区域路网条件下高速公路交通设施适应性评价及优化
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摘要
安全设施对提高驾驶舒适性和减少事故损失等,具有重要作用和意义。但随着高速公路网络的逐渐形成,由于交通量的路网分配和车辆组成变化,致使相关设施的原有设计理念和参数出现一些不适应的问题,响应其功能的正常发挥。除此之外,对于现有的服务类和防护类设施,因其实际功能难以定量化比较,所以在优化和改进过程中也存在大量问题难以解决。在路网条件下,受路网功能的影响,上述问题尤为突出。本文以浙江省高速公路网为例,分析了交通量变化和事故特点,运用满意度理论和调查表法对防护类设施进行评价,并对于其设置和管理进行优化；对于防护类设施所存在的问题,利用计算机模拟试验手段进行评价,并对于其结构和设计进行优化研究。主要内容及成果如下：
1.系统分析了国内外对安全设施的研究现状,尤其是服务类设施和防护类设施等相关研究及存在的问题；以浙江省高速公路网为例,分析交通量和车辆组成变化规律,研究路网交通事故特点和规律,提出主要研究对象和问题。
2.基于用户满意度理论的服务类交通安全设施用户满意度评价模型SCSI,考虑了交通安全设施服务的特点和浙江高速公路使用者的心理特点,针对用户期望、感知质量、感知价值、用户满意度、行业形象和用户信任六个潜变量,设计了18个测量变量,建立了评价指标体系和方法,为服务类交通安全设施适应性的评价提供了量化的方法。
3.服务类设施评价结果表明,浙江省高速公路交通标志设置位置、交通标志信息系统性、交通标志信息连续性和其他服务设施有效性四个方面的服务与用户的感知质量具有很强的相关性,对这些服务的不满意导致感知质量的得分偏低,进而影响到用户对公路交通服务的总满意度,应着重加强这些服务的改进；从上述四个方面,对于服务类设施进行信息优化研究；对于多车道高速公路交通安全设施,提出了优化设计和管理方案。
4.基于无缝化要求的浙江省高速公路安全防护设施体系,将整条道路的安全防护设施作为一个整体进行考虑,以统一的安全防护标准设计、设置安全防护系统的各组成部分,使安全防护设施各组成部分保持防护性能的无缝连接；对于防护类安全设施,利用计算机模拟试验进行了评价研究。
5.计算机仿真评价结果表明,浙江省高速公路在用的组合式水泥混凝土护栏、2米立柱波形梁护栏和三角端防护设施安全防护性能不能满足要求；通过模拟计算手段,提出的优化设计方案可使防护性能达到要求；研究提出的SB级路侧波形梁护栏与SA级水泥混凝土护栏之间的过渡段结构,能够平稳导向碰撞车辆,车辆运行姿态正常,未出现翻车、绊阻等现象。
6.高速公路交通安全设施的管理及保障,应着重从合理的规划设计、区域管理一体化、加强设施维护三个方面开展工作。
Safety facility is more and more important and significant to promote driving adaptability and reduce accident loss. As the expressway network is gradually constructed, traffic volume network distribution and vehicles composition are changed. It causes that original design concepts and parameters of the associated facility do not fit in well with these changes, and the relevant functions are difficult to perform. In addition, current service facility and protection facility exist a great deal of problems in the process of optimization improvement, because the actual functional capability is difficult to quantify. Under the influence of the expressway network function, the above-mentioned problems are especially remarkable. Based on the Zhejiang expressway network, this paper analyses the characteristics of the traffic volume variations and accident, utilizes customer satisfaction theory and investigation chart method to appraise the protection facility and then optimizes the settings and management. As for the problems existing in protection facility, it has used the means of computer simulation experiments to evaluate, and optimized its structure and design. The main contents and results are as follows:
1. Systematic analysis of domestic and international research on the safety facility, especially the related researches on service facility and protection facility and existential problems. Based on the Zhejiang expressway network, it has analyzed the variation of the traffic volume variations and vehicle composition, studied the characteristics and variation of traffic accidents, and put forward the main study object and problems.
2. User satisfaction evaluation model (SCSI) of service facility based on the customer satisfaction theory has considered the service characteristics of traffic safety-facilities and users'psychological characteristics. With the6latent variables, such as user expectations, perceived quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, industry image and user trust, it has designed18measured variables established evaluation index system and method,and then provided quantitative methodology for adaptability evaluation of service traffic safety facility
3. The evaluation result of service facility shows that service and user's perceived quality of the4aspects which are position, information systematic, information continuity of traffic sign and effectiveness of other service facility, have a strong correlation. Dissatisfaction with these services leads the perceived quality to score low, and then affects the total satisfaction of expressway to the user, so we should focus on improvements to these services. From the above4aspects, it has researched on information optimization of the service facility and presented optimum design and management program for multilane expressways.
4. Based on the seamless requirements of Zhejiang expressway safety protection facility system, the entire road safety protection facility should be considered as a whole. It's designed as a unified security standard and set the components of safety protection system in order to maintain the seamless connectivity of protective properties. It has also carried on evaluative research of the protection facility through computer simulation tests.
5. Computer simulation evaluation result shows that, the current Zhejiang expressway safety protection performance does not meet security requirements, such as modular concrete barrier,2m column corrugated beam barrier and triangle side protection facility. By means of simulating calculation, the optimal design program proposed has made the protection performance meet requirement. Transition structure proposed in this paper between SB-class and SA-class road side corrugated beam barrier can oriented crash vehicles smoothly. The attitude of vehicle is normal, and it has not appeared overturned, stumbling block and so on
6. The management and support of Zhejiang expressway traffic safety facility should be carried out from the following3aspects:rational planning and design, district management integration, strengthening the facility maintenance.
1.系统分析了国内外对安全设施的研究现状,尤其是服务类设施和防护类设施等相关研究及存在的问题；以浙江省高速公路网为例,分析交通量和车辆组成变化规律,研究路网交通事故特点和规律,提出主要研究对象和问题。
2.基于用户满意度理论的服务类交通安全设施用户满意度评价模型SCSI,考虑了交通安全设施服务的特点和浙江高速公路使用者的心理特点,针对用户期望、感知质量、感知价值、用户满意度、行业形象和用户信任六个潜变量,设计了18个测量变量,建立了评价指标体系和方法,为服务类交通安全设施适应性的评价提供了量化的方法。
3.服务类设施评价结果表明,浙江省高速公路交通标志设置位置、交通标志信息系统性、交通标志信息连续性和其他服务设施有效性四个方面的服务与用户的感知质量具有很强的相关性,对这些服务的不满意导致感知质量的得分偏低,进而影响到用户对公路交通服务的总满意度,应着重加强这些服务的改进；从上述四个方面,对于服务类设施进行信息优化研究；对于多车道高速公路交通安全设施,提出了优化设计和管理方案。
4.基于无缝化要求的浙江省高速公路安全防护设施体系,将整条道路的安全防护设施作为一个整体进行考虑,以统一的安全防护标准设计、设置安全防护系统的各组成部分,使安全防护设施各组成部分保持防护性能的无缝连接；对于防护类安全设施,利用计算机模拟试验进行了评价研究。
5.计算机仿真评价结果表明,浙江省高速公路在用的组合式水泥混凝土护栏、2米立柱波形梁护栏和三角端防护设施安全防护性能不能满足要求；通过模拟计算手段,提出的优化设计方案可使防护性能达到要求；研究提出的SB级路侧波形梁护栏与SA级水泥混凝土护栏之间的过渡段结构,能够平稳导向碰撞车辆,车辆运行姿态正常,未出现翻车、绊阻等现象。
6.高速公路交通安全设施的管理及保障,应着重从合理的规划设计、区域管理一体化、加强设施维护三个方面开展工作。
Safety facility is more and more important and significant to promote driving adaptability and reduce accident loss. As the expressway network is gradually constructed, traffic volume network distribution and vehicles composition are changed. It causes that original design concepts and parameters of the associated facility do not fit in well with these changes, and the relevant functions are difficult to perform. In addition, current service facility and protection facility exist a great deal of problems in the process of optimization improvement, because the actual functional capability is difficult to quantify. Under the influence of the expressway network function, the above-mentioned problems are especially remarkable. Based on the Zhejiang expressway network, this paper analyses the characteristics of the traffic volume variations and accident, utilizes customer satisfaction theory and investigation chart method to appraise the protection facility and then optimizes the settings and management. As for the problems existing in protection facility, it has used the means of computer simulation experiments to evaluate, and optimized its structure and design. The main contents and results are as follows:
1. Systematic analysis of domestic and international research on the safety facility, especially the related researches on service facility and protection facility and existential problems. Based on the Zhejiang expressway network, it has analyzed the variation of the traffic volume variations and vehicle composition, studied the characteristics and variation of traffic accidents, and put forward the main study object and problems.
2. User satisfaction evaluation model (SCSI) of service facility based on the customer satisfaction theory has considered the service characteristics of traffic safety-facilities and users'psychological characteristics. With the6latent variables, such as user expectations, perceived quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, industry image and user trust, it has designed18measured variables established evaluation index system and method,and then provided quantitative methodology for adaptability evaluation of service traffic safety facility
3. The evaluation result of service facility shows that service and user's perceived quality of the4aspects which are position, information systematic, information continuity of traffic sign and effectiveness of other service facility, have a strong correlation. Dissatisfaction with these services leads the perceived quality to score low, and then affects the total satisfaction of expressway to the user, so we should focus on improvements to these services. From the above4aspects, it has researched on information optimization of the service facility and presented optimum design and management program for multilane expressways.
4. Based on the seamless requirements of Zhejiang expressway safety protection facility system, the entire road safety protection facility should be considered as a whole. It's designed as a unified security standard and set the components of safety protection system in order to maintain the seamless connectivity of protective properties. It has also carried on evaluative research of the protection facility through computer simulation tests.
5. Computer simulation evaluation result shows that, the current Zhejiang expressway safety protection performance does not meet security requirements, such as modular concrete barrier,2m column corrugated beam barrier and triangle side protection facility. By means of simulating calculation, the optimal design program proposed has made the protection performance meet requirement. Transition structure proposed in this paper between SB-class and SA-class road side corrugated beam barrier can oriented crash vehicles smoothly. The attitude of vehicle is normal, and it has not appeared overturned, stumbling block and so on
6. The management and support of Zhejiang expressway traffic safety facility should be carried out from the following3aspects:rational planning and design, district management integration, strengthening the facility maintenance.
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