煤矿井下近水平定向孔螺杆钻具钻进受控机理研究
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摘要
为保证煤矿安全生产,达到高效瓦斯抽采效果,对煤矿地质异常条件位置准确探测和瓦斯抽采钻孔轨迹延伸范围准确度要求逐渐提高,采用螺杆钻具及其配套设备机具运用近水平定向钻进技术进行钻孔施工是解决上述问题的有效途径。
本论文通过归纳国内外煤矿井下螺杆钻具的研究应用现状,总结钻孔轨迹控制的影响因素及弯曲条件,对煤矿井下用于瓦斯抽采近水平定向钻进所用钻具进行选择和优化,得出螺杆钻具组合用于近水平定向钻进的优势所在;分析研究螺杆钻具的性能特点,优选出适合煤矿井下瓦斯抽采定向钻进国内外常用的两种73mm螺杆钻具,并通过室内性能测试试验进行总结验证,同时对螺杆钻具主孔和分支孔定向成孔工艺原理和方法进行研究。
用纵横弯曲法对弯外管螺杆钻具组合在二维和三维状况下受力变形进行分析,建立了相关力学模型,并利用Visual C++6.0开发平台编程和最小二乘法计算原理,对影响钻头侧向力的钻具结构、钻孔结构和钻进工艺这三类主要因素在二维状况下作定量参数敏感性分析,开发了相应的分析软件,为定向钻孔轨迹控制提供有益的理论探索。最后分别利用螺杆钻具组合及配套设备机具进行室内模拟试验和两次现场工业性定向钻进试验,成功施工了6个主孔和5个分支孔,总进尺4226m,最大钻孔深度1046m,并对定向效果进行分析,同时对参数敏感性分析结果进行验证。通过理论研究与现场实践相结合,取得了阶段性的成果。
论文对煤矿井下近水平定向钻进中螺杆钻具受控机理进行系列分析研究并成功应用于现场试验,相信对相关领域的研究应用将有一定参考价值。实践证明,合理应用螺杆钻具及其配套机具进行近水平定向钻孔施工,将平衡煤矿掘、抽、采比例的紧张状况,为提高煤矿瓦斯抽采能力提供可靠保证。
For assuring safety production and high efficiency in gas drainage, coal minecondition was specially explored, the accuracy on the extent range of gas drainage drilltrack was gradually raised. It is an available approach to solve the above problems innearly horizontal directional drilling(HDD) technology with positive displacement motor(PDM) and relevant equipments.
The advantage of PDM assembly in directional drilling was educed in this paper, with it's appliance actuality induced, the infection factor and bend condition of drill track summarized, PDM assembly in horizontal directional drilling chosen and optimized. The capability characteristics of PDM were studied, the two common outside diameters of 73mm PDM in home and abroad that suit for HDD of gas drainage were selected in optimization, and indoor experiment on them was summed and validated, main borehole and lateral borehole directional bore-forming technics method of PDM were studied.
Mechanical model was formed by analyzing static force and distortion under two dimensional and three dimensional with continuous beam theory for PDM assembly with bent housing. Quantitative parametric sensitivity analysis under two dimensional was made on factors influencing drilling tool structure, bore-hole structure and drilling technology with Visual C++ 6.0 software and least squares theory, and relevant software was designed. Both of them offered useful theoretic exploratory for drill track. Indoor simulation test and two field directional drilling tests using PDM were done finally, fulfilling six main boreholes and five lateral boreholes, total length of 4226m and main borehole with the biggest length of 1046m. Combined with theory research and field practice, staggered fruit has been gained by analysis on the effect of directional test.
In this paper, controlled theory of PDM drilling in coal mine for nearly HDD borehole was comprehensive analysed and successful applicated. It was proved that correct application of PDM and relevant equipments in nearly HDD would relieve the strain situation of unbalance proportion of the discharging, picking, mining, so it is important to improve the ability of gas drainage.
本论文通过归纳国内外煤矿井下螺杆钻具的研究应用现状,总结钻孔轨迹控制的影响因素及弯曲条件,对煤矿井下用于瓦斯抽采近水平定向钻进所用钻具进行选择和优化,得出螺杆钻具组合用于近水平定向钻进的优势所在;分析研究螺杆钻具的性能特点,优选出适合煤矿井下瓦斯抽采定向钻进国内外常用的两种73mm螺杆钻具,并通过室内性能测试试验进行总结验证,同时对螺杆钻具主孔和分支孔定向成孔工艺原理和方法进行研究。
用纵横弯曲法对弯外管螺杆钻具组合在二维和三维状况下受力变形进行分析,建立了相关力学模型,并利用Visual C++6.0开发平台编程和最小二乘法计算原理,对影响钻头侧向力的钻具结构、钻孔结构和钻进工艺这三类主要因素在二维状况下作定量参数敏感性分析,开发了相应的分析软件,为定向钻孔轨迹控制提供有益的理论探索。最后分别利用螺杆钻具组合及配套设备机具进行室内模拟试验和两次现场工业性定向钻进试验,成功施工了6个主孔和5个分支孔,总进尺4226m,最大钻孔深度1046m,并对定向效果进行分析,同时对参数敏感性分析结果进行验证。通过理论研究与现场实践相结合,取得了阶段性的成果。
论文对煤矿井下近水平定向钻进中螺杆钻具受控机理进行系列分析研究并成功应用于现场试验,相信对相关领域的研究应用将有一定参考价值。实践证明,合理应用螺杆钻具及其配套机具进行近水平定向钻孔施工,将平衡煤矿掘、抽、采比例的紧张状况,为提高煤矿瓦斯抽采能力提供可靠保证。
For assuring safety production and high efficiency in gas drainage, coal minecondition was specially explored, the accuracy on the extent range of gas drainage drilltrack was gradually raised. It is an available approach to solve the above problems innearly horizontal directional drilling(HDD) technology with positive displacement motor(PDM) and relevant equipments.
The advantage of PDM assembly in directional drilling was educed in this paper, with it's appliance actuality induced, the infection factor and bend condition of drill track summarized, PDM assembly in horizontal directional drilling chosen and optimized. The capability characteristics of PDM were studied, the two common outside diameters of 73mm PDM in home and abroad that suit for HDD of gas drainage were selected in optimization, and indoor experiment on them was summed and validated, main borehole and lateral borehole directional bore-forming technics method of PDM were studied.
Mechanical model was formed by analyzing static force and distortion under two dimensional and three dimensional with continuous beam theory for PDM assembly with bent housing. Quantitative parametric sensitivity analysis under two dimensional was made on factors influencing drilling tool structure, bore-hole structure and drilling technology with Visual C++ 6.0 software and least squares theory, and relevant software was designed. Both of them offered useful theoretic exploratory for drill track. Indoor simulation test and two field directional drilling tests using PDM were done finally, fulfilling six main boreholes and five lateral boreholes, total length of 4226m and main borehole with the biggest length of 1046m. Combined with theory research and field practice, staggered fruit has been gained by analysis on the effect of directional test.
In this paper, controlled theory of PDM drilling in coal mine for nearly HDD borehole was comprehensive analysed and successful applicated. It was proved that correct application of PDM and relevant equipments in nearly HDD would relieve the strain situation of unbalance proportion of the discharging, picking, mining, so it is important to improve the ability of gas drainage.
引文
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2 王省身.矿井灾害防治治理理论与技术[M].北京:中国矿业大学工业出版社,1997
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7 郝世俊.煤矿井下水平定向钻进技术的发展[J].煤田地质与勘探,2004(2):57-59
8 孙荣军.我国煤矿沿煤层钻进技术的现状及发展[R].科学研究总院西安分院课题报告,2005(10)
9 苏义脑.螺杆钻具研究与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
10 周铁芳,阳东升.螺杆钻定向钻探技术研究与应用[J].探矿工程,1996(4):53-55
11 刘敏.定向钻进技术在煤矿工程中的应用及其发展[R].煤矿建设科研40年(论文集),1997
12 姜铁明,苗惠东.钻机在晋煤集团应用前景展望[J].煤矿开采,2003.9:17-20
13 Jenkins PP,Ball TG.Horizontal drilling techniques in British coal Mines[J].Transactions of the Institution of Mining & Metallurgy.Section A,V100,Jan-Apr,1991:185-188
14 CDX GAS,LLT.Drainage pattern with interscting wells drilled from surface.United States:8357523 B1,MAR.19,2002:23-26
15 郝世俊.孔底马达在我国煤矿井下水平孔钻进中的应用前景[J].煤出地质与勘探,2004(2):64-67
16 Liu Zilong,Chris Freer.The Application of V LD Directional Drilling in China[J].The 4th internation Symposium on CBM/CMM in China,2005:226-229
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18 石智军.煤矿井下千米瓦斯抽采钻孔施工装备及工艺技术研究[R].煤科总院西安研究院科学技术报告,2008.1
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22 高坤.低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采定向钻进技术研究[D].辽宁工科技术大学硕士学位论文,2005(6)
23 刘鸿文.材料力学(上、下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987
24 赵永哲,石智军等.高位水平长钻孔的定向工艺原理及应用[J].煤炭工程,2007(8):52-54
25 吴景华.螺杆定向钻进工艺及存在问题[J].地质与勘探,1997(5):60-63
26 于连江,陈国良.弯壳体螺杆钻具[J].石油矿场机械,1995(5):12-14
27 于连江,陈国良.螺杆钻具特性分析[J].石油机械,1995(8):29-32
28 万朝晖.螺杆钻具工作特性和结构参数的分析研究[J].石油机械,2001(10):10-13
29 Williamson J.S.and Lubinski A.Predicting Bottomhole Assembly Performance.IADC/APE 14764,1986
30 Brakel J.A.and Azar J.J.Prediction of Wellbore Trajectory Considering Bottom-hole Assembly and Drill Bit Dynamics.SPE/IADC 16172,1987
31 赵永哲,张幼振.定向钻进及螺杆钻具调研报告[R].煤科总院西安研究院钻探技术研究所科研报告,2006.10
32 苏义脑.螺杆钻具的工作特性[J].石油钻采工艺,1998(6):18-20
33 张焱,刘坤芳,曹里民.多井底井眼轨迹设计及控制理论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000
34 李克付.煤层气鱼刺分支井井眼轨迹控制技术研究[D].西安石油大学硕士学位论文,2005(11)
35 鲍清英,鲜保安.我国煤层气多分支井钻井技术可行性研究[J],天然气工业,2004(5):22-25
36 张晓西,朱永宜,杨凯华.中国科钻一井侧钻工作概述[J].中国大陆科学钻探工程论文,2005
37 Bradley,W.B.Affecting the Control of Borehole Angle in Straight and Directional Well[J].JPT,1975,(6)
38 杨松.多分支井再进入导向技术[J].石油知识,2002(4):17-19
39 J.T.Berg,G.Liand.多分支井设计和施工的持续改进[J].国外钻井技术,2004,15(2):17-22
40 向军文.定向钻进技术及其应用[J].探矿工程,2007(9):28-36
41 YHD1-1000型随钻测量仪器使用说明书[R].2007
42 郝世俊,石智军等.定向钻孔轨迹的模拟方法[J].探矿工程,2002(6):27-29
43 白家祉,苏义脑.井斜控制理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1990
44 白家祉.应用纵横弯曲连续梁理论求解钻具组合的受力与变形.SPE,10561,
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50 张焱,刘坤芳等.定向井井眼轨迹最优化设计方法研究[J].天然气工业,2000,20(1):17-19
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52 刘延柱,杨海兴等.理论力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.7
53 尹虎,李黔等.单弯螺杆控制井斜力特性分析及应用[J].钻井工程,2004(6):80-82
54 孔鹏等.Visual C++6.0完全自学手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007.1
55 肖筱南.现代数值计算方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003
2 王省身.矿井灾害防治治理理论与技术[M].北京:中国矿业大学工业出版社,1997
3 张铁岗.矿井瓦斯综合治理技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.3
4 孙继平.煤矿瓦斯治理十二字方针解析[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2005.6
5 韩广德.中国煤炭工业钻探工程学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000
6 郝世俊.近水平孔轨迹受控方法及受控机理[D].煤科总院西安分院硕士学位论文,2001(7)
7 郝世俊.煤矿井下水平定向钻进技术的发展[J].煤田地质与勘探,2004(2):57-59
8 孙荣军.我国煤矿沿煤层钻进技术的现状及发展[R].科学研究总院西安分院课题报告,2005(10)
9 苏义脑.螺杆钻具研究与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001
10 周铁芳,阳东升.螺杆钻定向钻探技术研究与应用[J].探矿工程,1996(4):53-55
11 刘敏.定向钻进技术在煤矿工程中的应用及其发展[R].煤矿建设科研40年(论文集),1997
12 姜铁明,苗惠东.钻机在晋煤集团应用前景展望[J].煤矿开采,2003.9:17-20
13 Jenkins PP,Ball TG.Horizontal drilling techniques in British coal Mines[J].Transactions of the Institution of Mining & Metallurgy.Section A,V100,Jan-Apr,1991:185-188
14 CDX GAS,LLT.Drainage pattern with interscting wells drilled from surface.United States:8357523 B1,MAR.19,2002:23-26
15 郝世俊.孔底马达在我国煤矿井下水平孔钻进中的应用前景[J].煤出地质与勘探,2004(2):64-67
16 Liu Zilong,Chris Freer.The Application of V LD Directional Drilling in China[J].The 4th internation Symposium on CBM/CMM in China,2005:226-229
17 刘子龙,克里斯·福睿尔,张津龙.VLD性定向钻机在大宁矿瓦斯抽采中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2004(5):34-37
18 石智军.煤矿井下千米瓦斯抽采钻孔施工装备及工艺技术研究[R].煤科总院西安研究院科学技术报告,2008.1
19 江天寿,周铁芳,刘励慎等.受控定向钻探技术[M].北京:地质出版社,1994
20 吴光琳.定向钻进工艺原理[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1991
21 李世忠.钻探工艺学[M].北京:地质出版社,1990
22 高坤.低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采定向钻进技术研究[D].辽宁工科技术大学硕士学位论文,2005(6)
23 刘鸿文.材料力学(上、下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987
24 赵永哲,石智军等.高位水平长钻孔的定向工艺原理及应用[J].煤炭工程,2007(8):52-54
25 吴景华.螺杆定向钻进工艺及存在问题[J].地质与勘探,1997(5):60-63
26 于连江,陈国良.弯壳体螺杆钻具[J].石油矿场机械,1995(5):12-14
27 于连江,陈国良.螺杆钻具特性分析[J].石油机械,1995(8):29-32
28 万朝晖.螺杆钻具工作特性和结构参数的分析研究[J].石油机械,2001(10):10-13
29 Williamson J.S.and Lubinski A.Predicting Bottomhole Assembly Performance.IADC/APE 14764,1986
30 Brakel J.A.and Azar J.J.Prediction of Wellbore Trajectory Considering Bottom-hole Assembly and Drill Bit Dynamics.SPE/IADC 16172,1987
31 赵永哲,张幼振.定向钻进及螺杆钻具调研报告[R].煤科总院西安研究院钻探技术研究所科研报告,2006.10
32 苏义脑.螺杆钻具的工作特性[J].石油钻采工艺,1998(6):18-20
33 张焱,刘坤芳,曹里民.多井底井眼轨迹设计及控制理论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000
34 李克付.煤层气鱼刺分支井井眼轨迹控制技术研究[D].西安石油大学硕士学位论文,2005(11)
35 鲍清英,鲜保安.我国煤层气多分支井钻井技术可行性研究[J],天然气工业,2004(5):22-25
36 张晓西,朱永宜,杨凯华.中国科钻一井侧钻工作概述[J].中国大陆科学钻探工程论文,2005
37 Bradley,W.B.Affecting the Control of Borehole Angle in Straight and Directional Well[J].JPT,1975,(6)
38 杨松.多分支井再进入导向技术[J].石油知识,2002(4):17-19
39 J.T.Berg,G.Liand.多分支井设计和施工的持续改进[J].国外钻井技术,2004,15(2):17-22
40 向军文.定向钻进技术及其应用[J].探矿工程,2007(9):28-36
41 YHD1-1000型随钻测量仪器使用说明书[R].2007
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