新旧交替列车运行图编制优化理论与方法研究
|
摘要
列车运行图是铁路运输企业实现列车安全、正点运行和经济有效地组织铁路运输工作的生产计划。随着全国铁路路网的逐渐完善、适应市场需求的运输产品深入开发,列车运行图更新的频率越来越快,现图与新图过渡期间的运输计划方案即新旧交替列车运行图的编制将会越来越频繁。目前,国内对新旧交替列车运行图编制优化的理论研究较少,新旧交替列车运行图的编制主要采用基于经验判断进行定性分析的方法,同时也缺乏信息化手段支持,制约了我国铁路新旧交替列车运行图的编制水平。
本文分析了我国铁路新旧交替列车运行图业务,建立了新旧交替列车运行图编制优化模型及设计了有效的求解算法,探讨了新旧交替列车运行图编制系统建设方案,以期提高新旧交替列车运行图编制智能化水平。本文主要研究内容如下：
1.通过分析我国铁路新旧交替列车运行图编制业务,揭示现阶段其主要任务就是确定新图中所需客车车底的来源与现图中所运用客车车底的去向,分析了列车运行图变更的主要原因及内容,研究了新旧交替列车运行方案编制方法。
2.研究了不同客车车底运用模式下新旧列车运行图交替期客车车底运用优化模型及算法。在客车车底固定运用模式下,以交替期列车停运最少为目标,建立了交替期客车车底运用优化模型,设计了客车车底运用规则,并利用人工智能算法进行求解；在客车车底不固定运用模式下,依据现图客车车底是否下线停运、是否满足新图客车车底需求量等情况将交替期客车车底运用优化问题进行分类,分别建立了客车车底运用优化模型,结合模型特,设计了蚁群算法进行求解。
3.针对城际动车组一日内在固定区段往返运行多次、夜间在站段过夜或检修的情况,分析了新旧城际列车运行图交替期动车组运用影响因素、运用规则,并在此基础上将新旧列车运行图交替期动车组运用问题转化为现图动车交路段与新图动车交路段接续问题,以新旧动车组交路段接续代价最小为目标建立动车组交替运用优化模型,并利用匈牙利算法对模型进行求解。
4.新旧交替列车运行方案确定了交替期内列车每日的运行方案,按照新图运行的列车与按照现图运行的列车间存在冲突且每日的列车运行方案均不同,鉴于此,提出交替期“每日一图”的理念,研究了新旧交替列车运行图编制方法。分析了新旧交替列车运行图与列车运行图、列车运行图调整的区别和联系,建立了新旧交替列车运行图优化模型,并设计了以冲突疏解策略为核心的启发式求解思路。
5.分析了新旧交替列车运行图编制系统需求,提出了系统建设目标,构建了系统总体架构,并根据用户需求详细设计了各子系统功能。
Train operation diagram is production plan of the railway transportation enterprises, that can ensure train safety and the punctual operation and cost-effective organization of railway transportation. With the gradual perfection of the national railway network and in-depth development of the transportation products to meet market demand, the train diagram update frequency will be faster and faster, and, alternation between the current train diagram and the new one will appear more and more frequently. Currently, the domestic research on alternation between the new train diagram and the current one is less, and, in railway work site, staff can only plan manually based on experience, lack of means of information to support plan, constraint the level of organization in alternation between the new train diagram and the current one of China's railway transportation.
Alternating business between the new train diagram and the current one of China's railway transportation is analyzed, planning optimization model is established, an effective algorithm is designed, planning system building program of alternation between the new train diagram and the current one is discussed to improve the intelligence level of the plan work. Main research contents are as follows:
1. Alternating business between the new train operation diagram and the current one of China's railway transportation is analyzed, the nature of business at the present stage is revealed, that is to determine the source of new carriages running the new train plan and the destination of old carriages running the current train plan. Cause of the new train diagram and train diagram changes are analyzed, combined with experience in railway work, planning methods and the law of alternating plan between the current train diagram and the new one are summarized, the impact of the alternating plan on transportation organization is studied preliminarily.
2. Based on the analysis of calculation methods of the number of passenger train stock turnover and the impact factors for passenger train stock operation, the models of passenger carriage scheduling in alternating periods and algorithm are researched respectively according to different passenger carriage application mode. Based on the application mode of passenger carriage operation in the fixed section, the constraint satisfaction optimal problem model of passenger carriage scheduling in alternating periods is established, in the model, the object is to reduce the withdrawal of train number, the constraints include carriage technical working duration and other operation rules. Based on the application mode of passenger carriage operation in the unfixed section, the passenger carriage scheduling in alternating periods problem is divided into three categories according to the size of the number of passenger carriage running the current train operation diagram and the number of passenger carriage running the new one, the models for passenger carriage scheduling are established respectively, combined with model characteristics, ant colony algorithm is designed.
3. Intercity EMU can round-trip run multiple times in the fixed section and be overnight or repair at station or depot. In the case, the impact factors and the operation rules of train-set scheduling in alternating periods between the current train diagram and the new one are analyzed, the EMU scheduling problem is transformed into the connection problem of the current EMU sub-routing and the new one, the connection cost is discussed under various conditions, the least connection cost as the target, EMU scheduling in alternating periods optimization model is established, more, Hungarian algorithm is used to solve the problem.
4. Trains are operating in accordance with different train diagram in alternating periods, conflict may exist between trains. In view of this, refined train operation diagram in alternating periods between the current train diagram and the new one compilation method is proposed. The difference and connection between the train operation plan in alternating periods between the old train diagram and the new one and the general train working diagram, and the train operation adjustment are discussed, refined train operation diagram in alternating periods optimization model is established, and heuristic algorithm based on earliest conflict optimal idea is designed.
5. Alternation planning system requirements is analyzed, and overall system architecture is constructed, furthermore, subsystems function is designed.
本文分析了我国铁路新旧交替列车运行图业务,建立了新旧交替列车运行图编制优化模型及设计了有效的求解算法,探讨了新旧交替列车运行图编制系统建设方案,以期提高新旧交替列车运行图编制智能化水平。本文主要研究内容如下：
1.通过分析我国铁路新旧交替列车运行图编制业务,揭示现阶段其主要任务就是确定新图中所需客车车底的来源与现图中所运用客车车底的去向,分析了列车运行图变更的主要原因及内容,研究了新旧交替列车运行方案编制方法。
2.研究了不同客车车底运用模式下新旧列车运行图交替期客车车底运用优化模型及算法。在客车车底固定运用模式下,以交替期列车停运最少为目标,建立了交替期客车车底运用优化模型,设计了客车车底运用规则,并利用人工智能算法进行求解；在客车车底不固定运用模式下,依据现图客车车底是否下线停运、是否满足新图客车车底需求量等情况将交替期客车车底运用优化问题进行分类,分别建立了客车车底运用优化模型,结合模型特,设计了蚁群算法进行求解。
3.针对城际动车组一日内在固定区段往返运行多次、夜间在站段过夜或检修的情况,分析了新旧城际列车运行图交替期动车组运用影响因素、运用规则,并在此基础上将新旧列车运行图交替期动车组运用问题转化为现图动车交路段与新图动车交路段接续问题,以新旧动车组交路段接续代价最小为目标建立动车组交替运用优化模型,并利用匈牙利算法对模型进行求解。
4.新旧交替列车运行方案确定了交替期内列车每日的运行方案,按照新图运行的列车与按照现图运行的列车间存在冲突且每日的列车运行方案均不同,鉴于此,提出交替期“每日一图”的理念,研究了新旧交替列车运行图编制方法。分析了新旧交替列车运行图与列车运行图、列车运行图调整的区别和联系,建立了新旧交替列车运行图优化模型,并设计了以冲突疏解策略为核心的启发式求解思路。
5.分析了新旧交替列车运行图编制系统需求,提出了系统建设目标,构建了系统总体架构,并根据用户需求详细设计了各子系统功能。
Train operation diagram is production plan of the railway transportation enterprises, that can ensure train safety and the punctual operation and cost-effective organization of railway transportation. With the gradual perfection of the national railway network and in-depth development of the transportation products to meet market demand, the train diagram update frequency will be faster and faster, and, alternation between the current train diagram and the new one will appear more and more frequently. Currently, the domestic research on alternation between the new train diagram and the current one is less, and, in railway work site, staff can only plan manually based on experience, lack of means of information to support plan, constraint the level of organization in alternation between the new train diagram and the current one of China's railway transportation.
Alternating business between the new train diagram and the current one of China's railway transportation is analyzed, planning optimization model is established, an effective algorithm is designed, planning system building program of alternation between the new train diagram and the current one is discussed to improve the intelligence level of the plan work. Main research contents are as follows:
1. Alternating business between the new train operation diagram and the current one of China's railway transportation is analyzed, the nature of business at the present stage is revealed, that is to determine the source of new carriages running the new train plan and the destination of old carriages running the current train plan. Cause of the new train diagram and train diagram changes are analyzed, combined with experience in railway work, planning methods and the law of alternating plan between the current train diagram and the new one are summarized, the impact of the alternating plan on transportation organization is studied preliminarily.
2. Based on the analysis of calculation methods of the number of passenger train stock turnover and the impact factors for passenger train stock operation, the models of passenger carriage scheduling in alternating periods and algorithm are researched respectively according to different passenger carriage application mode. Based on the application mode of passenger carriage operation in the fixed section, the constraint satisfaction optimal problem model of passenger carriage scheduling in alternating periods is established, in the model, the object is to reduce the withdrawal of train number, the constraints include carriage technical working duration and other operation rules. Based on the application mode of passenger carriage operation in the unfixed section, the passenger carriage scheduling in alternating periods problem is divided into three categories according to the size of the number of passenger carriage running the current train operation diagram and the number of passenger carriage running the new one, the models for passenger carriage scheduling are established respectively, combined with model characteristics, ant colony algorithm is designed.
3. Intercity EMU can round-trip run multiple times in the fixed section and be overnight or repair at station or depot. In the case, the impact factors and the operation rules of train-set scheduling in alternating periods between the current train diagram and the new one are analyzed, the EMU scheduling problem is transformed into the connection problem of the current EMU sub-routing and the new one, the connection cost is discussed under various conditions, the least connection cost as the target, EMU scheduling in alternating periods optimization model is established, more, Hungarian algorithm is used to solve the problem.
4. Trains are operating in accordance with different train diagram in alternating periods, conflict may exist between trains. In view of this, refined train operation diagram in alternating periods between the current train diagram and the new one compilation method is proposed. The difference and connection between the train operation plan in alternating periods between the old train diagram and the new one and the general train working diagram, and the train operation adjustment are discussed, refined train operation diagram in alternating periods optimization model is established, and heuristic algorithm based on earliest conflict optimal idea is designed.
5. Alternation planning system requirements is analyzed, and overall system architecture is constructed, furthermore, subsystems function is designed.
引文
[1]我国中长期铁路网规划, http://baike.baidu.com/view/1463367.htm. 2012-09-03/2012-10-03.
[2]彭其渊.铁路行车组织[M].中国铁道出版社.北京,2007.
[3]Cordeau J.F., SoumisE., Desrosiers J. Simultaneous assignment of locomotives and cars to passenger trains. Operations Research,2001,49(4):531-548
[4]Cordeau J.F, Dcsaulniers G., Lingaya N., Soumis F., Desrosiers J. Sirnultaneous locomotive and car assignment at VIA Rail Canada. Transportation Research Part B,2001,35:767-787
[5]Lingaya N., Corduau J.F., Desaulniers G., Derosiers J,Soumis F..Operational car assignment at VIA Rail Canada [J].Transportation Research Part B,2002, 36:755-778
[6]Rouillon S, Desaulniers G, Soumis F.An extended branch-and-bound method for locomotive assignment[J]. Transportation Research Part B,2006,40: 404-423
[7]谢金贵,曾亮,徐昕恺.车底套用优化模型的研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2006,28(12)：75-77
[8]刘钢,孙晚华,韩学雷.旅客列车车底运用优化模型及算法[J].铁道运输与经济,2004,26(2)：62-64.
[9]杨月芳,曹忠行.旅游列车车底周转问题研究.北方交通大学学报.26(2).2002.4
[10]史周平,王荣飞,肖小科.基于模拟退火算法的旅客列车车底运用的优化[J].铁道运营技术,2009,15(1)：37-39.
[11]马国忠,张展杰,吴海涛.长交路下铁路机车乘务模式研究[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2007(5)：1-5,28
[12]王铁.提高机车运用效率的研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2005
[13]牟从凯.加速机车周转相关问题的研究[M].成都：西南交通大学,2010
[14]薄海青.货运机车超长交路的尝试[J].铁道标准设计,2005(3)：90-92
[15]段华斌,陈林.关于机车交路与乘务员乘务方式的探讨[J].内燃机车,2002(2)：21-22
[16]张福海.跨局长交路机车运用方式的探索与实践[J].中国铁路,2005(1)：27-29
[17]刘晓峰.机务生产力布局调整及相关问题的研究[D].大连：大连交通大学,2005
[18]吕红霞,杨明伦,毛节明,计算机编制不成对机车周转图的研究[J].西南交通大学学报(自然科学版),1995.33(4)379-38
[19]闫海峰,催燚.编制机车周转图的优化模型[J].中国铁道科学,2006,27(4)；123-128
[20]冯伍,李宗平.编制铁路机车周转图的简便算法[J].铁道运输与经济,2005.(9)：85-87
[21]陈广秀.计算机编制机车周转图系统优化设计[D].西南交通大学.2006：35-77
[22]何奉道,何冬峋.不固定牵引方式双肩回交路机车最优配置的遗传算法[J],中国铁道科学,2002(1)：115-122
[23]王超.多端点非固定区段运用的机车周转问题研究[D].北京交通大学.2011
[24]杨希流.优化机车周转图的简便方法[J].铁道运输与经济,1990(5)：31-34
[25]王慈光.系统工程导论讲义.成都：西南交通大学,2002
[26]史峰,胡安洲.机车周转图的线性配置算法[J].铁道学报,1996,18(5)18-24
[27]Schrijver A.Minimum circulation of railway stock[M]. CWI Quarterly 1993, 6:205-221.
[28]Arianna A., Groot R., LeoKroon, SchrihverA. Efficient Circulation of Railway Rolling Stock[J]. Transportation Science,2006,40(3):378-391
[29]Maroti G. Operations research models for railway rolling stoek Planning[D].Technische Universiteit Eindhoven,2006.
[30]Sung-Pil Hong,Kyung Min Kim, Kyungsik Lee,Bum Hwan Park. A pragmatic algorithm for the train-set routing:The case of Korea high-speed railway[J].The International Journal of Management Science.2009(37): 637-645.
[31]赵鹏,富井规雄.基于概率局域搜索的动车组平日运用计划编制算法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2004,2：123-129
[32]聂磊,赵鹏,杨浩,胡安洲.高速铁路动车组运用的研究[J].铁道学报,2001,23(3)：1-7
[33]陈华群,唐协.基于匈牙利算法的高速动车组周转模型及算法的研究[J].西南民族大学学报自然科学版,2005,31(5)：779-782
[34]张杰,陈韬,施福根.客运专线动车组运用计划的计算机编制[J].西南交通大学学报.2006,41(5)：635-640
[35]耿敬春,肖国荣,倪少权,牛会想.客运专线动车组周期性运用计划编制的研究[J].铁道学报,2006,28(4)：17-21
[36]赵鹏,富井规雄.基于路段交换的多基地动车组运用计划的编制算法[J].铁道学报,2004,26(1)：7-11
[37]赵鹏,富井规雄.动车组运用计划及其编制算法[J].铁道学报,2005,25(3)：1-7
[38]苗建瑞,王莹,杨肇夏.基于最优接续网络的动车组交路计划优化模型与算法研究[J].铁道学报,2010,32(2)：1-7.
[39]王莹.动车组运用计划和乘务计划的优化方法研究[D].北京交通大学.2009.
[40]谢美全,毛保华,何天健,陈振起,柏赞.多交路动车组周转模型研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2010,10(3)：50-57.
[41]佟璐,聂磊,赵鹏.蚁群算法在动车组运用问题中的应用[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2009,9(6)：161-167.
[42]郭富娥.中国铁道部和原苏联交通部科技合作项目“应用电子计算机编制列车运行图”课题工作综述[J].铁道运输与经济.1992(11)：39-40.
[43]刘梅林,郭富娥.苏联铁路利用电子计算机编制列车运行图综述[J].世界铁路.1991(4)：6-10.
[44]周小棋,郭富娥,王光华.计算机辅助编制旅客列车运行详图的研究[J].铁道报.1992.14(3)：65-71.
[45]郭富娥.日本近期开发的列车运行图编制系统[J].中国铁路.1995(8)：38-40.
[46]铁道科学研究院.计算机辅助编制全路直通客车方案研究报告[R].北京.1989.12.
[47]郭富娥.利用电子计算机编制列车运行图[J].铁道运输与经济.1992.(1)：27-29.
[48]Serafini, P, Ukovich. A mathematical model for Periodic Event Scheduling Problems[J]. SIAM Journal of Discrete Mathematics.1989.2(4):550-581.
[49]Schrijver, A.S.A. Timetable construction for Railned. Technical report[J]. Center for Mathematics and Computer Science.1994.
[50]郭富娥.利用电子计算机编制列车运行图[J].铁道运输与经济.1992.(1)：27-29.
[51]Serafini, P, Ukovich. A mathematical model for Periodic Event Scheduling Problems[J]. SIAM Journal of Discrete Mathematics.1989.2(4):550-581.
[52]Schrijver, A.S.A. Timetable construction for Railned. Technical report[J]. Center for Mathematics and Computer Science.1994.
[53]郭富娥.计算机编制双线列车运行图的研究[J].铁道运输与经济.1998.020(005)26-27
[54]郭富娥.高速铁路高、中速旅客列车混行的运行方案探讨[J].中国铁路.1998(9)15-19
[55]郭富娥,柳进.高速线与既有线列车运行图衔接问题的研究[J].中国铁路.2007.(7)25-27
[56]倪少权,吕红霞,李浩.计算机编制列车运行图系统的研究[J].铁道运输与经济.2001,23(7)：32-35.
[57]倪少权,吕红霞,张杰,陈韬.基于群体协同的铁路列车运行图编制系统并发控制方法研究[J].中国科技论文在线.2009,4(10)：738-741.
[58]孙焰,李致中.单线区段货物列车运行图的一种优化方法[J].铁道学报.1991.13(001)60-71.
[59]孙焰,李致中.单线区间列车最优运行次序的排序模型及解法[J].铁道学报.1993.15(1)62-71.
[60]彭其渊,杨明伦.计算机编制复线实用货物列车运行图的整数规划模型及求解方法[J].中国铁道科学.1994.15(14)60-66
[61]彭其渊,杨明伦.单线区段货物列车运行图的优化模型及算法[J].西南交通大学学报.1995.30(2)177-181.
[62]彭其渊,杨明伦.单线区段实用货物列车运行图的优化模型及算法[J].西南交通大学学报.1995.017(3)15-20.
[63]倪少权,杨明伦.列车运行图编制专家系统之研究[J].西南交通大学学报.1995.30(5)550-556.
[64]倪少权,杨明伦.计算机编制全路直通旅客列车运行图的研究[J].铁道运输与经济.2002.24(6)41-43
[65]倪少权,吕红霞,杨明伦全路列车运行图编制系统设计的研究[J]西南交通大学学报.2003.38(3)332-335.
[66]李菊,张晓森.用计算机绘制列车运行图[J].北京交通大学学报.1994(4)537-541.
[67]张星臣,胡安洲.基于运行线上撒点储备能力分配模式下运行方案铺画模型[J].北京交通大学学报.1997.021(3).273-279.
[68]周磊山,胡思继.计算机编制网状线路列车运行图方法研究[J].铁道学报.1998.17(10)273-279.
[69]马建军,胡思继.网状线路列车运行图实验平台基础理论的研究[J]北方交 通大学学报2002.26(5)：9-12.
[70]汪波,杨浩,牛丰,王保华.周期运行图编制模型与算法研究[J].铁道学报.2007.29(5)：1-6.
[71]Abe, K., Aiaya, S.. Train traffic simulation using the longest Path method[J]. Transactions of Information Processing Society of Japan,1986,27(1):103-111.
[72]Petersen, E.R.(1975).Interference Delays on a Partially Double-Traeked Railway with Intermediate Signalling.In Petersen, E.R., Fullerton, H.V.(Eds), The Railcar Network Model.CIGGT Report No.75-11, Canadian Institute of Guided Ground Transport, Queens University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada, pp.33-59.
[73]Petersen, E.R., Taylor, A.J.(1982).A Structured Model for Rail Line Simulation and Optimization. Transportation Sciencel6(2), pp.192-206.
[74]Aklsada, D.(1979).Study on Shinkansen Train Control-to Maintain Steady Train Operation. Journal of the Quarterly Reports of RTRI,1979(2).
[75]Wakob, H.(1985).Ableitung eines generellen Wartemodells zur Ermittlung der PlanmaRigen Wartezeiten im Eisenbahnbetrieb unter besonderer Beru cksichtigung der Aspekte Leitungsfahigkeit und Anlagenbelastung. PhD thesis, Veroffentl, erkehrswissenschaftl, Institute RWTH Aachen.
[76]Greenberg, B.S., Leachman, R.C.,& Wolff, R.W.(1988). Predicting Dispatching Delays on a Low Speed, Single Track Railroad. Transportation Science,22(1), pp.31-38.
[77]Bintong, C., & Harker, P.T.(1990).Two Moments Estimation of the Delay on Single- Track Rail Lines with Scheduled Traffic. Transportation Scienee, 24(4), PP.261-275.
[78]Carey, M., & Kwieeinski, A.(1994).Swapping the Order of Scheduled Services to Minimize Expected Costs of Delays. Transportation Research,28(6), pp.409-428.
[79]Ozekiei, S., & Sengor, S.(1994).On a Rail Transportation Model with Scheduled Services. Transportation Science28(3), pp.246-255.
[80]Schaefer, H.(1995).Computer-aided Train Dispatching with Expert Systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Electric Railways in a United Europe, pp.28-32.
[81]Hallowell, S.F.,&Harker, P.T.(1996).Predicting On-Time Line-Haul Performance in Scheduled Railroad Operations. Transportation Science, 30(4), pp.364-378.
[82]Goverde, R.M.P.(1998).Synchronization Control of Scheduled Train Services to Minimize Passenger Waiting Times. In P.H.L. Bovy(Ed.), CD-ROM Proceedings of the 4th TRAIL Congress. Delft University Press.
[83]Fay, A.(2000).A Fuzzy Knowledge-Based System for Railway Traffic Control. Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence,13, pp.719-729.
[84]Oliveira, E., & Smith, B.M.(2000).A Job-Shop Scheduling Model for the single-Track Railway Scheduling Problem(Tech.Rep.No.21).England:School of Computing, University of Leeds.
[85]Huisman, T., Boueherie, R.J.(2001). Running Times on Railway Sections with Heterogeneous Train Traffic. Transportation Research, PartB,35, pp.271-292.
[86]Wendler, E.(2001).Quality Management in the Operation Planning Proeess by Means of Harmonized Modelling. In CD-ROM Proceedings of the World Congress on Railway Research.Koln, Germany.
[87]Mascis, A., Pacciarelli, D.,&Pranzo, M.(2002).Models and Algorithms for Traffic Management of Rail Networks(Teeh.Rep.No.74).Dipartimento di Informatica e Automazione, Universita Roma Tre.
[88]De Schutter, B., & Van Den Boom, T.J.J.(2002).Connection and Speed Control in Railway Systems-A Model Predictive Control Approach. In M.Silva, A.Giua, & J.M.Colom(Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International workshop on Discrete Event Systems, Zaragoza, Spain, pp.49-54.
[89]Middelkoop, A.D., & Hemelrijk, R.(2004).Exploring the Effeets of Dynamic Traffic Management.In CD-ROM Proceedings of the Dagstuhl Seminar on Algorithmic Methods for Railway Optimization. Schloss Dagstuhl Wadern Germany.
[90]Dorfman, M.J., & Medanic, J.(2004).Scheduling Trains on a Railway Network Using a Discrete Event Model of Railway Traffic. Transportation Research, PartB, PP.38,81-98.
[91]周磊山,秦作睿.列车运行计划与调整的通用算法及其计算机实现[J].铁道学报,1994,16(3)：56-65.
[92]郝国旗,杨浩.铁路运输能力损失传递性的研究[J1.北方交通大学学报,1995,19(51)：33-38.
[93]杨浩,郝国旗.铁路运输能力损失的延迟和恢复的定量研究[J].铁道学报,1994,16(4)：50-56.
[94]徐瑞华,胡安洲.双线白动闭塞区段列车运行延误影响分析[J].铁道学报,1995,17(2)：9-16
[95]张星臣,胡安洲,杨浩.一种基于有控随机与随机有控约束的列车运行仿真模型[J].铁道学报,1995,17(3)：21-27
[96]周伟,秦世引,万百五.高速铁路列车运行调整的状态空间模型及算法[J].西北纺织学院学报,1997,11(3)：210-215.
[97]周伟,秦世引,万百五.列车运行调整问题研究现状及发展趋势[J].系统工程,1997,15(2)：17-22.
[98]周伟.基于DEDS模型预测的高速列车群运行调整新方法研究[D].西安交通大学,1997.
[99]胡思继,杨肇夏,李海鹰.关于铁路区间允许利用率计算方法的研究[J].中国铁路,1997,(7)：19-22.
[100]张星臣,杨浩,胡思继,胡安洲.京沪高速铁路高中速列车共线混行模式下中速列车晚点影响的仿真分析[J].铁道学报,1998,20(5)：1-8.
[101]周学松,朱钮,胡思继.基于列车运行状态推导图的列车运行调整算法[J].铁道学报,1999,21(6)：1-5.
[102]Amit, I., & Goldfarb, D.(1971). The Timetable Problem for Railways. Developments in Operations Research, vol. Gordon and Breach, pp.379-387, New York.
[103]B.Szpigel. Optimal train scheduling on a single track railway[J]. Operations Research'72.North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1973:343-352.
[104]Sauder, R.L., Westerman, W.M., Computer Aided Train Dispatching: Decision SupportThrough Optimization[J].Interfaces,1983,13:24-37.
[105]Araya, S., Abe, K., Fukumori,.K.(1983).An Optimal Rescheduling for Online Train Traffic Control in Disturbed Situation[C).22th IEEEC Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, New York, PP.485-494.
[106]Kraft, E.(1987).A Branch and Bound Procedure for Optimal Train Dispatching. Journal of the Transportation Research Forum,28(3), pp.263-276.
[107]Jovanovic, D.,&Harker, P.T.(1990).A Decision Support System for Train Dispatching:An Optimization-Based Methodology. Journal of the Transportation Research Forum,31, pp.25-37.
[108]Jovanovic, D.,&Harker, P.T.(1991). Tactical Scheduling of Train Operations: The SCAN I System. Transportation Science,25(1), pp.46-64.
[109]Cai, X., & Goh, C.J.(1994). A Fast Heuristic for the Train Scheduling Problem. Computers and Operations Research,21, PP.499-510.
[110]Carey, M., & Lockwood, D.(1995).A Model, Algorithms and Strategy for Train Pathing. Journal of the Operational Research Society,46(8), pp.988-1005.
[111]Kraay, D.R., & Harker, P. T.(1995).Real-time Scheduling of Freight Railroads. Transportation Research, Part B,29(3), pp.213-229.
[112]Higgins, A., Kozan, E., & Ferreira, L.(1996). Optimal Scheduling of Trains on a Single Line Track. Transportation Research, PartB,30(2), pp.147-161.
[113]Ho, T.K., Norton, J.P., & Goodman, C.J.(1997).Optimal Traffic Control at Railway Junctions. IEE Proceedings,144, pp.140-148.
[114]Bussieck, M.(1998).Optimal Lines in Public Rail Transport. PhD thesis, Technische Universitat Braunschweig.
[115]Brannlund, U., Lindberg, P.O., Nou, A.,&Nilsson, J.E.(1998).Railway Timetabling Using Lagrangian Relaxation. Transportation Science,32(4), pp.358-369.
[116]Sahin, I.(1999).Railway Traffic Control and Train Scheduling Based on Inter-train Conflict Management. Transportation Research, Part B33(7), pp.511-534.
[117]Adenso-Diaz, B., Oliva Gonzalez, M., & Gonzalez-torre, P.(1999).On-Line Timetable Rescheduling in Regional Train Services. Transportation Research, PartB,33, PP.378-398.
[118]Caprara, A., Fischetti, M., & Toth, P.(2002).Modeling and Solving the Train Timetabling Problem. Operations Research,50(5), pp.851-861.
[119]Dessouky, M.M., Lu, Q., Zhao, J.,&Leaehman, R.C.(2006).An Exact Solution Procedure to Determine the Optimal Dispatching Times for Complex Rail Networks. HE Transaction,38(2), pp.141-152.
[120]Rodriguez, J.(2007).A Constraint Programming Model for Real-time Train Scheduling at Junctions. Transportation Research, Part B,41(2), pp.231-245.
[121]孙焰,李致中.单线区间列车最优运行次序的排序模型及解法[J].铁道学报,1993,15(1)：62-71.
[122]赵强.单线铁路列车运行调整优化模型与算法研究[J].系统工程,1999,17(6)：12-18.
[123]赵强,严余松.单线铁路列车运行调整计算机辅助决策系统研究[J].铁道学报,2000,22(4)：1-7.
[124]曹家明.单线铁路列车运行调整优化模型及算法[J].铁道学报.1994.3
[125]曹家明.双线铁路行车调度调整的优化方法[J].西南交通大学学报1995.5：520-526
[126]查伟雄,陈治亚,李夏苗.复线列车运行调整理论与方法的研究[J].铁道学报,2000,22(1)：12-16.
[127]罗晴,金福才,胡思继.列车运行调整问题的分解协调计算模型[J].北京交通大学学报,2004,28(6)：87-89,94.
[128]金福才,胡思继.基于最小列车秩序嫡的列车运行调整算法研究[J].铁道学报,2004,26(4)：1-4.
[129]史峰,黎新华,秦进,邓连波.单线列车运行调整的最早冲突优化方法[J].中国铁道科学,2005,26(1)：106-113.
[130]ArayaS, AbeK, FukumoriK1983, an optimal rescheduling for online train traffic Control in disturbed situation[C].Proe.22nd IEEE Conf. Decision and Control.IEEE, NewYork, pp.489-494
[131]ArayaS, Fukumori K 1984 ESTRAC-2:an expert system for train traffic control in disturbed situations. Proe.6th European Conf. Artificial Intelligence. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp.23-32
[132]Koaya K, Fukuda T 1989 ESTRAC-3::an expert system for train traffic control in disturbed situations[C].CCCT'89.Pergamon, Oxford, pp.147-153
[133]Lida Y.Timetable preparation by A.I.approach[C]. Proceeding of European Simulation Multiconference. Nice, France.163-168
[134]程宇.列车运行调整专家系统的探讨、北方交通大学学报.1989.4
[135]程宇,秦作睿.列车运行调整专家系统的研究[J].铁道学报.vol.14(2)
[136]蔡柏根,王菊贞.基于模拟的列车调度专家系统的研究[J].铁道学报.1992.14(3)：31-41
[137]H.Schafer, S.Pferdmenges. an expert system for real-time train dispatching[C]. In:Proceedings of the COMPRAIL,94 in Madrid computational mechanics publication. Southampton, England.PP:27-34
[138]沈亚威.新旧列车运行图交替相关问题研究[D].西南交通大学,2012.
[139]潘峰.提高客车运用效率的研究[D].西南交通大学.2008.
[140]于得水.客运专线乘务计划编制系统的设计与实现[D].西南交通大学.2007.
[141]王栋.铁路客运站到发线运用自动编排设计[D].西南交通大学.2007.
[142]叶怀珍,杜文.旅客运输组织[M].西南交通大学出版社.四川成都,2005.
[143]刘兰玉.采用“一车底多车次”的组织方法提高直通客车车底使用效率的研究[J].铁道科技动态.1978.
[144]刘涛.约束满足问题：算法与复杂度[D].北京：中科院计算所,1994.
[145]Srinivasan Raghunathan.A Planning Aid:An Intelligent Modeling System for Planning Problems Based on Constraint Satisfaction. IEEE Transaction on Knowledge and Data Engineering,1992,4(4):317-334.
[146]王守慧,张全寿.日计划机车周转图智能编制方法的研究[J].北方交通大学学报,1998,22(3)：57-61
[147]殷人昆,吴阳,张晶炜.蚁群算法解决指派问题的研究和应用[J].计算机工程与科学,2008,30(4)：43-45,转112.
[148]谢美全.基于列车运行图优化的动车组周转接续问题的研究[D].北京交通大学.2010.
[149]贺协腾.基于开行方案的动车组运用仿真研究[D].北京交通大学.2010.
[150]赵鹏,富井规雄.动车组运用计划及其编制算法[J].铁道学报.2003,25(3)：1-7.
[151]甘应爱,田丰,李维铮等.运筹学(第三版)[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[152]符卓,肖雁.求指派问题多重最优解的分枝定界法[J].长沙铁道学院学报.2000,18(1)：69-72.
[153]石雨.客运专线列车运行调整的策略、模型与算法[D]北京交通大学.2010.
[154]王慧妮.客运专线列车运行调整模型及算法研究[D].西南交通大学.2006.
[155]文超.高速铁路列车运行冲突管理研究[D].西南交通大学.2012
[156]黎新华.单线区段列车运行图铺划与运行调整优化方法研究[D].中南大学.2005.
[157]聂磊.高速铁路列车运行调整优化理论与方法[D].北京交通大学.2000.
[158]张杰.列车运行图数据管理系统的研究与设计[D].西南交通大学.2003.
[159]周文梁.客运专线网络列车开行方案与运行图综合优化模型及算法[D].中南大学.2010.
[160]吕苗苗,倪少权,陈钉均,张骥.新旧交替列车运行图客车车底周转图智能编制方法研究[J].铁道学报.2012.34(10).
[2]彭其渊.铁路行车组织[M].中国铁道出版社.北京,2007.
[3]Cordeau J.F., SoumisE., Desrosiers J. Simultaneous assignment of locomotives and cars to passenger trains. Operations Research,2001,49(4):531-548
[4]Cordeau J.F, Dcsaulniers G., Lingaya N., Soumis F., Desrosiers J. Sirnultaneous locomotive and car assignment at VIA Rail Canada. Transportation Research Part B,2001,35:767-787
[5]Lingaya N., Corduau J.F., Desaulniers G., Derosiers J,Soumis F..Operational car assignment at VIA Rail Canada [J].Transportation Research Part B,2002, 36:755-778
[6]Rouillon S, Desaulniers G, Soumis F.An extended branch-and-bound method for locomotive assignment[J]. Transportation Research Part B,2006,40: 404-423
[7]谢金贵,曾亮,徐昕恺.车底套用优化模型的研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2006,28(12)：75-77
[8]刘钢,孙晚华,韩学雷.旅客列车车底运用优化模型及算法[J].铁道运输与经济,2004,26(2)：62-64.
[9]杨月芳,曹忠行.旅游列车车底周转问题研究.北方交通大学学报.26(2).2002.4
[10]史周平,王荣飞,肖小科.基于模拟退火算法的旅客列车车底运用的优化[J].铁道运营技术,2009,15(1)：37-39.
[11]马国忠,张展杰,吴海涛.长交路下铁路机车乘务模式研究[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2007(5)：1-5,28
[12]王铁.提高机车运用效率的研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2005
[13]牟从凯.加速机车周转相关问题的研究[M].成都：西南交通大学,2010
[14]薄海青.货运机车超长交路的尝试[J].铁道标准设计,2005(3)：90-92
[15]段华斌,陈林.关于机车交路与乘务员乘务方式的探讨[J].内燃机车,2002(2)：21-22
[16]张福海.跨局长交路机车运用方式的探索与实践[J].中国铁路,2005(1)：27-29
[17]刘晓峰.机务生产力布局调整及相关问题的研究[D].大连：大连交通大学,2005
[18]吕红霞,杨明伦,毛节明,计算机编制不成对机车周转图的研究[J].西南交通大学学报(自然科学版),1995.33(4)379-38
[19]闫海峰,催燚.编制机车周转图的优化模型[J].中国铁道科学,2006,27(4)；123-128
[20]冯伍,李宗平.编制铁路机车周转图的简便算法[J].铁道运输与经济,2005.(9)：85-87
[21]陈广秀.计算机编制机车周转图系统优化设计[D].西南交通大学.2006：35-77
[22]何奉道,何冬峋.不固定牵引方式双肩回交路机车最优配置的遗传算法[J],中国铁道科学,2002(1)：115-122
[23]王超.多端点非固定区段运用的机车周转问题研究[D].北京交通大学.2011
[24]杨希流.优化机车周转图的简便方法[J].铁道运输与经济,1990(5)：31-34
[25]王慈光.系统工程导论讲义.成都：西南交通大学,2002
[26]史峰,胡安洲.机车周转图的线性配置算法[J].铁道学报,1996,18(5)18-24
[27]Schrijver A.Minimum circulation of railway stock[M]. CWI Quarterly 1993, 6:205-221.
[28]Arianna A., Groot R., LeoKroon, SchrihverA. Efficient Circulation of Railway Rolling Stock[J]. Transportation Science,2006,40(3):378-391
[29]Maroti G. Operations research models for railway rolling stoek Planning[D].Technische Universiteit Eindhoven,2006.
[30]Sung-Pil Hong,Kyung Min Kim, Kyungsik Lee,Bum Hwan Park. A pragmatic algorithm for the train-set routing:The case of Korea high-speed railway[J].The International Journal of Management Science.2009(37): 637-645.
[31]赵鹏,富井规雄.基于概率局域搜索的动车组平日运用计划编制算法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2004,2：123-129
[32]聂磊,赵鹏,杨浩,胡安洲.高速铁路动车组运用的研究[J].铁道学报,2001,23(3)：1-7
[33]陈华群,唐协.基于匈牙利算法的高速动车组周转模型及算法的研究[J].西南民族大学学报自然科学版,2005,31(5)：779-782
[34]张杰,陈韬,施福根.客运专线动车组运用计划的计算机编制[J].西南交通大学学报.2006,41(5)：635-640
[35]耿敬春,肖国荣,倪少权,牛会想.客运专线动车组周期性运用计划编制的研究[J].铁道学报,2006,28(4)：17-21
[36]赵鹏,富井规雄.基于路段交换的多基地动车组运用计划的编制算法[J].铁道学报,2004,26(1)：7-11
[37]赵鹏,富井规雄.动车组运用计划及其编制算法[J].铁道学报,2005,25(3)：1-7
[38]苗建瑞,王莹,杨肇夏.基于最优接续网络的动车组交路计划优化模型与算法研究[J].铁道学报,2010,32(2)：1-7.
[39]王莹.动车组运用计划和乘务计划的优化方法研究[D].北京交通大学.2009.
[40]谢美全,毛保华,何天健,陈振起,柏赞.多交路动车组周转模型研究[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2010,10(3)：50-57.
[41]佟璐,聂磊,赵鹏.蚁群算法在动车组运用问题中的应用[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2009,9(6)：161-167.
[42]郭富娥.中国铁道部和原苏联交通部科技合作项目“应用电子计算机编制列车运行图”课题工作综述[J].铁道运输与经济.1992(11)：39-40.
[43]刘梅林,郭富娥.苏联铁路利用电子计算机编制列车运行图综述[J].世界铁路.1991(4)：6-10.
[44]周小棋,郭富娥,王光华.计算机辅助编制旅客列车运行详图的研究[J].铁道报.1992.14(3)：65-71.
[45]郭富娥.日本近期开发的列车运行图编制系统[J].中国铁路.1995(8)：38-40.
[46]铁道科学研究院.计算机辅助编制全路直通客车方案研究报告[R].北京.1989.12.
[47]郭富娥.利用电子计算机编制列车运行图[J].铁道运输与经济.1992.(1)：27-29.
[48]Serafini, P, Ukovich. A mathematical model for Periodic Event Scheduling Problems[J]. SIAM Journal of Discrete Mathematics.1989.2(4):550-581.
[49]Schrijver, A.S.A. Timetable construction for Railned. Technical report[J]. Center for Mathematics and Computer Science.1994.
[50]郭富娥.利用电子计算机编制列车运行图[J].铁道运输与经济.1992.(1)：27-29.
[51]Serafini, P, Ukovich. A mathematical model for Periodic Event Scheduling Problems[J]. SIAM Journal of Discrete Mathematics.1989.2(4):550-581.
[52]Schrijver, A.S.A. Timetable construction for Railned. Technical report[J]. Center for Mathematics and Computer Science.1994.
[53]郭富娥.计算机编制双线列车运行图的研究[J].铁道运输与经济.1998.020(005)26-27
[54]郭富娥.高速铁路高、中速旅客列车混行的运行方案探讨[J].中国铁路.1998(9)15-19
[55]郭富娥,柳进.高速线与既有线列车运行图衔接问题的研究[J].中国铁路.2007.(7)25-27
[56]倪少权,吕红霞,李浩.计算机编制列车运行图系统的研究[J].铁道运输与经济.2001,23(7)：32-35.
[57]倪少权,吕红霞,张杰,陈韬.基于群体协同的铁路列车运行图编制系统并发控制方法研究[J].中国科技论文在线.2009,4(10)：738-741.
[58]孙焰,李致中.单线区段货物列车运行图的一种优化方法[J].铁道学报.1991.13(001)60-71.
[59]孙焰,李致中.单线区间列车最优运行次序的排序模型及解法[J].铁道学报.1993.15(1)62-71.
[60]彭其渊,杨明伦.计算机编制复线实用货物列车运行图的整数规划模型及求解方法[J].中国铁道科学.1994.15(14)60-66
[61]彭其渊,杨明伦.单线区段货物列车运行图的优化模型及算法[J].西南交通大学学报.1995.30(2)177-181.
[62]彭其渊,杨明伦.单线区段实用货物列车运行图的优化模型及算法[J].西南交通大学学报.1995.017(3)15-20.
[63]倪少权,杨明伦.列车运行图编制专家系统之研究[J].西南交通大学学报.1995.30(5)550-556.
[64]倪少权,杨明伦.计算机编制全路直通旅客列车运行图的研究[J].铁道运输与经济.2002.24(6)41-43
[65]倪少权,吕红霞,杨明伦全路列车运行图编制系统设计的研究[J]西南交通大学学报.2003.38(3)332-335.
[66]李菊,张晓森.用计算机绘制列车运行图[J].北京交通大学学报.1994(4)537-541.
[67]张星臣,胡安洲.基于运行线上撒点储备能力分配模式下运行方案铺画模型[J].北京交通大学学报.1997.021(3).273-279.
[68]周磊山,胡思继.计算机编制网状线路列车运行图方法研究[J].铁道学报.1998.17(10)273-279.
[69]马建军,胡思继.网状线路列车运行图实验平台基础理论的研究[J]北方交 通大学学报2002.26(5)：9-12.
[70]汪波,杨浩,牛丰,王保华.周期运行图编制模型与算法研究[J].铁道学报.2007.29(5)：1-6.
[71]Abe, K., Aiaya, S.. Train traffic simulation using the longest Path method[J]. Transactions of Information Processing Society of Japan,1986,27(1):103-111.
[72]Petersen, E.R.(1975).Interference Delays on a Partially Double-Traeked Railway with Intermediate Signalling.In Petersen, E.R., Fullerton, H.V.(Eds), The Railcar Network Model.CIGGT Report No.75-11, Canadian Institute of Guided Ground Transport, Queens University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada, pp.33-59.
[73]Petersen, E.R., Taylor, A.J.(1982).A Structured Model for Rail Line Simulation and Optimization. Transportation Sciencel6(2), pp.192-206.
[74]Aklsada, D.(1979).Study on Shinkansen Train Control-to Maintain Steady Train Operation. Journal of the Quarterly Reports of RTRI,1979(2).
[75]Wakob, H.(1985).Ableitung eines generellen Wartemodells zur Ermittlung der PlanmaRigen Wartezeiten im Eisenbahnbetrieb unter besonderer Beru cksichtigung der Aspekte Leitungsfahigkeit und Anlagenbelastung. PhD thesis, Veroffentl, erkehrswissenschaftl, Institute RWTH Aachen.
[76]Greenberg, B.S., Leachman, R.C.,& Wolff, R.W.(1988). Predicting Dispatching Delays on a Low Speed, Single Track Railroad. Transportation Science,22(1), pp.31-38.
[77]Bintong, C., & Harker, P.T.(1990).Two Moments Estimation of the Delay on Single- Track Rail Lines with Scheduled Traffic. Transportation Scienee, 24(4), PP.261-275.
[78]Carey, M., & Kwieeinski, A.(1994).Swapping the Order of Scheduled Services to Minimize Expected Costs of Delays. Transportation Research,28(6), pp.409-428.
[79]Ozekiei, S., & Sengor, S.(1994).On a Rail Transportation Model with Scheduled Services. Transportation Science28(3), pp.246-255.
[80]Schaefer, H.(1995).Computer-aided Train Dispatching with Expert Systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Electric Railways in a United Europe, pp.28-32.
[81]Hallowell, S.F.,&Harker, P.T.(1996).Predicting On-Time Line-Haul Performance in Scheduled Railroad Operations. Transportation Science, 30(4), pp.364-378.
[82]Goverde, R.M.P.(1998).Synchronization Control of Scheduled Train Services to Minimize Passenger Waiting Times. In P.H.L. Bovy(Ed.), CD-ROM Proceedings of the 4th TRAIL Congress. Delft University Press.
[83]Fay, A.(2000).A Fuzzy Knowledge-Based System for Railway Traffic Control. Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence,13, pp.719-729.
[84]Oliveira, E., & Smith, B.M.(2000).A Job-Shop Scheduling Model for the single-Track Railway Scheduling Problem(Tech.Rep.No.21).England:School of Computing, University of Leeds.
[85]Huisman, T., Boueherie, R.J.(2001). Running Times on Railway Sections with Heterogeneous Train Traffic. Transportation Research, PartB,35, pp.271-292.
[86]Wendler, E.(2001).Quality Management in the Operation Planning Proeess by Means of Harmonized Modelling. In CD-ROM Proceedings of the World Congress on Railway Research.Koln, Germany.
[87]Mascis, A., Pacciarelli, D.,&Pranzo, M.(2002).Models and Algorithms for Traffic Management of Rail Networks(Teeh.Rep.No.74).Dipartimento di Informatica e Automazione, Universita Roma Tre.
[88]De Schutter, B., & Van Den Boom, T.J.J.(2002).Connection and Speed Control in Railway Systems-A Model Predictive Control Approach. In M.Silva, A.Giua, & J.M.Colom(Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th International workshop on Discrete Event Systems, Zaragoza, Spain, pp.49-54.
[89]Middelkoop, A.D., & Hemelrijk, R.(2004).Exploring the Effeets of Dynamic Traffic Management.In CD-ROM Proceedings of the Dagstuhl Seminar on Algorithmic Methods for Railway Optimization. Schloss Dagstuhl Wadern Germany.
[90]Dorfman, M.J., & Medanic, J.(2004).Scheduling Trains on a Railway Network Using a Discrete Event Model of Railway Traffic. Transportation Research, PartB, PP.38,81-98.
[91]周磊山,秦作睿.列车运行计划与调整的通用算法及其计算机实现[J].铁道学报,1994,16(3)：56-65.
[92]郝国旗,杨浩.铁路运输能力损失传递性的研究[J1.北方交通大学学报,1995,19(51)：33-38.
[93]杨浩,郝国旗.铁路运输能力损失的延迟和恢复的定量研究[J].铁道学报,1994,16(4)：50-56.
[94]徐瑞华,胡安洲.双线白动闭塞区段列车运行延误影响分析[J].铁道学报,1995,17(2)：9-16
[95]张星臣,胡安洲,杨浩.一种基于有控随机与随机有控约束的列车运行仿真模型[J].铁道学报,1995,17(3)：21-27
[96]周伟,秦世引,万百五.高速铁路列车运行调整的状态空间模型及算法[J].西北纺织学院学报,1997,11(3)：210-215.
[97]周伟,秦世引,万百五.列车运行调整问题研究现状及发展趋势[J].系统工程,1997,15(2)：17-22.
[98]周伟.基于DEDS模型预测的高速列车群运行调整新方法研究[D].西安交通大学,1997.
[99]胡思继,杨肇夏,李海鹰.关于铁路区间允许利用率计算方法的研究[J].中国铁路,1997,(7)：19-22.
[100]张星臣,杨浩,胡思继,胡安洲.京沪高速铁路高中速列车共线混行模式下中速列车晚点影响的仿真分析[J].铁道学报,1998,20(5)：1-8.
[101]周学松,朱钮,胡思继.基于列车运行状态推导图的列车运行调整算法[J].铁道学报,1999,21(6)：1-5.
[102]Amit, I., & Goldfarb, D.(1971). The Timetable Problem for Railways. Developments in Operations Research, vol. Gordon and Breach, pp.379-387, New York.
[103]B.Szpigel. Optimal train scheduling on a single track railway[J]. Operations Research'72.North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1973:343-352.
[104]Sauder, R.L., Westerman, W.M., Computer Aided Train Dispatching: Decision SupportThrough Optimization[J].Interfaces,1983,13:24-37.
[105]Araya, S., Abe, K., Fukumori,.K.(1983).An Optimal Rescheduling for Online Train Traffic Control in Disturbed Situation[C).22th IEEEC Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, New York, PP.485-494.
[106]Kraft, E.(1987).A Branch and Bound Procedure for Optimal Train Dispatching. Journal of the Transportation Research Forum,28(3), pp.263-276.
[107]Jovanovic, D.,&Harker, P.T.(1990).A Decision Support System for Train Dispatching:An Optimization-Based Methodology. Journal of the Transportation Research Forum,31, pp.25-37.
[108]Jovanovic, D.,&Harker, P.T.(1991). Tactical Scheduling of Train Operations: The SCAN I System. Transportation Science,25(1), pp.46-64.
[109]Cai, X., & Goh, C.J.(1994). A Fast Heuristic for the Train Scheduling Problem. Computers and Operations Research,21, PP.499-510.
[110]Carey, M., & Lockwood, D.(1995).A Model, Algorithms and Strategy for Train Pathing. Journal of the Operational Research Society,46(8), pp.988-1005.
[111]Kraay, D.R., & Harker, P. T.(1995).Real-time Scheduling of Freight Railroads. Transportation Research, Part B,29(3), pp.213-229.
[112]Higgins, A., Kozan, E., & Ferreira, L.(1996). Optimal Scheduling of Trains on a Single Line Track. Transportation Research, PartB,30(2), pp.147-161.
[113]Ho, T.K., Norton, J.P., & Goodman, C.J.(1997).Optimal Traffic Control at Railway Junctions. IEE Proceedings,144, pp.140-148.
[114]Bussieck, M.(1998).Optimal Lines in Public Rail Transport. PhD thesis, Technische Universitat Braunschweig.
[115]Brannlund, U., Lindberg, P.O., Nou, A.,&Nilsson, J.E.(1998).Railway Timetabling Using Lagrangian Relaxation. Transportation Science,32(4), pp.358-369.
[116]Sahin, I.(1999).Railway Traffic Control and Train Scheduling Based on Inter-train Conflict Management. Transportation Research, Part B33(7), pp.511-534.
[117]Adenso-Diaz, B., Oliva Gonzalez, M., & Gonzalez-torre, P.(1999).On-Line Timetable Rescheduling in Regional Train Services. Transportation Research, PartB,33, PP.378-398.
[118]Caprara, A., Fischetti, M., & Toth, P.(2002).Modeling and Solving the Train Timetabling Problem. Operations Research,50(5), pp.851-861.
[119]Dessouky, M.M., Lu, Q., Zhao, J.,&Leaehman, R.C.(2006).An Exact Solution Procedure to Determine the Optimal Dispatching Times for Complex Rail Networks. HE Transaction,38(2), pp.141-152.
[120]Rodriguez, J.(2007).A Constraint Programming Model for Real-time Train Scheduling at Junctions. Transportation Research, Part B,41(2), pp.231-245.
[121]孙焰,李致中.单线区间列车最优运行次序的排序模型及解法[J].铁道学报,1993,15(1)：62-71.
[122]赵强.单线铁路列车运行调整优化模型与算法研究[J].系统工程,1999,17(6)：12-18.
[123]赵强,严余松.单线铁路列车运行调整计算机辅助决策系统研究[J].铁道学报,2000,22(4)：1-7.
[124]曹家明.单线铁路列车运行调整优化模型及算法[J].铁道学报.1994.3
[125]曹家明.双线铁路行车调度调整的优化方法[J].西南交通大学学报1995.5：520-526
[126]查伟雄,陈治亚,李夏苗.复线列车运行调整理论与方法的研究[J].铁道学报,2000,22(1)：12-16.
[127]罗晴,金福才,胡思继.列车运行调整问题的分解协调计算模型[J].北京交通大学学报,2004,28(6)：87-89,94.
[128]金福才,胡思继.基于最小列车秩序嫡的列车运行调整算法研究[J].铁道学报,2004,26(4)：1-4.
[129]史峰,黎新华,秦进,邓连波.单线列车运行调整的最早冲突优化方法[J].中国铁道科学,2005,26(1)：106-113.
[130]ArayaS, AbeK, FukumoriK1983, an optimal rescheduling for online train traffic Control in disturbed situation[C].Proe.22nd IEEE Conf. Decision and Control.IEEE, NewYork, pp.489-494
[131]ArayaS, Fukumori K 1984 ESTRAC-2:an expert system for train traffic control in disturbed situations. Proe.6th European Conf. Artificial Intelligence. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp.23-32
[132]Koaya K, Fukuda T 1989 ESTRAC-3::an expert system for train traffic control in disturbed situations[C].CCCT'89.Pergamon, Oxford, pp.147-153
[133]Lida Y.Timetable preparation by A.I.approach[C]. Proceeding of European Simulation Multiconference. Nice, France.163-168
[134]程宇.列车运行调整专家系统的探讨、北方交通大学学报.1989.4
[135]程宇,秦作睿.列车运行调整专家系统的研究[J].铁道学报.vol.14(2)
[136]蔡柏根,王菊贞.基于模拟的列车调度专家系统的研究[J].铁道学报.1992.14(3)：31-41
[137]H.Schafer, S.Pferdmenges. an expert system for real-time train dispatching[C]. In:Proceedings of the COMPRAIL,94 in Madrid computational mechanics publication. Southampton, England.PP:27-34
[138]沈亚威.新旧列车运行图交替相关问题研究[D].西南交通大学,2012.
[139]潘峰.提高客车运用效率的研究[D].西南交通大学.2008.
[140]于得水.客运专线乘务计划编制系统的设计与实现[D].西南交通大学.2007.
[141]王栋.铁路客运站到发线运用自动编排设计[D].西南交通大学.2007.
[142]叶怀珍,杜文.旅客运输组织[M].西南交通大学出版社.四川成都,2005.
[143]刘兰玉.采用“一车底多车次”的组织方法提高直通客车车底使用效率的研究[J].铁道科技动态.1978.
[144]刘涛.约束满足问题：算法与复杂度[D].北京：中科院计算所,1994.
[145]Srinivasan Raghunathan.A Planning Aid:An Intelligent Modeling System for Planning Problems Based on Constraint Satisfaction. IEEE Transaction on Knowledge and Data Engineering,1992,4(4):317-334.
[146]王守慧,张全寿.日计划机车周转图智能编制方法的研究[J].北方交通大学学报,1998,22(3)：57-61
[147]殷人昆,吴阳,张晶炜.蚁群算法解决指派问题的研究和应用[J].计算机工程与科学,2008,30(4)：43-45,转112.
[148]谢美全.基于列车运行图优化的动车组周转接续问题的研究[D].北京交通大学.2010.
[149]贺协腾.基于开行方案的动车组运用仿真研究[D].北京交通大学.2010.
[150]赵鹏,富井规雄.动车组运用计划及其编制算法[J].铁道学报.2003,25(3)：1-7.
[151]甘应爱,田丰,李维铮等.运筹学(第三版)[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[152]符卓,肖雁.求指派问题多重最优解的分枝定界法[J].长沙铁道学院学报.2000,18(1)：69-72.
[153]石雨.客运专线列车运行调整的策略、模型与算法[D]北京交通大学.2010.
[154]王慧妮.客运专线列车运行调整模型及算法研究[D].西南交通大学.2006.
[155]文超.高速铁路列车运行冲突管理研究[D].西南交通大学.2012
[156]黎新华.单线区段列车运行图铺划与运行调整优化方法研究[D].中南大学.2005.
[157]聂磊.高速铁路列车运行调整优化理论与方法[D].北京交通大学.2000.
[158]张杰.列车运行图数据管理系统的研究与设计[D].西南交通大学.2003.
[159]周文梁.客运专线网络列车开行方案与运行图综合优化模型及算法[D].中南大学.2010.
[160]吕苗苗,倪少权,陈钉均,张骥.新旧交替列车运行图客车车底周转图智能编制方法研究[J].铁道学报.2012.34(10).