超长钻孔瓦斯抽采工艺研究
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摘要
近几年,我国煤矿瓦斯突出和爆炸事故频发,如何有效治理瓦斯成为我国政府和煤炭企业实现安全、合理、高效开采的重大技术难题。其中,瓦斯抽采是被世界公认的解决煤矿瓦斯突出和爆炸的有效途径,是实现煤与瓦斯突出煤层安全开采的关键。如今,随着千米钻机装备和随钻测量仪器在我国煤矿井下的逐步推广和应用,已经局部实现钻孔深度达600～1000m,甚至1000m以上的超长钻孔,为大幅度的提高瓦斯抽采量和抽采效率,显著提高瓦斯抽采效果奠定了基础。
煤矿井下超长钻孔瓦斯抽采的核心技术是水平定向钻进技术(Horizontal Directional drilling,简称HDD)。目前,该技术在我国煤矿的应用还不成熟,尚处于摸索和试验阶段。本论文以晋煤集团寺河煤矿为试验基地,针对目前该矿在超长钻孔瓦斯抽采施工中出现的各种问题,通过资料搜集、现场调查、理论分析、现场试验相结合的方法,对超长钻孔瓦斯抽采工艺中涉及到的水平定向施工技术、钻孔轨迹测量技术、施工设备及仪器、成孔工艺和钻进工艺参数进行分析和研究,并进一步分析和总结了防止在超长钻孔施工中发生塌孔、堵孔、卡钻等事故的相关技术和经验,同时结合晋煤集团寺河煤矿采用ZDY6000L(A)型千米钻机在东一盘区北翼集中大巷进行的超长钻孔瓦斯抽采施工情况,具体阐述了超长钻孔瓦斯抽采的现场施工工艺、钻孔参数处理以及钻孔轨迹图的绘制过程,并根据瓦斯抽采数据,对瓦斯抽采效果进行了客观评价。
In recent years, gas explosion and outburst have happened frequently, how to effectively control the gas has become the key technical problems for China's government and coal enterprises to realize safe and reasonable and efficient exploitation. Among them, gas drainage is an effective way to solve gas outburst and explosion ,which has been recognized by the world, and is crucial to realize safety mining. Nowadays, coal enterprises have realized 600 ~ 1000 meter or even above 1000 meter ultra-long drilling depth with kilometer drilling equipment and measuring instruments gradually popularized and applied in China's coal mines, which has laid a solid foundation to dramatically increase summation and efficiency of gas drainage, and to significantly improve the result of gas drainage .
Technique core of ultra-long drilling technique of gas drainage is Horizontal Directional drilling (HDD) in the coal mine. At present, application of the technology is still test stage, not mature. Test site is Si He coal mine of Jin Mei enterprise. Through data collection, field investigation, theory analysis and field test, the paper summarizes related theory and practice experience about Horizontal Directional drilling technology, drilling trace measurement technology, using equipment and apparatus, drilling parameters and drilling hole craft construction, and it comprehensively researches and analyses each link and factor of ultra-long drilling technique of gas drainage for various problems of its gas drainage. Meanwhile,the paper specifically elaborates field craft of ultra-long drilling technique of gas drainage, drilling parameters processing and drawing process of drilling trace, by the use of ZDY6000LD(A) kilometer drilling machine in north wing concentrated tunnel of east one panel of Si He coal mine of Jin Mei enterprise. According to the data, the paper objectively evaluates the result of gas drainage. It is also an effective solution to bad quality of drilling hole at Si He coal mine in the past.
煤矿井下超长钻孔瓦斯抽采的核心技术是水平定向钻进技术(Horizontal Directional drilling,简称HDD)。目前,该技术在我国煤矿的应用还不成熟,尚处于摸索和试验阶段。本论文以晋煤集团寺河煤矿为试验基地,针对目前该矿在超长钻孔瓦斯抽采施工中出现的各种问题,通过资料搜集、现场调查、理论分析、现场试验相结合的方法,对超长钻孔瓦斯抽采工艺中涉及到的水平定向施工技术、钻孔轨迹测量技术、施工设备及仪器、成孔工艺和钻进工艺参数进行分析和研究,并进一步分析和总结了防止在超长钻孔施工中发生塌孔、堵孔、卡钻等事故的相关技术和经验,同时结合晋煤集团寺河煤矿采用ZDY6000L(A)型千米钻机在东一盘区北翼集中大巷进行的超长钻孔瓦斯抽采施工情况,具体阐述了超长钻孔瓦斯抽采的现场施工工艺、钻孔参数处理以及钻孔轨迹图的绘制过程,并根据瓦斯抽采数据,对瓦斯抽采效果进行了客观评价。
In recent years, gas explosion and outburst have happened frequently, how to effectively control the gas has become the key technical problems for China's government and coal enterprises to realize safe and reasonable and efficient exploitation. Among them, gas drainage is an effective way to solve gas outburst and explosion ,which has been recognized by the world, and is crucial to realize safety mining. Nowadays, coal enterprises have realized 600 ~ 1000 meter or even above 1000 meter ultra-long drilling depth with kilometer drilling equipment and measuring instruments gradually popularized and applied in China's coal mines, which has laid a solid foundation to dramatically increase summation and efficiency of gas drainage, and to significantly improve the result of gas drainage .
Technique core of ultra-long drilling technique of gas drainage is Horizontal Directional drilling (HDD) in the coal mine. At present, application of the technology is still test stage, not mature. Test site is Si He coal mine of Jin Mei enterprise. Through data collection, field investigation, theory analysis and field test, the paper summarizes related theory and practice experience about Horizontal Directional drilling technology, drilling trace measurement technology, using equipment and apparatus, drilling parameters and drilling hole craft construction, and it comprehensively researches and analyses each link and factor of ultra-long drilling technique of gas drainage for various problems of its gas drainage. Meanwhile,the paper specifically elaborates field craft of ultra-long drilling technique of gas drainage, drilling parameters processing and drawing process of drilling trace, by the use of ZDY6000LD(A) kilometer drilling machine in north wing concentrated tunnel of east one panel of Si He coal mine of Jin Mei enterprise. According to the data, the paper objectively evaluates the result of gas drainage. It is also an effective solution to bad quality of drilling hole at Si He coal mine in the past.
引文
[1]姚宁平.中国煤矿井下近水平定向钻进技术的发展[J].煤田地质与勘探,2008,36(4) :78-9.
[2]潘仁杰.螺杆钻具控制井斜的理论分析与应用研究[D].西南石油学院硕士学位论文,2003.
[3]袁亮.松软低透煤层群瓦斯抽采理论与技术[M].煤炭工业出版社,2004:17-21
[4]郝世俊.孔底马达在我国煤矿井下水平钻进中的应用前景[J].煤田地质与勘探,2004,32(2):64一67.
[5]石智军等.煤矿井下千米瓦斯抽采钻孔施工装备及工艺技术研究[R].煤炭科学研究总院西安研究院科学技术报告,2008.
[6]刘文波.长钻孔在煤与瓦斯突出厚煤层群瓦斯预抽中的应用研究[D].煤炭总院沈阳研究院硕士学位论文,2009.
[7]陈庭根,管志川.钻井工程理论与技术[M].山东:石油大学出版社,2000:43-116.
[8]高坤.低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采定向钻进技术研究[D].辽宁工程技术大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[9]闫勇.非开挖导向钻进铺管技术的理论研究与计算机应用[D].中国地质大学硕士学位论文,2002
[10]赵国珍,龚伟安.钻井力学基础[M].山东:石油工业出版社,1998:45-82
[11]郝世俊.煤矿井下大直径定向钻孔的成孔工艺及瓦斯抽采效果研究[D].煤科总院西安研究院博士学位论文,2007.
[12]孙荣军.煤矿井下随钻测量技术及钻孔轨迹数据处理方法研究[D].煤科总院西安研究院硕士学位论文,2009.
[13]刘树坤.国内外随钻测量技术简介及发展前景展望[J].录井工程,2008,19(6):32-37.
[14]朱桂清,章兆淇.国外随钻测井技术的最新进展及发展趋势[J].测井技术,2008,32(5): 394-397.
[15]王二鹏,刘波,郭文杰.随钻测量技术在我国煤矿井下水平定向钻进中的应用与展望——2010(沈阳)国际安全科学与技术学术研讨会论文集[C].沈阳:东北大学出版社,2010: 203-205.
[16] Prensky Stephen. Recent Advances in Well Logging and Formation Evaluation [J]. World Oil,2008,229(3):89-94.
[17] Lofts Jeremy. The History, Contribution and Value Proposition of Logging WhileDrilling (LWD) [J]. Petrophysics,2007,48(12):434-435.
[18]韩广德.中国煤炭工业钻探工程学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000:46-58.
[19]刘子龙,克里斯·弗睿尔,张津平.VLD型定向钻机在大宁矿瓦斯抽采中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(5):34-40.
[20]贺广会.千米钻机在寺河煤矿的应用[J].煤矿安全,2010(3): 28-29.
[21]冯增朝.低渗透煤层互斯抽采理论与应用研究[D].太原理工大学博士学位论文,2005.
[22]苏利军.深部煤层瓦斯赋存规律及钻孔抽采有效半径研究[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2009,7(3):57-60.
[23]杜子键,刘子龙.煤矿井下顺煤层千米枝状长钻孔抽采瓦斯工艺[J].矿业安全与环保,2007.34(1):27-30.
[24]凌标灿,戴世鑫,曹承平,曹平小.三棱钻杆在中软煤层顺层瓦斯抽排钻孔的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2009,37(10):44-46.
[25]张跃兵,张完润.VLD深孔定向千米钻机施工顶板走向穿层钻孔抽采采空区瓦斯技术探析[J].矿业安全与环保,2009(36):121-122.
[26]张晶晶,李巨龙,谭俊,杨开龙.煤矿用PDC钻头钻进参数试验研究[J].能源技术与管理2009(4):94-96.
[27]廉有,牛雅莉,彭立世.软煤层瓦斯抽采打钻技术研究[J].北京工业职业技术学院学报, 2004,3(3):29-31.
[28]李晋生,张跃兵.VLD深孔定向千米钻机在大宁矿井的实施工艺及应用[J].矿业安全与环保,2009(8):102-104.
[29]董向宇.提高水平定向钻进用钻杆制造质量和应用水平的探讨[J].探矿工程,2007(4):30-33.
[30]张远丰.P D C钻头在中硬岩钻进中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2008,20(9):72-73.
[31]姜铁明,苗惠东.千米钻机在晋煤集团应用前景展望[J].煤矿开采,2003, 8(3):17-20.
[32]卫永清.千米钻机在突出煤层掘进预抽中的应用研究[J].山西煤炭,2009,28(3):19-20.
[2]潘仁杰.螺杆钻具控制井斜的理论分析与应用研究[D].西南石油学院硕士学位论文,2003.
[3]袁亮.松软低透煤层群瓦斯抽采理论与技术[M].煤炭工业出版社,2004:17-21
[4]郝世俊.孔底马达在我国煤矿井下水平钻进中的应用前景[J].煤田地质与勘探,2004,32(2):64一67.
[5]石智军等.煤矿井下千米瓦斯抽采钻孔施工装备及工艺技术研究[R].煤炭科学研究总院西安研究院科学技术报告,2008.
[6]刘文波.长钻孔在煤与瓦斯突出厚煤层群瓦斯预抽中的应用研究[D].煤炭总院沈阳研究院硕士学位论文,2009.
[7]陈庭根,管志川.钻井工程理论与技术[M].山东:石油大学出版社,2000:43-116.
[8]高坤.低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采定向钻进技术研究[D].辽宁工程技术大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[9]闫勇.非开挖导向钻进铺管技术的理论研究与计算机应用[D].中国地质大学硕士学位论文,2002
[10]赵国珍,龚伟安.钻井力学基础[M].山东:石油工业出版社,1998:45-82
[11]郝世俊.煤矿井下大直径定向钻孔的成孔工艺及瓦斯抽采效果研究[D].煤科总院西安研究院博士学位论文,2007.
[12]孙荣军.煤矿井下随钻测量技术及钻孔轨迹数据处理方法研究[D].煤科总院西安研究院硕士学位论文,2009.
[13]刘树坤.国内外随钻测量技术简介及发展前景展望[J].录井工程,2008,19(6):32-37.
[14]朱桂清,章兆淇.国外随钻测井技术的最新进展及发展趋势[J].测井技术,2008,32(5): 394-397.
[15]王二鹏,刘波,郭文杰.随钻测量技术在我国煤矿井下水平定向钻进中的应用与展望——2010(沈阳)国际安全科学与技术学术研讨会论文集[C].沈阳:东北大学出版社,2010: 203-205.
[16] Prensky Stephen. Recent Advances in Well Logging and Formation Evaluation [J]. World Oil,2008,229(3):89-94.
[17] Lofts Jeremy. The History, Contribution and Value Proposition of Logging WhileDrilling (LWD) [J]. Petrophysics,2007,48(12):434-435.
[18]韩广德.中国煤炭工业钻探工程学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000:46-58.
[19]刘子龙,克里斯·弗睿尔,张津平.VLD型定向钻机在大宁矿瓦斯抽采中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(5):34-40.
[20]贺广会.千米钻机在寺河煤矿的应用[J].煤矿安全,2010(3): 28-29.
[21]冯增朝.低渗透煤层互斯抽采理论与应用研究[D].太原理工大学博士学位论文,2005.
[22]苏利军.深部煤层瓦斯赋存规律及钻孔抽采有效半径研究[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2009,7(3):57-60.
[23]杜子键,刘子龙.煤矿井下顺煤层千米枝状长钻孔抽采瓦斯工艺[J].矿业安全与环保,2007.34(1):27-30.
[24]凌标灿,戴世鑫,曹承平,曹平小.三棱钻杆在中软煤层顺层瓦斯抽排钻孔的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2009,37(10):44-46.
[25]张跃兵,张完润.VLD深孔定向千米钻机施工顶板走向穿层钻孔抽采采空区瓦斯技术探析[J].矿业安全与环保,2009(36):121-122.
[26]张晶晶,李巨龙,谭俊,杨开龙.煤矿用PDC钻头钻进参数试验研究[J].能源技术与管理2009(4):94-96.
[27]廉有,牛雅莉,彭立世.软煤层瓦斯抽采打钻技术研究[J].北京工业职业技术学院学报, 2004,3(3):29-31.
[28]李晋生,张跃兵.VLD深孔定向千米钻机在大宁矿井的实施工艺及应用[J].矿业安全与环保,2009(8):102-104.
[29]董向宇.提高水平定向钻进用钻杆制造质量和应用水平的探讨[J].探矿工程,2007(4):30-33.
[30]张远丰.P D C钻头在中硬岩钻进中的应用[J].中国煤炭地质,2008,20(9):72-73.
[31]姜铁明,苗惠东.千米钻机在晋煤集团应用前景展望[J].煤矿开采,2003, 8(3):17-20.
[32]卫永清.千米钻机在突出煤层掘进预抽中的应用研究[J].山西煤炭,2009,28(3):19-20.