8. It is concluded that three entrapment models likely exist, a model on the steep slope, a model on the gentle slope and a model on the horst between the two dep
1、成藏条件研究表明，德南洼陷下第三系生油岩成熟度低，主力生油层在洼陷深部进入生烃门限，德南洼陷是一个低熟油灶。
2、泥岩压实特征表明，临清地区下第三系泥岩欠压实起始深度在1300-1500米，存在欠压实型、局部欠压实型、正常压实型三种泥岩压实曲线类型；德南洼陷下第三系泥岩欠压实曲线可划分四个欠压实带；纵向和平面上分布特征表明欠压实带的分布主要与沉积速率和非渗透泥岩的分布有关；欠压实成因分析表明，与沙一段和沙三段对应的欠压实带成因主要与泥岩分布及演化有关，与沙二段对应的欠压实带与沉积速率有较大的关系。
3、从成藏动力学系统的角度可将德南洼陷下第三系划分为三个成藏动力学系统，即上部、内部和下部成藏动力学系统。
4、从历史演化角度和二次运移理论出发，研究了德南洼陷下第三系低熟油灶的油气运移作用和分配，提出初次分配主要指向是沙三下段；内部成藏系统是有效的成藏系统，其内部油气的再次分配主要指向德3井南和德1井南是两个Ⅰ类油气分配单元；德南洼陷生烃深度2600-2800米间，排烃起始深度在3100-3400米间，按目前下第三系地层埋深深度，则沙一段生油岩基本上处于未成熟状态，沙三中、下生油岩处于低熟状态，仅在洼陷深部分布成熟生油岩。
5、通过对德南洼陷输导体空间分布及物性特征分析，揭示并论证了本区特殊的输导层主要是与源岩共生的泥灰岩、泥质白云岩及白云岩中的裂缝系统，为进一步寻找有关油气藏指出方向。
6、利用先进的工作站上的相干技术和可视化技术研究裂缝发育带、精细解
释了德南断裂系并取得了好的成果，为目标选取提供可靠依据。
7、德南洼陷低熟油灶具源岩生排烃期短、构造定型早、锅底生油、油气运
移不远等特点，故近源、在运移路径上的圈闭是形成油气藏的有利地区。
8、研究有利区带构造样式及其油气关系，认为可能存在三种成藏模式即陡
坡带的成藏模式、洼中垒成藏模式和缓坡带成藏模式。
There are nine depressions and forty-four drilled wells in Lin Qing sag that has an area of 5910 square kilometers and has been explored for more than forty years. Only two oil wells were found in the Eogene system indicates that petroleum entrapment in this area is complicated. Following the principle of from source to entrapment, the entrapment of De Nan depression is focused in this dissertation. Under the guide of the theory of dynamic system of entrapment, the main methods applied here are multidisciplinary analysis and comprehensive study. The characteristics of compaction curves, the evolution of organic matter, the direction of migration and assignment, conduit system, fluid potential are studied It is concluded that the low maturity of the source of the Eogene age is the main factor to control the entrapment. It controls the direction of the primary migration, confines the location of mature source rock and the special carrier rock, controls the time of expulsion and the amount of petroleum, therefore; the effective traps should be near to oil kitchen and on the pathways of migration. This thesis begins with the partition of dynamic system of entrapment, emphasizes the study on entrapment and process, then makes sure the effective dynamic system of entrapment, favorable direction of migration and conduit system and dissects the present reservoir and structural style, finally points out the likely models of entrapment. The main achievements can be summarized as followings:
1. By studying the material conditions of entrapment, it is conclude that De Nan depression is a low-mature oil kitchen, that main source rock of Sha San member is partly mature.
2.The undercompaction starts at the depth of 1300 to 1500 meter. And there are three types of undercompaction , local undercompaction, normal undercompaction and undercompaction, in Lin Qing area. Four undercompaction zones are divided on the undercompaction curves of shale in the Eogene system of De Nan depression. The distribution of the undercompaction is related to sedimentary velocity and the distribution of impermeable shale vertically and laterally. The genesis of undercopaction is different for each zone. The zones, which are related to Sha Yi and Sha San members, are caused by the distribution and evolution of shale. The zone related to Sha Er member is more related to sedimentary velocity.
3. Three dynamic systems of entrapment are divided in the Eogene of De Nan depression in terms of stratigraphic, tectonic characteristic and the vertical distribution of abnormal formation pressure.
4. It is concluded that the Es3 is a main member to accommodate the oil expelled from the source rock of the Es3 member, that two assignment units of the type I are prospective areas where faulted reservoirs, fracture reservoirs, lithologic deposits may well be founded. The depth of threshold is among 2600-2800 meter and that of expulsion is around 3100-3400 meter, so the source rock of Sha Er member is totally immature and that of Sha San member is partly mature.
5. The fractures of marlite, sandstone, faults and the disconformity between Sha San member and Sha Er member are three main conduit systems. For this low maturity of the oil kitchen, The fractures of marlite that coexist with source rock might as well be an important bridge to link oil kitchen and reservoir.
6. It is indicated that the fractures of marlite are next to De Nan fault zone on the slice of seismic coherence. De Nan fault zone is controlled by De Nan fracture system, which is broom-like and is composed by faults No.l, No.2 and No.3 from north to south.
7. The source rock in De Nan depression has the characteristics of a short period of expulsion, early tectonic ceasing, short migration distance, therefore; the most favorable places for entrapment is near oil kitchen and on the pathways of migration.
8. It is concluded that three entrapment models likely exist, a model on the steep slope, a model on the gentle slope and a model on the horst between the two dep
引文
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