基于条纹图处理的激光器非稳腔调腔方法研究
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摘要
高能激光器非稳谐振腔的准直度直接影响其输出光束质量以及输出功率的稳定性,因此在每次运行之前均需要对腔镜进行准直调校。激光器非稳谐振腔导引光近场光斑呈现干涉条纹分布,且其分布形状与腔镜失调量之间存在直接联系,目前广泛采用的人工调腔方法正是利用这一点进行调腔。但是工程应用中该方法不可避免的存在调腔精度受限、耗时长、可重复性差等缺点。针对此问题,本文提出了基于条纹骨架线处理的调腔方法和基于条纹图灰度投影的调腔方法并进行了实验研究。
本文在系统介绍现有的调腔方法的基础上,针对高能激光器中常用腔型之一的正支共焦非稳腔,分析了其结构特点和失调特性,讨论了导引光近场干涉条纹的形成机理以及干涉条纹分布与谐振腔失调量之间的关系,提出了基于条纹骨架线处理的调腔方法和基于条纹图灰度投影的调腔方法,并建立了评价腔镜准直度的客观判据,编写了腔镜准直度分析软件,搭建了基于条纹骨架线处理方法和基于条纹图灰度投影方法的调腔实验平台。结果表明,基于条纹图灰度投影的调腔方法在图像处理的速度和精度上都明显优于基于条纹骨架线处理的调腔方法,能做到实时处理图像,图像分析计算误差在0.1个像素之内。另外,实验也证明:基于条纹图灰度投影的调腔方法可以有效提高现有人工调腔方法的精度,使调腔精度优于15.7μrad。
The cavity mirrors alignment of the unstable resonator in a high-energy laser has direct influence over the quality of its output beams and the stability of its output power. Therefore, it is necessary to align the cavity mirrors before each operation. The near-field patterns of the guided light of the unstable resonator present themselves in the form of interference fringes. And their distribution shape has some direct relationship with the cavity mirrors' misalignment. Based on this, the artificial cavity mirrors alignment has been realized and applied widely. However, the existing approach has inevitable disadvantages of limited alignment precision, long time consumption, and poor repeatability in actual construction. To solve these problems, a resonator alignment method based on fringe skeleton processing and a resonator alignment method based on the fringe pattern grey projection were proposed,and also the experimental study were carried though.
In this thesis,based on a systematic introduction of existing cavity mirrors alignment methods, we focus on positive-branch con-focal unstable resonator, which is one of the most common resonators of high energy-laser as an example, analyzed its structural features and offset characteristics, and further discussion of the output near-field interference fringes of guide light's formation mechanism and the relationship between the distribution shape of interference fringes and the offset amount of cavity mirrors, proposed a resonator alignment method based on fringe skeleton processing and a resonator alignment method based on the fringe pattern grey projection, and also established corresponding objective criteria of cavity mirrors alignment degree, wrote the cavity mirrors alignment degree analysis software, built experiment platform of the two cavity mirrors alignment methods. Results show that the resonator alignment method based on the fringe pattern grey projection's image processing speed and processing accuracy are much better than the resonator alignment method based on fringe skeleton processing, The former method can do real-time image processing and analysis, it's calculation error is less than 0.1 pixel. In addition, the experiments also prove that: with the aid of fringe pattern projection method, the artificial cavity mirror alignment method can effectively improve it's alignment accuracy, To achieve an accuracy better than 15.7μrad.
本文在系统介绍现有的调腔方法的基础上,针对高能激光器中常用腔型之一的正支共焦非稳腔,分析了其结构特点和失调特性,讨论了导引光近场干涉条纹的形成机理以及干涉条纹分布与谐振腔失调量之间的关系,提出了基于条纹骨架线处理的调腔方法和基于条纹图灰度投影的调腔方法,并建立了评价腔镜准直度的客观判据,编写了腔镜准直度分析软件,搭建了基于条纹骨架线处理方法和基于条纹图灰度投影方法的调腔实验平台。结果表明,基于条纹图灰度投影的调腔方法在图像处理的速度和精度上都明显优于基于条纹骨架线处理的调腔方法,能做到实时处理图像,图像分析计算误差在0.1个像素之内。另外,实验也证明:基于条纹图灰度投影的调腔方法可以有效提高现有人工调腔方法的精度,使调腔精度优于15.7μrad。
The cavity mirrors alignment of the unstable resonator in a high-energy laser has direct influence over the quality of its output beams and the stability of its output power. Therefore, it is necessary to align the cavity mirrors before each operation. The near-field patterns of the guided light of the unstable resonator present themselves in the form of interference fringes. And their distribution shape has some direct relationship with the cavity mirrors' misalignment. Based on this, the artificial cavity mirrors alignment has been realized and applied widely. However, the existing approach has inevitable disadvantages of limited alignment precision, long time consumption, and poor repeatability in actual construction. To solve these problems, a resonator alignment method based on fringe skeleton processing and a resonator alignment method based on the fringe pattern grey projection were proposed,and also the experimental study were carried though.
In this thesis,based on a systematic introduction of existing cavity mirrors alignment methods, we focus on positive-branch con-focal unstable resonator, which is one of the most common resonators of high energy-laser as an example, analyzed its structural features and offset characteristics, and further discussion of the output near-field interference fringes of guide light's formation mechanism and the relationship between the distribution shape of interference fringes and the offset amount of cavity mirrors, proposed a resonator alignment method based on fringe skeleton processing and a resonator alignment method based on the fringe pattern grey projection, and also established corresponding objective criteria of cavity mirrors alignment degree, wrote the cavity mirrors alignment degree analysis software, built experiment platform of the two cavity mirrors alignment methods. Results show that the resonator alignment method based on the fringe pattern grey projection's image processing speed and processing accuracy are much better than the resonator alignment method based on fringe skeleton processing, The former method can do real-time image processing and analysis, it's calculation error is less than 0.1 pixel. In addition, the experiments also prove that: with the aid of fringe pattern projection method, the artificial cavity mirror alignment method can effectively improve it's alignment accuracy, To achieve an accuracy better than 15.7μrad.
引文
[1] A.E.Sigeman, Unstable optical resonators for laser application, Proc. IEEE 53,277-287.
[2]苏毅,万敏编著.高能激光系统.国防工业出版社, 2004.
[3] Hanlon J , Aiken S , Alignment technique for unstable resonators, Applied Optics,1974,13(11).
[4] John G. Ackenhusen, Duncan G. Steel, Optical alignment procedure for an unstable resonator high-power laser[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1977, 48(12), 235-245.
[5]王怀琛.非稳腔调腔干涉条纹的图像处理.国防科学技术大学本科毕业论文, 2008.
[6]于起峰,陆宏伟,刘肖琳编著.基于图像的精密测量与运动测量.科学出版社,2002.
[7] Charles E.Grenigner, Auto-Alignment of High Energy Laser, United States Patent ,patent Number US6606339B1, Aug 12,2003.
[8] Jun-ichi Ishigaki, etc, Designing and Testing of Off-axis Three-mirror Optical System for Multi-Spectral Sensor, SPIE,1997,3041:356.
[9] Konihiro Tanikawa, etc, six Band Multispectral Sensor Using Off-axis Three-mirror Reflective Optics, Optical Engineering, 2000,39(10):2781~2787.
[10] Michael R.Descour, etc, Misalignment Modes in High-performance Optical Systems, Optical Engineering, 2000,39(7):1737~1747.
[11]王丽霞.航空侦察中使用离轴三镜式反射光学员经的多光谱传感器.航天返回与遥感, 1999, 20(1):32~40.
[12] Xiang Zhang ,Bing Xu and wei Yang ,Tilt Correction for Intracavity Mirror of Laser with anUnstable Resonator , Proc ,SPIE ,2005.
[13]张文静,刘文广,刘泽金.一种非稳腔计算机辅助装调方法的数值模拟.光学学报, 2008, 28 (4).
[14] Mengwei Li, Chen Tang, Gao Wang, et al. A novel method to obtain electronic speckle pattern interferometry fringe pattern with high contrast [J]. Chinese Optics of Letters, 2009, 7(9): 788-791.
[15] Helmut Rott. Advances in interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) in earth system science [J]. Progress in Physical Geography, 2009, 33(6): 769-791.
[16]于起峰,伏思华编著.基于条纹方向和条纹等值线的ESPI与InSAR干涉图处理方法.科学出版社, 2007.
[17]邱伟成.非稳腔调腔干涉条纹的建模与仿真.国防科学技术大学本科毕业论文, 2010.
[18]周炳昆,高以智,陈家骅著.激光原理,国防工业出版社, 1984.
[19]吕白达著.激光光学—激光束的传输变换和光束质量控制.四川大学出版社, 1992.
[20]张翔,杨伟,胡诗杰等.扰动对非稳腔模式的影响和腔内倾斜像差校正.中国激光, 2006, 33(10): 1365~1370.
[21] Fox. A. G, Tingye Li. Resonant Modes in a Maser Interferometer Bell Syst.Tech.J.1961,40(2):453-488.
[22]周亚军,王翔,苏享等.快速灰度投影稳像算法研究.兵工自动化, 2009, 28(8): 88-90.
[23] M.H.Mahdieh, M.Shirmahi, M.Alai-Nejad, Beam quality in a unstable optical resonators and the effects of misalignment . Proc ,SPIE ,2005. p456-466.
[24]卢亚雄,吕百达编著.矩阵光学,大连理工大学出版社, 1989:180-188
[25] Yu Q F. Calculation of strain from a single moire image by filtering and normalizing an interferogram, Doctor Dissertation, Germany: Bremen University, 1996.
[26] Yu Q F. Spin filtering processes and automatic extraction of fringe center-lines from interferometric patterns. Appl Opt, 1988, 27(18) : 3782-3784.
[27] Yu Q F, Andresen K. Fringe orientation maps and 2D derivative-sign binary image methods for extraction of fringe skeletons, Appl Opt, 1994, 33(29) : 6873-6878.
[28]于起峰,孙祥一.用改进的导数符号二值图法自动提取条纹中心线.大连理工大学学报(增刊), 1997.
[29]周祥、孔晓东、曾贵华.一种新的基于Hough变换的椭圆轮廓检测方法.上海交通大学电子工程系,上海200030
[30]陈新燕,戚飞虎.一种新的基于随机Hough变换的椭圆检测方法.红外与毫米波学报, 2000, Vol.19,No.1 Jan.
[31] Yoo J H. Sethi I K. An ellipse detect ion method from the polar and pole definition of conics, Pattern Recognition, 1993, 26 (2) : 307-315.
[32]周旋风.干涉条纹中心线处理技术研究.国防科学技术大学本科毕业论文, 2010.
[33]李云峰,贾晨辉.基于灰度投影的快速纸币图像几何校正.计算机应用与软件), 2009, 26(6): 253-255.
[34] Rafel C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods.阮秋琦,阮宇智等译.数字图像处理(第二版).电子工业出版社, 2003.
[35] Castleman K R著.数字图像处理.北京:清华大学出版社, 1998.
[36]张翔,许冰,杨伟.腔镜倾斜扰动对正支共焦腔输出光束模式的影响[J].中国激光,2006, 33(3): 303-310.
[2]苏毅,万敏编著.高能激光系统.国防工业出版社, 2004.
[3] Hanlon J , Aiken S , Alignment technique for unstable resonators, Applied Optics,1974,13(11).
[4] John G. Ackenhusen, Duncan G. Steel, Optical alignment procedure for an unstable resonator high-power laser[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 1977, 48(12), 235-245.
[5]王怀琛.非稳腔调腔干涉条纹的图像处理.国防科学技术大学本科毕业论文, 2008.
[6]于起峰,陆宏伟,刘肖琳编著.基于图像的精密测量与运动测量.科学出版社,2002.
[7] Charles E.Grenigner, Auto-Alignment of High Energy Laser, United States Patent ,patent Number US6606339B1, Aug 12,2003.
[8] Jun-ichi Ishigaki, etc, Designing and Testing of Off-axis Three-mirror Optical System for Multi-Spectral Sensor, SPIE,1997,3041:356.
[9] Konihiro Tanikawa, etc, six Band Multispectral Sensor Using Off-axis Three-mirror Reflective Optics, Optical Engineering, 2000,39(10):2781~2787.
[10] Michael R.Descour, etc, Misalignment Modes in High-performance Optical Systems, Optical Engineering, 2000,39(7):1737~1747.
[11]王丽霞.航空侦察中使用离轴三镜式反射光学员经的多光谱传感器.航天返回与遥感, 1999, 20(1):32~40.
[12] Xiang Zhang ,Bing Xu and wei Yang ,Tilt Correction for Intracavity Mirror of Laser with anUnstable Resonator , Proc ,SPIE ,2005.
[13]张文静,刘文广,刘泽金.一种非稳腔计算机辅助装调方法的数值模拟.光学学报, 2008, 28 (4).
[14] Mengwei Li, Chen Tang, Gao Wang, et al. A novel method to obtain electronic speckle pattern interferometry fringe pattern with high contrast [J]. Chinese Optics of Letters, 2009, 7(9): 788-791.
[15] Helmut Rott. Advances in interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) in earth system science [J]. Progress in Physical Geography, 2009, 33(6): 769-791.
[16]于起峰,伏思华编著.基于条纹方向和条纹等值线的ESPI与InSAR干涉图处理方法.科学出版社, 2007.
[17]邱伟成.非稳腔调腔干涉条纹的建模与仿真.国防科学技术大学本科毕业论文, 2010.
[18]周炳昆,高以智,陈家骅著.激光原理,国防工业出版社, 1984.
[19]吕白达著.激光光学—激光束的传输变换和光束质量控制.四川大学出版社, 1992.
[20]张翔,杨伟,胡诗杰等.扰动对非稳腔模式的影响和腔内倾斜像差校正.中国激光, 2006, 33(10): 1365~1370.
[21] Fox. A. G, Tingye Li. Resonant Modes in a Maser Interferometer Bell Syst.Tech.J.1961,40(2):453-488.
[22]周亚军,王翔,苏享等.快速灰度投影稳像算法研究.兵工自动化, 2009, 28(8): 88-90.
[23] M.H.Mahdieh, M.Shirmahi, M.Alai-Nejad, Beam quality in a unstable optical resonators and the effects of misalignment . Proc ,SPIE ,2005. p456-466.
[24]卢亚雄,吕百达编著.矩阵光学,大连理工大学出版社, 1989:180-188
[25] Yu Q F. Calculation of strain from a single moire image by filtering and normalizing an interferogram, Doctor Dissertation, Germany: Bremen University, 1996.
[26] Yu Q F. Spin filtering processes and automatic extraction of fringe center-lines from interferometric patterns. Appl Opt, 1988, 27(18) : 3782-3784.
[27] Yu Q F, Andresen K. Fringe orientation maps and 2D derivative-sign binary image methods for extraction of fringe skeletons, Appl Opt, 1994, 33(29) : 6873-6878.
[28]于起峰,孙祥一.用改进的导数符号二值图法自动提取条纹中心线.大连理工大学学报(增刊), 1997.
[29]周祥、孔晓东、曾贵华.一种新的基于Hough变换的椭圆轮廓检测方法.上海交通大学电子工程系,上海200030
[30]陈新燕,戚飞虎.一种新的基于随机Hough变换的椭圆检测方法.红外与毫米波学报, 2000, Vol.19,No.1 Jan.
[31] Yoo J H. Sethi I K. An ellipse detect ion method from the polar and pole definition of conics, Pattern Recognition, 1993, 26 (2) : 307-315.
[32]周旋风.干涉条纹中心线处理技术研究.国防科学技术大学本科毕业论文, 2010.
[33]李云峰,贾晨辉.基于灰度投影的快速纸币图像几何校正.计算机应用与软件), 2009, 26(6): 253-255.
[34] Rafel C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods.阮秋琦,阮宇智等译.数字图像处理(第二版).电子工业出版社, 2003.
[35] Castleman K R著.数字图像处理.北京:清华大学出版社, 1998.
[36]张翔,许冰,杨伟.腔镜倾斜扰动对正支共焦腔输出光束模式的影响[J].中国激光,2006, 33(3): 303-310.