地铁工程施工安全评价体系研究
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摘要
我国正处于地铁工程建设的高速发展阶段,安全问题至关重要。施工安全评价可及时发现危险,有效的遏制事故发生,是确保地铁工程安全施工的有力手段。本文分析了地铁工程施工安全评价的重要性,提出建立地铁工程施工安全评价体系,以弥补施工环节安全评价的缺失,完善地铁工程全过程的安全评价工作。
论文从地铁工程施工安全评价的研究背景入手,论证了国内外地铁工程施工安全评价的现状,显示出地铁工程施工安全评价研究和应用的严重不足;在以上工作基础上,论文进一步阐述施工安全评价的基本原理,分析了进行地铁工程施工安全评价的分析流程和评价方法,构建了较完善的地铁工程施工安全评价体系,包括施工安全组织管理评价、施工安全技术管理评价、施工环境安全管理评价、施工安全监控预警管理评价四个单项安全评价指标体系,以及四个单项安全管理水平等级和总体安全管理水平等级评价方法,并总结了本体系的主要特点;最后,论文提出建立地铁工程施工安全评价系统以促进安全评价体系更好的得到实施。
本文以科学、技术和实践经验的综合成果为基础,构建了地铁工程施工安全评价体系和评价方法,有利于推动地铁工程施工安全评价工作的开展,提升地铁工程施工阶段的安全管理水平,并为地铁工程全寿命周期其他阶段安全评价工作的开展提供了良好的借鉴。
China is currently undergoing high-speed metro construction, therefore, safety is essential. Risks can be found in time and accidents can be curbed effectively by the measure of safety assessment, which is a powerful tool to ensure the safety of metro engineering. To make up the lack of safety assessment in construction stage and improve the safety assessment for construction life cycle, the assessment system for metro engineering was established in this thesis.
The status of safety assessment of metro engineering was analyzed and summarized, then the need for safety assessment was demonstrated. Based on the background study, the principle, the analysis process and the assessment method for construction safety assessment of metro engineering were described, the safety assessment index system including four individual units was constructed, namely the organizational management safety, the technological management safety, the environment management safety and the monitoring and forewarning management. Furthermore, on this basis, the level of the four individual units of safety management and overall safety management level assessment method were given; the main characteristics of the system for construction safety assessment of metro engineering were analyzed. Finally, the establishment of the safety evaluation system was proposed in order to promote the implementation of the system of construction safety assessment of metro engineering.
Based on the integrated results of science, technology and practical experience, the construction safety assessment index system of metro engineering was established, which will contribute to the implementation of the system of construction safety assessment of metro engineering, promote the safety of metro engineering, and provide a good reference for the other stages’safety assessment of construction life cycle of metro engineering.
论文从地铁工程施工安全评价的研究背景入手,论证了国内外地铁工程施工安全评价的现状,显示出地铁工程施工安全评价研究和应用的严重不足;在以上工作基础上,论文进一步阐述施工安全评价的基本原理,分析了进行地铁工程施工安全评价的分析流程和评价方法,构建了较完善的地铁工程施工安全评价体系,包括施工安全组织管理评价、施工安全技术管理评价、施工环境安全管理评价、施工安全监控预警管理评价四个单项安全评价指标体系,以及四个单项安全管理水平等级和总体安全管理水平等级评价方法,并总结了本体系的主要特点;最后,论文提出建立地铁工程施工安全评价系统以促进安全评价体系更好的得到实施。
本文以科学、技术和实践经验的综合成果为基础,构建了地铁工程施工安全评价体系和评价方法,有利于推动地铁工程施工安全评价工作的开展,提升地铁工程施工阶段的安全管理水平,并为地铁工程全寿命周期其他阶段安全评价工作的开展提供了良好的借鉴。
China is currently undergoing high-speed metro construction, therefore, safety is essential. Risks can be found in time and accidents can be curbed effectively by the measure of safety assessment, which is a powerful tool to ensure the safety of metro engineering. To make up the lack of safety assessment in construction stage and improve the safety assessment for construction life cycle, the assessment system for metro engineering was established in this thesis.
The status of safety assessment of metro engineering was analyzed and summarized, then the need for safety assessment was demonstrated. Based on the background study, the principle, the analysis process and the assessment method for construction safety assessment of metro engineering were described, the safety assessment index system including four individual units was constructed, namely the organizational management safety, the technological management safety, the environment management safety and the monitoring and forewarning management. Furthermore, on this basis, the level of the four individual units of safety management and overall safety management level assessment method were given; the main characteristics of the system for construction safety assessment of metro engineering were analyzed. Finally, the establishment of the safety evaluation system was proposed in order to promote the implementation of the system of construction safety assessment of metro engineering.
Based on the integrated results of science, technology and practical experience, the construction safety assessment index system of metro engineering was established, which will contribute to the implementation of the system of construction safety assessment of metro engineering, promote the safety of metro engineering, and provide a good reference for the other stages’safety assessment of construction life cycle of metro engineering.
引文
[1]施毓凤,杨晟,孙力彤.城市轨道交通的安全管理问题[J].城市轨道交通研究, 2003, (2): 26-28
[2]于小舟.基于MORT的地铁安全评价系统研究[D]. [硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学, 2008
[3] Rail Safety and Standards Board on behalf of the UK rail industry: ISBN 978-0-9551435-2-6 Engineering Safety Management(The Yellow Book). 2007
[4] European Standard: EN 50126 Railway applications - The specification and demonstration Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS). 1998.10.1
[5] Germany Standard: Verordnungüber den Bau und Betrieb der Stra?enbahnen(BOStrab). 1981
[6] Matias, J.C.D.O., Coelho, D.A., 2002. The integration of the standards systems of quality management, environmental management and occupational health and safety management. International Journal of Production Research 40 (15), 3857–3866.
[7] Yates, J. K., and Aniftos, S.. International standards and construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, June 1997, 127-135.
[8] Karapetrovic, S., Jonker, J, 2003. Integration of standardized management systems: search for a recipe and ingredients. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence 14 (4), 451–459
[9] Soren Degn Eskesen, Per Tengborg, Jorgen Kampmann, Trine Holst Veicherts[J]. Guidelines for tunneling risk management, International tunneling association working groupNo.2. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 2004, (19): 217-237
[10] Lars Harms-Ringdahl. Relationships between accident investigations, risk analysis, and safety management[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2004, (111): 13-19
[11] Hyun-Ho Choi, Hyo-Nam Cho, and J. W. Seo. Risk Assessment Methodology forUnderground Construction Projects[J]. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT,2004,(3):258-272
[12] A. Haack, J. Schreyer. Emergency scenarios for tunnels and underground stations in public transport[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2006 (21): 285
[13] J. W. Seo, M.ASCE, Hyun Ho Choi. Risk-Based Safety Impact Assessment Methodology for Underground Construction Projects in Korea[J]. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT,2008,(1):72-81
[14] Alan N. Beard. Tunnel safety, risk assessment and decision-making[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2010, (25): 91-94
[15]唐涛,燕飞,郝春海.轨道交通信号系统安全评估与认证体系研究[J].都市快轨交通, 2004, 17(1) :28-32
[16]陈铁,管旭日,孙力彤.城市轨道交通综合安全管理体系研究[J].城市轨道交通研究, 2004, (1):16-18
[17]崔艳萍,唐祯敏,李毅雄.城市轨道交通现代安全管理系统构建初探[J].中国安全科学学报, 2005, 15(3): 43-48
[18] S.X. Zeng, Vivian W.Y. Tam, C.M. Tam.Towards occupational health and safety systems in the construction industry of China. Safety Science, (2008) 1155-1168
[19]苏云峰.城市轨道交通安全管理对策[J].湖北成人教育学院学报, 2006, 12(5): 64-65
[20]张素燕,秦国栋.构建城市轨道交通安全保障体系的思考[J].北京规划建设, 2007, (3):90-91
[21]荣利利,靳文舟,黄一峰等.城市轨道交通运营综合评价体系研究[J].城市轨道交通研究, 2008 (11): 47-50
[22]许巧详,何理,钟茂华等.城市轨道交通工程验收评价探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术, 2006, 2(1): 65-68
[23]万传风,魏庆朝.城市轨道交通运行评价指标体系[J].中国安全科学学报, 2006, 16(5): 79-83
[24]王山,姚晓辉,汪彤.地铁安全评价研究[J].华北科技学院学报, 2006, 3(1):46-49
[25]李铭辉.我国地铁运营安全评价体系研究[D]. [硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学, 2007
[26]代宝乾,汪彤,秦跃平等.基于事故理论的城市轨道交通风险评价模型研究[J].中国安全科学学报, 2007, 17(10) :156-159
[27]周刘刚,王海洋.城市地铁及地下工程施工环境安全风险评估与控制[J].铁道勘察, 2007, (6): 91-94
[28]何云,王悦.城市轨道交通噪声评价标准初探[J].中国环境监测, 2007, 23(5):75-77
[29]江家骅,王金波.城市轨道交通规划环境影响评价指标体系探讨[J].上海环境科学, 2008, 27(1):33-36
[30]王梦恕,张成平.城市地下工程建设的事故分析及控制.建筑科学与工程学报, 2008, 25(2): 1-6
[31]王卫东,杜香刚,钟晟.城市轨道交通评价指标权重模糊决策方法[J].中国铁道科学, 2009, 30(1) :118-121
[32]张博.地铁盾构法施工风险管理与应用研究[D]. [博士学位论文].长沙:中南大学, 2009
[33]邵根大.杭州地铁工地坍塌事故的警示[J].现代城市轨道交通, 2009 (1): 1-4
[34]张佳,付修华.程度地铁工程施工安全监督管理初探[J].建筑安全, 2006, (9): 31-34
[35]张学进.重庆轨道交通适应性及施工安全性评价研究[D]. [硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆交通大学, 2008
[36]路志强.建筑施工安全评价体系及预警研究[D]. [硕士学位论文].河北:河北农业大学, 2005
[37]王云.城市交通隧道安全评价体系及方法研究[D]. [硕士学位论文]广州:西南交通大学, 2005
[38]施仲衡,周庆瑞,郑晓薇. GB50157地铁设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2003.8.1
[39]任今浩,刘国琦,王义信. GB 50299-1999地下铁道工程施工及验收规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1999.10.1
[40]张庆风,王甦,万姜林. GB 50446-2008盾构法隧道施工与验收规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2008.9.1
[41]钟茂华,徐一平,何理. AQ8004-2007城市轨道交通预评价细则[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2007.4.1
[42]蒋玉琨,王娟,李广俊. GB/T 50438-2007地铁运营安全评价标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2008.5.1
[43]钟茂华,许巧祥,刘光武. AQ8005-2007城市轨道交通验收评价细则[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2007.4.1
[44]张雁,黄宏伟.地铁及地下工程建设风险管理指南[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.11.5
[45]中国住房和城乡建设部.城市轨道交通工程安全质量管理暂行办法.建质[2010]5号. 2010.1.8
[46]中国住房和城乡建设部.城市轨道交通工程安全生产督查要点.建办质函[2007]458号. 2007.10.19
[2]于小舟.基于MORT的地铁安全评价系统研究[D]. [硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学, 2008
[3] Rail Safety and Standards Board on behalf of the UK rail industry: ISBN 978-0-9551435-2-6 Engineering Safety Management(The Yellow Book). 2007
[4] European Standard: EN 50126 Railway applications - The specification and demonstration Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS). 1998.10.1
[5] Germany Standard: Verordnungüber den Bau und Betrieb der Stra?enbahnen(BOStrab). 1981
[6] Matias, J.C.D.O., Coelho, D.A., 2002. The integration of the standards systems of quality management, environmental management and occupational health and safety management. International Journal of Production Research 40 (15), 3857–3866.
[7] Yates, J. K., and Aniftos, S.. International standards and construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, June 1997, 127-135.
[8] Karapetrovic, S., Jonker, J, 2003. Integration of standardized management systems: search for a recipe and ingredients. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence 14 (4), 451–459
[9] Soren Degn Eskesen, Per Tengborg, Jorgen Kampmann, Trine Holst Veicherts[J]. Guidelines for tunneling risk management, International tunneling association working groupNo.2. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology, 2004, (19): 217-237
[10] Lars Harms-Ringdahl. Relationships between accident investigations, risk analysis, and safety management[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2004, (111): 13-19
[11] Hyun-Ho Choi, Hyo-Nam Cho, and J. W. Seo. Risk Assessment Methodology forUnderground Construction Projects[J]. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT,2004,(3):258-272
[12] A. Haack, J. Schreyer. Emergency scenarios for tunnels and underground stations in public transport[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2006 (21): 285
[13] J. W. Seo, M.ASCE, Hyun Ho Choi. Risk-Based Safety Impact Assessment Methodology for Underground Construction Projects in Korea[J]. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT,2008,(1):72-81
[14] Alan N. Beard. Tunnel safety, risk assessment and decision-making[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2010, (25): 91-94
[15]唐涛,燕飞,郝春海.轨道交通信号系统安全评估与认证体系研究[J].都市快轨交通, 2004, 17(1) :28-32
[16]陈铁,管旭日,孙力彤.城市轨道交通综合安全管理体系研究[J].城市轨道交通研究, 2004, (1):16-18
[17]崔艳萍,唐祯敏,李毅雄.城市轨道交通现代安全管理系统构建初探[J].中国安全科学学报, 2005, 15(3): 43-48
[18] S.X. Zeng, Vivian W.Y. Tam, C.M. Tam.Towards occupational health and safety systems in the construction industry of China. Safety Science, (2008) 1155-1168
[19]苏云峰.城市轨道交通安全管理对策[J].湖北成人教育学院学报, 2006, 12(5): 64-65
[20]张素燕,秦国栋.构建城市轨道交通安全保障体系的思考[J].北京规划建设, 2007, (3):90-91
[21]荣利利,靳文舟,黄一峰等.城市轨道交通运营综合评价体系研究[J].城市轨道交通研究, 2008 (11): 47-50
[22]许巧详,何理,钟茂华等.城市轨道交通工程验收评价探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术, 2006, 2(1): 65-68
[23]万传风,魏庆朝.城市轨道交通运行评价指标体系[J].中国安全科学学报, 2006, 16(5): 79-83
[24]王山,姚晓辉,汪彤.地铁安全评价研究[J].华北科技学院学报, 2006, 3(1):46-49
[25]李铭辉.我国地铁运营安全评价体系研究[D]. [硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学, 2007
[26]代宝乾,汪彤,秦跃平等.基于事故理论的城市轨道交通风险评价模型研究[J].中国安全科学学报, 2007, 17(10) :156-159
[27]周刘刚,王海洋.城市地铁及地下工程施工环境安全风险评估与控制[J].铁道勘察, 2007, (6): 91-94
[28]何云,王悦.城市轨道交通噪声评价标准初探[J].中国环境监测, 2007, 23(5):75-77
[29]江家骅,王金波.城市轨道交通规划环境影响评价指标体系探讨[J].上海环境科学, 2008, 27(1):33-36
[30]王梦恕,张成平.城市地下工程建设的事故分析及控制.建筑科学与工程学报, 2008, 25(2): 1-6
[31]王卫东,杜香刚,钟晟.城市轨道交通评价指标权重模糊决策方法[J].中国铁道科学, 2009, 30(1) :118-121
[32]张博.地铁盾构法施工风险管理与应用研究[D]. [博士学位论文].长沙:中南大学, 2009
[33]邵根大.杭州地铁工地坍塌事故的警示[J].现代城市轨道交通, 2009 (1): 1-4
[34]张佳,付修华.程度地铁工程施工安全监督管理初探[J].建筑安全, 2006, (9): 31-34
[35]张学进.重庆轨道交通适应性及施工安全性评价研究[D]. [硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆交通大学, 2008
[36]路志强.建筑施工安全评价体系及预警研究[D]. [硕士学位论文].河北:河北农业大学, 2005
[37]王云.城市交通隧道安全评价体系及方法研究[D]. [硕士学位论文]广州:西南交通大学, 2005
[38]施仲衡,周庆瑞,郑晓薇. GB50157地铁设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2003.8.1
[39]任今浩,刘国琦,王义信. GB 50299-1999地下铁道工程施工及验收规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1999.10.1
[40]张庆风,王甦,万姜林. GB 50446-2008盾构法隧道施工与验收规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2008.9.1
[41]钟茂华,徐一平,何理. AQ8004-2007城市轨道交通预评价细则[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2007.4.1
[42]蒋玉琨,王娟,李广俊. GB/T 50438-2007地铁运营安全评价标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2008.5.1
[43]钟茂华,许巧祥,刘光武. AQ8005-2007城市轨道交通验收评价细则[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2007.4.1
[44]张雁,黄宏伟.地铁及地下工程建设风险管理指南[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.11.5
[45]中国住房和城乡建设部.城市轨道交通工程安全质量管理暂行办法.建质[2010]5号. 2010.1.8
[46]中国住房和城乡建设部.城市轨道交通工程安全生产督查要点.建办质函[2007]458号. 2007.10.19