导电性纳米颗粒的分散与应用
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摘要
永久性导电性颗粒种类众多,包括金属,非金属以及氧化物半导体。常用金属类如金属单质、合金；非金属类如石墨,炭黑；氧化物半导体如锑掺杂氧化锡(Antimony doped tin oxide, ATO),锡掺杂氧化铟(Indium tin oxide, ITO)口铝掺杂氧化锌(Aluminum doped zinc oxide, AZO)等。
金属导电材料导电性好,但密度大,难分散,易氧化；炭黑永久导电,价格低廉,但颜色深,加工难度大。随着电子信息技术、显示技术和太阳能光伏技术的迅速发展,极大地带动了透明性导电材料的研究。占主导地位的透明导电颗粒为ATO和ITO。ITO具有最佳的导电能力和可见光透过率,技术成熟,但铟是一种稀缺金属,难以在更大范围内推广应用。ATO具有良好的化学稳定性、热稳定性、机械稳定性,其原材料价格低廉,因而可以在更广泛的领域应用。纳米颗粒应用的瓶颈之一就是颗粒固有的团聚问题,使得纳米颗粒的优点难以发挥。因此,纳米颗粒的分散研究对于其推广应用具有非常重要的意义。
本论文对导电性ATO和炭黑纳米粉体的分散及其应用进行研究。通过优化实验条件,制备了高稳定性和高固含量的纳米ATO和炭黑浆料。
首先,论文对ATO纳米粉体分散进行研究。分别以水、乙醇、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯(PMA),1,3-丙二醇等为溶剂,筛选出相应的分散剂。
其次,在已选分散剂的基础上,通过分组实验,获得最佳的ATO分散参数,如分散剂的添加比例,pH值,球磨时间等。获得了稳定ATO粉体浆料；在保证浆料稳定性的前提下,探索出提高ATO固含量的有效途径。
再次,采用隔热装置和电阻仪对稳定的导电浆料进行涂料应用研究,结果表明,ATO稳定浆料膜的隔热可以降低5℃,防静电的电阻可以达到106Ωm-2。
最后,对导电性炭黑BP2000和XC-72R纳米粉体进行分散。获得了稳定的炭黑浆料,测试结果表明,获得的炭黑浆料膜的电阻可以达到106Ω2m-2。
Permanent conductive particles include metals, non-metallics and oxide semiconductors. Commonly used metals such as elemental metal, alloy etc; non-metal such as graphite, carbon black, etc; oxide semiconductors such as Antimony doped tin oxide, Indium tin oxide, Aluminum doped zinc oxide, etc.
The metal particles show good conductivity, but the particles are difficult to disperse and easily oxidized. The advantages of carbon black are permanent conductive and cheap, but it is deep in color and the processing is very difficult. With the rapid development of electronic and information technology, display technology, and solar photovoltaic technologies, transparent conductive materials are developed very fast, especially ATO and ITO. ITO has the highest conductivity and visible light transmittance, but the indium is costly and the price is not stable.
ATO powder has the advantages, such as cheap raw materials, high electrical conductivity, excellent thermal stability, chemical stability, and mechanical stability. The key to the nanoparticle application is the powder agglomeration and the dispersion of nanoparticles is of great importance.
In this paper, we studied the dispersion and application of ATO and carbon black conductive nanoparticles.
Firstly, we studied the dispersion of ATO. We chose water, ethanol, PMA, and PDO as solvent, respectively, and obtained the most suitable dispersants.
Secondly, we studied the parameters for the ATO dispersion, such as pH, milling time, ratio of dispersant to ATO powder. We obtained the steady conductive powder slurry, and explored the methods to reach higher solid content.
Thirdly, we used insulation devices and resistance apparatus to test the performances of the nanoparticle slurries. The results show that the insulation effect of ATO slurry is 5℃, and the resistance of the polymer decreased to 106Ωm-2.
Finally, we dispersed conductive carbon black such as BP2000 and XC-72R.We obtained stable carbon black slurry. Test results show that the resistance of the PTFE coating decreased to 106Ωm-2 when carbon black conductive particles are added.
金属导电材料导电性好,但密度大,难分散,易氧化；炭黑永久导电,价格低廉,但颜色深,加工难度大。随着电子信息技术、显示技术和太阳能光伏技术的迅速发展,极大地带动了透明性导电材料的研究。占主导地位的透明导电颗粒为ATO和ITO。ITO具有最佳的导电能力和可见光透过率,技术成熟,但铟是一种稀缺金属,难以在更大范围内推广应用。ATO具有良好的化学稳定性、热稳定性、机械稳定性,其原材料价格低廉,因而可以在更广泛的领域应用。纳米颗粒应用的瓶颈之一就是颗粒固有的团聚问题,使得纳米颗粒的优点难以发挥。因此,纳米颗粒的分散研究对于其推广应用具有非常重要的意义。
本论文对导电性ATO和炭黑纳米粉体的分散及其应用进行研究。通过优化实验条件,制备了高稳定性和高固含量的纳米ATO和炭黑浆料。
首先,论文对ATO纳米粉体分散进行研究。分别以水、乙醇、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯(PMA),1,3-丙二醇等为溶剂,筛选出相应的分散剂。
其次,在已选分散剂的基础上,通过分组实验,获得最佳的ATO分散参数,如分散剂的添加比例,pH值,球磨时间等。获得了稳定ATO粉体浆料；在保证浆料稳定性的前提下,探索出提高ATO固含量的有效途径。
再次,采用隔热装置和电阻仪对稳定的导电浆料进行涂料应用研究,结果表明,ATO稳定浆料膜的隔热可以降低5℃,防静电的电阻可以达到106Ωm-2。
最后,对导电性炭黑BP2000和XC-72R纳米粉体进行分散。获得了稳定的炭黑浆料,测试结果表明,获得的炭黑浆料膜的电阻可以达到106Ω2m-2。
Permanent conductive particles include metals, non-metallics and oxide semiconductors. Commonly used metals such as elemental metal, alloy etc; non-metal such as graphite, carbon black, etc; oxide semiconductors such as Antimony doped tin oxide, Indium tin oxide, Aluminum doped zinc oxide, etc.
The metal particles show good conductivity, but the particles are difficult to disperse and easily oxidized. The advantages of carbon black are permanent conductive and cheap, but it is deep in color and the processing is very difficult. With the rapid development of electronic and information technology, display technology, and solar photovoltaic technologies, transparent conductive materials are developed very fast, especially ATO and ITO. ITO has the highest conductivity and visible light transmittance, but the indium is costly and the price is not stable.
ATO powder has the advantages, such as cheap raw materials, high electrical conductivity, excellent thermal stability, chemical stability, and mechanical stability. The key to the nanoparticle application is the powder agglomeration and the dispersion of nanoparticles is of great importance.
In this paper, we studied the dispersion and application of ATO and carbon black conductive nanoparticles.
Firstly, we studied the dispersion of ATO. We chose water, ethanol, PMA, and PDO as solvent, respectively, and obtained the most suitable dispersants.
Secondly, we studied the parameters for the ATO dispersion, such as pH, milling time, ratio of dispersant to ATO powder. We obtained the steady conductive powder slurry, and explored the methods to reach higher solid content.
Thirdly, we used insulation devices and resistance apparatus to test the performances of the nanoparticle slurries. The results show that the insulation effect of ATO slurry is 5℃, and the resistance of the polymer decreased to 106Ωm-2.
Finally, we dispersed conductive carbon black such as BP2000 and XC-72R.We obtained stable carbon black slurry. Test results show that the resistance of the PTFE coating decreased to 106Ωm-2 when carbon black conductive particles are added.
引文
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