紫杉醇生物合成上游途径中重要酶基因克隆
|
摘要
紫杉醇生物合成上游途径是指紫杉醇生物合成途径中GGPP之前的部分,包括MVA途径、DXP途径和从IPP缩合形成GGPP的代谢途径。为从曼地红豆杉中克隆紫杉醇生物合成上游途径中的重要酶基因,首先建立了一种从曼地亚红豆杉成熟组织中提取高质量RNA的方法。
在此基础上,采用RACE方法从曼地亚红豆杉中克隆了六个重要酶的基因的全长cDNA:MVA途径上的3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰CoA合成酶基因(tmhmgr)和异戊烯焦磷酸异构酶基因(tmipi)、DXP途径上的5-磷酸脱氧木酮糖合成酶基因(tmdxs)和5-磷酸脱氧木酮糖还原异构酶基因(tmdxr)、从IPP缩合形成GGPP途径上的曼法呢基焦磷酸合成酶基因(tmfps)和香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合成酶基因(tmggpps)。除tmggpps外其他五个基因都是首次从裸子植物中获得。酵母遗传功能互补的方法证实了tmhmgr、tmfps、tmggpps基因都编码相应的功能蛋白,而tmipi也能通过其在大肠杆菌中过量表达促进β-胡萝卜素的生物合成,说明它是一个编码有功能的IPI蛋白的基因。
Southern杂交表明,在曼地亚红豆杉中tmhmgr、tmfps、tmipi、tmdxs都是其相应基因家族的成员。Northern杂交表明,这些基因在根、茎、叶中都有表达,但一般来说针叶中的表达量高于根和树干。通过MeJA诱导实验,发现tmggpps和tmdxs在对照实验有本底表达,但MeJA处理东北红豆杉细胞导致其长时间超量表达。
通过克隆tmggpps基因的基因组序列,发现tmggpps是一个没有内含子的基因。利用染色体步移技术,获得了tmggpps上游启动子调控序列,在其中发现了与长春花str基因MeJA反应元件G-box一样的顺式作用元件CACGTC,该元件可能是MeJA诱导tmggpps表达上调的分子基础,有助于阐明MeJA诱导紫杉醇超量积累的分子机制。本文关于这些基因的研究为深入阐明紫杉醇生物合成的分子机制奠定了重要基础,为紫杉醇的代谢工程提供了更多可能的调控靶点。
The upstream biosynthesis pathway of Taxol is metabolic pathway before GGPP. As the common biosynthesis pathway of biterpenoids, it includs MVA pathway, DXP pathway and the part from IPP to GGPP. In order to clone genes coding the important enzymes in this upstream biosynthesis pathway of taxol, an easy and efficient protocol was developed for isolating good-quality total RNA from various mature tissues including fruits, leaves, stems and roots of Taxus plant.
On the basis of this protocol, the full-length cDNAs of six key genes were cloned through RACE method, characterized, which were respectively tmhmgr(the gene encoding 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase from Taxus media), tmipi (the gene encoding Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase from Taxus media) involved in the MVA pathway, tmdxs (the gene encoding 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase from Taxus media) and tmdxr (the gene encoding 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase from Taxus media) involved in DXP pathway, tmfps (the gene encoding Farnesyl diphosphate synthase from Taxus media), tmggpps (the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase gene from Taxus media) from the biosynthesis pathway from IPP to GGPP. The different mutant yeast strains were applied to respectively identify the function of tmhmgr, tmfps and tmggpps by functionally genetic complementation; the function of tmipi was identified by over expressing in E. coli strain XL1-Blue with the carotenoid-producing plasmid pAC-BETA, which resulted in pushing forward the metabolic flux to the downstream of the DXP pathway.
Southern blot analysis revealed that tmhmgr, tmfps, tmipi or tmdxs was not a single-gene but belonged to its gene family in Taxus media. Northern blot analysis showed that tmhmgr and tmfps expressed in the roots, stems and needles of Taxus media, but with higher level of expression for tmhmgr in the needles and stems, that was coincident with the fact that stems and needles were used for extracting taxol and its derivatives. tmfps expressed constitutively in roots, stems and needles. when Taxus cuspidata cells were treated with MeJA, the expression of tmggpps increased greatly and maintained high expression level in a relative long time that was helpful to the accumulation of taxol.
The genomic sequence of tmggpps was also cloned and characterized. it was
5>
found that tmggpps was an intron-free gene with the low level of constitutive expression. A G-box was found in the upstream sequence of tmggpps, which was the same as the MeJA-responsive G-box of the strictosidine synthase gene in C. roseus, and this might explain that tmggpps was up-regulated by MeJA. It was important to clone and characterize the genes described before, which was very helpful to map the taxol biosynthetic pathways at the level of molecular genetics and biochemistry and also provided more potential targets for metabolic engineering of taxol.
在此基础上,采用RACE方法从曼地亚红豆杉中克隆了六个重要酶的基因的全长cDNA:MVA途径上的3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰CoA合成酶基因(tmhmgr)和异戊烯焦磷酸异构酶基因(tmipi)、DXP途径上的5-磷酸脱氧木酮糖合成酶基因(tmdxs)和5-磷酸脱氧木酮糖还原异构酶基因(tmdxr)、从IPP缩合形成GGPP途径上的曼法呢基焦磷酸合成酶基因(tmfps)和香叶基香叶基焦磷酸合成酶基因(tmggpps)。除tmggpps外其他五个基因都是首次从裸子植物中获得。酵母遗传功能互补的方法证实了tmhmgr、tmfps、tmggpps基因都编码相应的功能蛋白,而tmipi也能通过其在大肠杆菌中过量表达促进β-胡萝卜素的生物合成,说明它是一个编码有功能的IPI蛋白的基因。
Southern杂交表明,在曼地亚红豆杉中tmhmgr、tmfps、tmipi、tmdxs都是其相应基因家族的成员。Northern杂交表明,这些基因在根、茎、叶中都有表达,但一般来说针叶中的表达量高于根和树干。通过MeJA诱导实验,发现tmggpps和tmdxs在对照实验有本底表达,但MeJA处理东北红豆杉细胞导致其长时间超量表达。
通过克隆tmggpps基因的基因组序列,发现tmggpps是一个没有内含子的基因。利用染色体步移技术,获得了tmggpps上游启动子调控序列,在其中发现了与长春花str基因MeJA反应元件G-box一样的顺式作用元件CACGTC,该元件可能是MeJA诱导tmggpps表达上调的分子基础,有助于阐明MeJA诱导紫杉醇超量积累的分子机制。本文关于这些基因的研究为深入阐明紫杉醇生物合成的分子机制奠定了重要基础,为紫杉醇的代谢工程提供了更多可能的调控靶点。
The upstream biosynthesis pathway of Taxol is metabolic pathway before GGPP. As the common biosynthesis pathway of biterpenoids, it includs MVA pathway, DXP pathway and the part from IPP to GGPP. In order to clone genes coding the important enzymes in this upstream biosynthesis pathway of taxol, an easy and efficient protocol was developed for isolating good-quality total RNA from various mature tissues including fruits, leaves, stems and roots of Taxus plant.
On the basis of this protocol, the full-length cDNAs of six key genes were cloned through RACE method, characterized, which were respectively tmhmgr(the gene encoding 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase from Taxus media), tmipi (the gene encoding Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase from Taxus media) involved in the MVA pathway, tmdxs (the gene encoding 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase from Taxus media) and tmdxr (the gene encoding 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase from Taxus media) involved in DXP pathway, tmfps (the gene encoding Farnesyl diphosphate synthase from Taxus media), tmggpps (the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase gene from Taxus media) from the biosynthesis pathway from IPP to GGPP. The different mutant yeast strains were applied to respectively identify the function of tmhmgr, tmfps and tmggpps by functionally genetic complementation; the function of tmipi was identified by over expressing in E. coli strain XL1-Blue with the carotenoid-producing plasmid pAC-BETA, which resulted in pushing forward the metabolic flux to the downstream of the DXP pathway.
Southern blot analysis revealed that tmhmgr, tmfps, tmipi or tmdxs was not a single-gene but belonged to its gene family in Taxus media. Northern blot analysis showed that tmhmgr and tmfps expressed in the roots, stems and needles of Taxus media, but with higher level of expression for tmhmgr in the needles and stems, that was coincident with the fact that stems and needles were used for extracting taxol and its derivatives. tmfps expressed constitutively in roots, stems and needles. when Taxus cuspidata cells were treated with MeJA, the expression of tmggpps increased greatly and maintained high expression level in a relative long time that was helpful to the accumulation of taxol.
The genomic sequence of tmggpps was also cloned and characterized. it was
found that tmggpps was an intron-free gene with the low level of constitutive expression. A G-box was found in the upstream sequence of tmggpps, which was the same as the MeJA-responsive G-box of the strictosidine synthase gene in C. roseus, and this might explain that tmggpps was up-regulated by MeJA. It was important to clone and characterize the genes described before, which was very helpful to map the taxol biosynthetic pathways at the level of molecular genetics and biochemistry and also provided more potential targets for metabolic engineering of taxol.
引文
Oliver DJ, Nikolau B, Wurtele ES. Functional genomics: high-throughput mRNA, protein, and metabolite analyses. Metab Eng. 2002,4(1):98-106.
Hartmann T. Diversity and variability of plant secondary metabolism: a mechanistic view. General and Applied Entomology. 1996, 80: 177–188.
Croteau R., Kutchan T. M., Lewis N. G. Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, MD, 2000, 1250-1318.
Chen X. Y., Xu Z. H. Recent progress in biotechnology and genetic engineering of medicinal plants in China. Medcinal Chemistry Research. 1996, 6: 215-224.
Wani M. C., Taylor H. L., Wall M. E., Coggon P., McPhail A. T. Plant antitumor agents. The isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from Taxus brevifolia. Journal of American Chemical Society. 1971, 93, 2325-2327.
Cieza A., Maier P., Poppel E. The effect of ginkgo biloba on healthy elderly subjects. Fortschritte Der Medzin. 2003, 1: 10-15.
Baloglu E, Kingston DG. A new semisynthesis of paclitaxel from baccatin III.J Nat Prod, 1999, 62(7): 1068-71.
Stebbing J, Wildfire A, Portsmouth S, Powles T, Thirlwell C, Hewitt P, Nelson M, Patterson S, Mandalia S, Gotch F, Gazzard BG, Bower M. Paclitaxel for anthracycline-resistant AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: clinical and angiogenic correlations. Ann Oncol. 2003 ,14(11):1660-6.
Kohler DR, Goldspiel BR. Paclitaxel (taxol). Pharmacotherapy. 1994 ,14(1):3-34
ElSohly HN, El-Kashoury, Croom EM Jr, ElSohly MA, Cochran KD, McChesney JD. Effect of drying Taxus needles on their taxol content: the impact of drying intact clippings. Planta Med. 1995,61(3):290-1.
郑德勇.我国3 种红豆杉各部位紫杉醇含量的比较.福建林学院学报, 2003, 23 (2) : 160-163
Jordan G. and Vivien W. The story of taxol, Nature and politics in the pursuit of ananti-cancer drug. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001
Nicolaou KC, Yang Z, Liu JJ, Ueno H, Nantermet PG, Guy RK, Claiborne CF, et al.. Total synthesis of taxol.Nature,1994, 367(6464): 630-634.
Yang LX, Wang HJ, Holton RA.. In vitro efficacy of a novel chemoradiopotentiator--taxoltere metro.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2000, 46(1): 159-163.
Kingston DG. Taxol: the chemistry and structure-activity relationships of a novel anticancer agent.Trends Biotechnol, 1994, 12(6): 222-227.
苗志奇,未作君,元英进.水杨酸在紫杉醇生物合成中诱导作用的研究.生物工程学报, 2000, 16(4):106-110
苗志奇, 未作君, 元英进.紫杉醇合成中甲基茉莉酮酸作用位点与配伍特性研究.生物物理学报,2000, 16(2):204-211
Yukimune Y. Tabata H., Higashi Y., Hara Y. Methyl jasmonate-induced overproduction of paclitaxel and baccatin III in Taxus cell suspension cultures. Nature Biotechnology. 1996, 14, 1129-1132.
Bringi V, Kadkade PG, Prince CL, Schubmehl BF, Kane EJ, Roach B. Enchanced production of Taxol and taxane by cell cultures of Taxus species, 1995, USP 5,407,816
Choi HK, Adams TL Stahlhut RW, Kim SI, Yun JH, Song BK, Kim JH, et al. Method for mass production of taxol by semi-continuous culture with Taxus chinensis cell culture, 1999, USP5871979
Stierle A, Strobel G, Stierle D. Taxol and taxane production by taxomyces andreanae and endophytic fungus of pacific yew.Science, 1993, 260(5105): 214-217
马天有,董兆麟.从植物分离产紫杉醇的内生真菌的研究.西北大学学报(自然科学版),1999,29(1):47-49
邵爱娟,林淑芳,张思巨,李晓明,黄璐琦,陈敏,吴志刚,戴如琴,刘丽.一种能产生紫杉醇类化合物内生真菌的分离.中国医学科学院学报,2001,23(6):642-644
林福呈,刘小红,王洪凯 ,章初龙.紫杉醇及其产生菌的研究现状与展望.微生物学报,2003,43(4):534-538
Walker K, Croteau R. Taxol biosynthetic genes.Phytochemistry, 2001, 58: 1-7
Lansing A., Haertel M., Gordon M., Floss, H. G. Biosynthetic studies on
5>
taxol. Planta Medica. 1991, 57, 83.
Zamir L. O., Nedea M. E., Belair S., Sauriol F., Mamer O., jacqmain E., Jean F. I., Garneau F. X. Biosynthetic building blocks of Taxus canadiensis taxanes. Tetrahedron Letters. 1992, 33, 5235-5236.
Eisenreich W., Menhard B., Hylands P. J., Zenk M. H., Bacher A. Studies on the biosynthesis of taxol: The taxane carbon skeleton is not of mevalonoid origin. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 1996, 93, 6431-6436.
Dewick P. M. The biosynthesis of C5–C25 terpenoid compounds. Natural Products Reports. 2002, 19:181–222
Bick J. A., Lange B. M. Metabolic crosstalk between cytosolic and plastidial pathways of isoprenoid biosynthesis: unidirectional transport of intermediates across the chloroplast envelope membrane. Archieves of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2003, 415: 146-154.
Gual J. C., Gonzalez-Bosch C., Dopazo J., Perez-Ortin J. E. Phylogenetic analysis of the thiolase family Implications for the evolutionary origin of peroxisomes. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 1992, 35: 147-55.
Luskey K. L., Stevens B. Human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Conserved domains responsible for catalytic activity and sterol-regulated degradation. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1985, 260: 10271-10277.
Basson M. E., Thorsness M., Finer-Moore J., Stroud R. M., Rine J. Structural and functional conservation between yeast and human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductases, the rate-limiting enzyme of sterol biosynthesis. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1988, 8: 3797-3808.
Lluch M. A., Masferrer A., Arro M., Boronat A., Ferrer A. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the mevalonate kinase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Molecular Biology. 2000, 42: 365-376.
Tsay Y. H., Robinson G. W. Cloning and characterization of ERG8, an essential gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encodes phosphomevalonate kinase. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1991, 11: 620-631.
Dhe-Paganon S., Magrath J., Abeles R. H. Mechanism of mevalonate
pyrophosphate decarboxylase: evidence for a carbocationic transition state. Biochemistry. 1994, 33: 133551-133562.
Wouters J., Oudjama Y., Ghosh S., Stalon V., Droogmans L., Oldfield E. Structure and mechanism of action of isopentenylpyrophosphate-dimethylallylpyrophosphate isomerase. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2003, 125: 3198-3199.
Rohmer M., Knani M., Simonin P., Sutter B., Sahm H. Isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacteria: a novel pathway for the early steps leading to isopentenyl diphosphate. Biochemical Journal, 1993, 295:517-524.
Schwarz M. K. Terpen-Biosynthese in Ginkgo biloba: eine überraschende Geschichte. PhD Thesis, 1994, Nr 10951, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
Sprenger G. A., Sch?rken U., Wiegert T., Grolle S., Graaf A. A. D., Taylor S. V., Begley T. P., Bringer-Meyer S., Sahm H. Identification of a thiamin-dependent synthase in Escherichia coli required for the formation of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate precursor to isoprenoids, thiamin, and pyridoxol. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 1997, 94: 12857-12862.
Estévez J. M., Cantero A., Reindl A., Reichler S., León P. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, a limiting enzyme for plastidic isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2001, 276, 22901-22909.
Takahashi S., Kuzuyama T., Watanabe H., Seto H. A. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase catalyzing the formation of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate in an alternative nonmevalonate pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 1998, 95: 9879-9884.
Rohdich F., Wungsintaweekul J., Luttgen H., Fischer M., Eisenreich W., Schuhr C. A., Fellermeier M., Schramek N., Zenk M. H., Bacher A. Biosynthesis of isoprenoids: 4-Diphosphocytidyl-2- Cmethyl-D-erythritol kinase from tomato. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2000, 97: 8251-8256.
Steinbacher S., Kaiser J., Eisenreich W., Huber R., Bacher A., Rohdich F.
Structural basis of fosmidomycin action revealed by the complex with 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate synthase (IspC). Implications for the catalytic mechanism and anti-malaria drug development. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2003, 278: 18401-18407.
Herz S., Wungsintaweekul J., Schuhr C. A., Hecht S., Luttgen H., Sagner S., Fellermeier M., Eisenreich W., Zenk M. H., Bacher A., Rohdich F. Biosynthesis of terpenoids: YgbB protein converts 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate to 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 2000, 97: 2486-2490.
Baker J., Franklin D. B., Parker J. Sequence and characterization of the gcpE gene of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 1992, 73: 175-180.
Cunningham F. X., Lafond T. P., Gantt E. Evidence of a role for LytB in the nonmevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Journal of Bacteriology. 2000, 182: 5841-5888.
Montamat F., Guilloton M., Karst F., Delrot S. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding Arabidopsis thaliana 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase. Gene. 1995, 167:197-201.
Sasaki T., Matsumoto T., Yamamoto K., Sakata K., Baba T., Katayose Y., Wu J. The genome sequence and structure of rice chromosome 1. Nature. 2002, 420: 312-316.
Vollack K. U., Bach T. J. Cloning of a cDNA encoding cytosolic acetoacetyl-coenzyme a thiolase from radish by functional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plant Physiology. 1996, 111: 1097-1107.
Rokosz L. L., Boulton D. A., Butkiewicz E. A., Sanyal G., Cueto M. A., Lachance P. A., Hermes J. D. Human cytoplasmic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A synthase-expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant wild-type and Cys(129) mutant enzymes Archieves of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1994, 312: 1-13.
Wegener A., Gimbel W., Werner T., Hani J., Ernst D., Sandermann H. Molecular cloning of ozone-inducible protein from Pinus sylvestris L. with
high sequence similarity to vertebrate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1997, 1350: 247-252.
Alex D, Bach TJ, Chye ML. Expression of Brassica juncea 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase is developmentally regulated and stress-responsive. Plant J. 2000,22(5):415-26.
Ferrer A., Balcells L., Hegardt F. G., Boronat A. Isolation and structural characterization of a cDNA encoding Arabidopsis thaliana 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Plant Molecular Biology. 1989, 13: 627-638.
Istvan E. S., Deisenhofer J. The structure of the catalytic portion of human HMG-CoA reductase. Achieves of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2000, 1529, 9-18.
Ruiz-Albert J., Cerda-Olmedo E., Corrochano L. M. Genes for mevalonate biosynthesis in Phycomyces. Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 2001, 266, 768-777.
Maldonado-Mendoza I. E., Vincent R. M., Nessler C. L. Molecular characterization of three differentially expressed members of the Camptotheca acuminata 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR) gene family. Plant Molecular Biology. 1997, 34, 781-790.
Maldenado-Mendoza I. E., Burnett R. J., Nessler C. L. Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from Catharanthus roseus. Plant Physiology. 1992, 100: 1613-1614.
Kato-Emori S., Higashi K., Hosoya K., Kobayashi T., Ezura H. Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in melon (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus). Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 2001, 265, 135-142.
Park H., Denbow C. J., Cramer C. L. Structure and nucleotide sequence of tomato HMG2 encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Plant Molecular Biology. 1992, 20: 327-331.
Learned R. M., Fink G. R. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana is structurally distinct from the yeast and animal enzymes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 1989, 86, 2779-2783.
Chye M. L., Tan C. T., Chua H. H. Three genes encode 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in Hevea brasiliensis: hmg1 and hmg3 are differentially expressed. Plant Molecular Biology. 1992, 19: 473-484.
Bach T. J. Some new aspects of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants-a review. Lipids. 1995, 30: 191-202.
Lee M., Leustek T. Identification of the gene encoding homoserine kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana and characterization of the recombinant enzyme derived from the gene. Archieves of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1999, 372: 135-142.
Cordier H., Karst F., Berges T. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase. Plant Molecular Biology. 1999, 39: 953-967.
Cunningham F. X., Gantt E. Identification of multi-gene families encoding isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase in plants by heterologous complementation in Escherichia coli. Plant Cell and Physiology. 2000, 41: 119-123.
Ramos-Valdivia A. C., Van der Heijden R., Verpoorte R. Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase: a core enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis. A review of its biochemistry and function. Natural Product Reports. 1997, 14: 591–603.
Francis X., Cunningham J., Elisabeth G. Identification of multi-gene families encoding isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase in plants by heterologous complementation in Escherichia coli. Plant Cell Physiol, 2000, 41: 119–123.
Lois L. M., Rodriguez-Concepcion M., Gallego F., Campos N., Boronat A. Carotenoid biosynthesis during tomato fruit development: regulatory role of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase. The Plant Journal. 2000, 22: 503-513.
Bouvier F., Harlingue A. D., Suire C., Backhaus R. A., Camara B. Dedicated roles of plastid transketolases during the early onset of isoprenoid biogenesis in pepper fruits. Plant Physiology. 1998, 117: 1423–1431.
Carretero-Paulet L., Ahumada I., Cunillera N., Rodriguez-Concepcion M., Ferrer A., Boronat A., Campos N. Expression and molecular analysis of the Arabidopsis DXR gene encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
reductoisomerase, the first committed enzyme of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway. Plant Physiology. 2002, 129: 1581-1591.
Markus L. B., Raymond E. B., Croteau R. B. Metabolite profiling of peppermint oil gland secretory cells and application to herbicide target analysis. Plant Physiology. 2001, 127: 305–314.
Markus L. B., Rujan T., Martin W., Croteau R. Isoprenoid biosynthesis: The evolution of two ancient and distinct pathways across genomes. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2000, 97: 13172–13177.
Veau B., Courtois M., Oudin A., Chenieux J. C., Rideau M., Clastre M. Cloning and expression of cDNAs encoding two enzymes of the MEP pathway in Catharanthus roseus. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2000, 1517, 159-163
Mahmoud, S. S. and Croteau, R. B. Metabolic engineering of essential oil yield and composition in mint by altering expression of deoxyxylulose phosphate reductoisomerase and menthofuran synthase. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2001, 98 (15), 8915-8920.
Rohdich F., Wungsintaweekul J., Eisenreich W., Richter G., Schuhr C. A., Hecht S., Zenk M. H., Bacher A. Biosynthesis of terpenoids: 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol synthase of Arabidopsis thaliana. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2000, 97: 6451-6456.
Altincicek B., Kollas A. K., Sanderbrand S., Wiesner J., Hintz M., Beck E., Jomaa H. GcpE is involved in the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology. 2001, 183: 2411-2416.
Querol J., Campos N., Imperial S., Boronat A., Rodriguez-Concepcion M. Functional analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana GCPE protein involved in plastid isoprenoid biosynthesis. FEBS Letters. 2002, 514: 343-346.
Rohdich F., Hecht S., Gartner K., Adam P., Krieger C., Amslinger S., Arigoni D., Bacher A., Eisenreich W. Studies on the nonmevalonate terpene biosynthetic pathway: Metabolic role of IspH (LytB) protein. The
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2002, 99: 1158–1163.
Palazón J., Cusidó R. M., Bonfill M., Morales C., Pi?ol M. T. Inhibition of paclitaxel and baccatin III accumulation by mevinolin and fosmidomycin in suspension cultures of Taxus baccata. Journal of Biotechnology. 2003, 101, 157-163.
Wang Y. D., Yuan Y. J., Wu J. C. Translocation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate for Taxol biosynthesis in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 2003, 74, 283-288.
Aule O., Furholz A., Chang H. S., Zhu T., Wang X., Heifetz P. B., Gruissem W., Markus L. B. Crosstalk between cytosolic and plastidial pathways of isoprenoid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2003, 100: 6866–6871.
Fernie A. R. Metabolome characterization in plant system analysis. Functional Plant Biology. 2003, 30, 111-120.
Hefner J., Ketchum R.E.B., Croteau R. Cloning and Functional Expression of a cDNA Encoding Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase from Taxus canadensis and Assessment of the Role of this Prenyltransferase in Cells Induced for Taxol Production. Archieves of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1998, 360, 62--74.
Koepp AE, Hezari M, Zajicek J, Vogel BS, Lafever RE, Lewis NG, Croteau R. Cylization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene is he committed step of taxol biosynthesis in pacific yew. J Biol Chem, 1995, 270(15): 8686-8690
Wildung M. R., Croteau R. A. cDNA cloing for taxadiene synthase that catalyzes the committed step of Taxol biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271: 9201–9204.
Hefner J, Rubenstein SM, Ketchum RE, Gibson DM, Williams RM, Croteau R. Cytochrome P450-catalyzed hydroxylation of taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene to taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5alpha-ol: the first oxygenation step in taxol biosynthesis. Chem Biol. 1996 Jun;3(6):479-89.
Wheeler A. L., Long R. M., Ketchum R. E. B., Rithner C. D., Williams R. M., Croteau R. Taxol Biosynthesis: Differential Transformations of Taxadien-5α-ol and Its Acetate Ester by Cytochrome P450 Hydroxylases from Taxus Suspension Cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2001, 390(2): 265–278.
Jennewein S, Long RM, Williams RM, Croteau R. Cytochrome p450 taxadiene 5alpha-hydroxylase, a mechanistically unusual monooxygenase catalyzing the first oxygenation step of taxol biosynthesis.Chem Biol. 2004,11(3):379-87.
Anne S., Rithner C. D., Williams R. M., Croteau R. B. Molecular cloning of a cytochrome P450 taxane10β-hydroxylase cDNA from Taxus and functional expression in yeast. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2001, 98(4): 1501-1506.
Chau M, Croteau R.Molecular cloning and characterization of a cytochrome P450 taxoid 2alpha-hydroxylase involved in Taxol biosynthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004,427(1):48-57.
Jennewein S., Rithner C. D., Williams R. M., Croteau R. Taxol biosynthesis: Taxane 13-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase.The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2001,98(24), 13595-13600.
Chau M, Jennewein S, Walker K, Croteau R.Taxol biosynthesis: Molecular cloning and characterization of a cytochrome P450 taxoid 7 beta-hydroxylase.Chem Biol. 2004,11(5):663-72.
Jennewein S, Rithner CD, Williams RM, Croteau R. Taxoid metabolism: Taxoid 14beta-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase.Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003,413(2):262-70.
Walker K, Schoendorf A, Croteau R. Molecular Cloning of a Taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5a-ol-OAcetyl Transferase cDNA from Taxus and Functional,Expression in Escherichia coli1.Archives Biochem Biophysics, 2000, 374(2): 371–380.
Walker, K. and Croteau, R. Molecular cloning of a 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-O-acetyl transferase cDNA from Taxus and functional expression in Escherichia coli. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of
the United States of America. 2000, 97 (2), 583-587.
Walker K. and Croteau R. Taxol biosynthesis: Molecular cloning of a benzoyl- CoA:taxane 2a-O-benzoyltransferase cDNA from Taxus and functional expression in Escherichia coli. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2000, 97: 99164-6340.
Walker K., Fujisaki S., Long R,, and Croteau R, Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of the C-13 phenylpropanoid side chain-CoA acyltransferase that functions in Taxol biosynthesis The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2002 , 99, 12715–12720.
Walker K., Fujisaki S., Long R., Croteau R. The final acylation step in Taxol biosynthesis: Cloning of the taxoid C13-side-chain N-benzoyltransferase from Taxus.The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2002, 99: 9166-9171.
金冬雁、黎孟枫等译, 侯云德(译). 分子克隆实验指南(第二版). 科学出版社,1996
Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F., Maniatis T. Molecular Clone: a Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1995
颜子颖、王海林译,金东雁校. 精编分子生物学实验指南. 科学出版社,1998.
Ausubel F., Brent R., Kingston R. E., Moore D. D., Seidman J. G., Smith J. A., Struhl K. Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, 3rd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , 1995
Daniel A. A., Gottschling E., Kaiser C., Stearms T. Methods in Yeast Genomics: A Laboratory Course Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1998
刘子铎(译). 酵母遗传学方法实验指南. 科学出版社,2000
Blanchard, L. and Karst, F. Characterization of a lysine-to-glutamic acid mutation in a conservative sequence of farnesyl diphosphate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene. 1993, 125, 185-189.
Cunillera, N., Arró, M., Delourme, D., Karst, F., Boronat, A. and Ferrer, A. Arabidopsis thaliana contains two differentially expressed
farnesyl-diphosphate synthase genes. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1996, 271, 7774-7780.
Cunillera N., Boronat A., Ferrer A. The Arabidopsis thaliana FPS1 Gene Generates a Novel mRNA That Encodes a Mitochondrial Farnesyl-diphosphate Synthase Isoform. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1997, 272(24), 15381–15388.
Jiang Y., Proteau P. Poulter D., Ferro-Novick S. BTS1 Encodes a Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1995, 270(37), 21793–21799.
Gallagher C. E., Cervantes-Cervantes M., Wurtzel E. T. Surrogate biochemistry: use of Escherichia colito identify plant cDNAs that impact metabolic engineering of carotenoid accumulation. Appllied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2003, 60, 713–719
Hundle B., Alberti M., Nievelstein V., Beyer P., Kleinig H., Armstrong G. A., Burke D. H., Hearst J.E. Functional assignment of Erwinia herbicola Eho10 carotenoid genes expressed in Escherichia coli. Molecular and General Genetics. 1994, 245 (4), 406-416.
Vicient, C.M., Delseny, M. Isolation of Total RNA from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds. Analytical Biochemistry 1999, 268, 412-413.
Chomczynski P., Sacchi N. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Analatical Biochemistry. 1987, 162, 156-159.
Tesniere C., Vayda M. E. Method for isolation of high-quality RNA from grape berry tissues without contaminating tannins or carbohydrates. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 1991, 9, 242-251.
Ainsworth, C. Isolation of RNA from floral tissue of Rumex acetosa (Sorrel). Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 1994, 12, 198-203.
Loomis, W.D. Overcoming problems of phenolics and quinones in the isolation of plant enzymes and organelles. Methods in Enzymology. 1974, 31, 528-544.
Jones, C.S.; Iannetta, P.P.M.; Woodhead, M.; Davies, H.V.; McNicol, R.J.; Taylor, M.A. The isolation of RNA from raspberry (Rubus idaeus) fruit. Molecular Biotechnology. 1997, 8, 219-221.
5>
Goodman J., Walsh V. The Story of Taxol: Nature and Politics in the Pursuit of an Anti- Cancer Drug. 2001, Cambridge University Press.
Schepmann H. G., Pang J. H., Matsuda S. P. T. Cloning and characterization of Ginkgo biloba levopimaradiene synthase which catalyzes the first committed step in ginkgolides biosynthesis. Archieves of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2001, 392, 263-269
Caelles C., Ferrer A., Balcells L., Hegardt F. G., Boronat A. Isolation and structural characterization of a cDNA encoding Arabidopsis thaliana 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Plant Molecular Biology. 1989, 13, 627-38.
Nielsen H., Engelbrecht J., Brunak S., Van Heijne G. Identification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal peptides and prediction of their cleavage sites. Protein Engineering. 1997, 10, 1-6.
Combet C., Blanchet C., Geourjon C., Deléage G. NPS@: Network Protein Sequence Analysis. Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 2000, 291, 147-150.
Schwede T., Kopp J., Guex N., Peitsch M. C. SWISS-MODEL: an automated protein homology-modeling server. Nucleic Acids Research. 2003, 31, 3381-3385.
Narita JO, Gruissem W. Tomato hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase is required early in fruit development but not during ripening. Plant Cell. 1989 ,1(2):181-90.
Chye M. L., Kush A., Tan C. T., Chua N. H. Characterization of cDNA and genomic clones encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase from Hevea brasiliensis. Plant Molecular Biology. 1991, 16, 567-577.
Stermer B. A., Bianchini G. M., Korth K. L. Regulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity in plants. Journal of Lipid Research. 1994, 35, 1133-1140.
Zhu Q, Carlsson O, Rippe B. Clearance of tracer albumin from peritoneal cavity to plasma at low intraperitoneal volumes and hydrostatic pressures. Perit Dial Int. 1998,18(5):497-504.
Okada T, Zhang Z, Russell SD, Toriyama K. Localization of the Ca(2+)-binding protein, Bra r 1, in anthers and pollen tubes. Plant Cell Physiol. 1999 ,40(12):1243-52.
Campbell M, Hahn FM, Poulter CD, Leustek T. Analysis of the isopentenyl
diphosphate isomerase gene family from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol. 1998 ,36(2):323-8.
Lange M. B., Rujan T., Martin W., Croteau R. Isoprenoid biosynthesis, The evolution of two ancient and distinct pathways across genomes. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2000, 97, 13172–13177
Suire C., Bouvier F., Backhaus R. A., Bégu D., Bonneu M., Camara B. Cellular Localization of Isoprenoid Biosynthetic Enzymes in Marchantia polymorpha. Uncovering a New Role of Oil Bodies. Plant Physiology. 2000, 24, 971–978.
Kuzuyama T, Takagi M, Takahashi S, Seto H. Cloning and characterization of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase from Streptomyces sp. Strain CL190, which uses both the mevalonate and nonmevalonate pathways for isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis. J Bacteriol. 2000 ,182(4):891-7.
Hahn F. M., Eubanks L., Teata C. A., Blagg B. J., Baker J. A., Poulter C. D. 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose 5-Phosphate Synthase, the Gene Product of Open Reading Frame (ORF) 2816 and ORF 2895 in Rhodobacter capsulatus. Journal of Bacteriology. 2001, 183(1), 1–11.
Krushkala J., Pistillib M., Ferrellb K. M., Souretb F. F., Weathersb P. J. Computational analysis of the evolution of the structure and function of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, a key regulator of the mevalonate-independent pathway in plants. Gene. 2003, 313, 127–138.
Chain P., Lamerdin J., Larimer F., Regala W., Land M., Hauser L., Hooper A., Klotz M., Norton J., Sayavedra-Soto L., Arciero D., Hommes N., Whittaker M.,Arp D. Complete Genome Sequence of the Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium and Obligate Chemolithoautotroph Nitrosomonas europaea. Journal of Bacteriology. 2003, 185 (9), 2759-2773.
Martin V. J. J., Pitera D. J., Withers S. T., Newman J. D., Keasling J. D. Engineering a mevalonate pathway in Escherichia coli for production of terpenoids. Nature Biotechnology. 2003, 21, 796-802.
Emanuelsson O., Nielsen H., Brunak S., von Heijne G. Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence. Journal of Molecular Biology. 2000, 300, 1005-1016.
Altincicek B, Hintz M, Sanderbrand S, Wiesner J, Beck E, Jomaa H.Tools for discovery of inhibitors of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) synthase a nd DXP reductoisomerase: an approach with enzymes from the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2000 ,190(2):329-33.
Reuter K, Sanderbrand S, Jomaa H, Wiesner J, Steinbrecher I, Beck E, Hintz M, Klebe G, Stubbs MT.Cryst al structure of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase, a crucial enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 2002, 277(7):5378-84
Bilia, A. R. Ginkgo biloba L. Fitoterapia. 2002, 73, 276-279.
Miller, H. I. The Story of Taxol: Nature and Politics in the Pursuit of an Anti-Cancer Drug. Nature. 2001, 7, 148.
Chen Y, Zhu SM, Chen HY. Progress in studies on the artemisinin (qinghaosu)-type antimalarials. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1998;33(3):234-9.
Chun, P. L. and Larkins, B. A. Identification of a maize endosperm-specific cDNA encoding farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. Gene. 1996, 171, 193-196.
Matsushita, Y., Kang, W. K. and Charlwood, B. V. Cloning and analysis of a cDNA encoding farnesyl diphosphate Synthase from Artemisia annua. Gene. 1996, 172, 207-209.
Liu, C. J., Heinstein, P. and Chen, X. Y. Expression pattern of genes encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase and sesquiterpene cyclase in cotton suspension-cultured cells treated with fungal elicitors, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 1999, 12, 1095-1104.
Ohnuma, S. I., Hirooka, K., Hemmi, H., Ishida, C., Ohto, C. and Nishino, T. Conversion of product specificity of archaebacterial geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1996, 271, 18831-18837.
Chen, A. J., Kroon, P. A. and Poulter, C. D. Isoprenyl diphosphate synthases: protein sequence comparisons, a phylogenetic tree, and predictions of secondary structure. Protein Science. 1994, 3, 600-3607.
Tarshis, L. C., Proteau, P. J., Kellogg, B. A., Sacchettini, J. C. and Poulter C. D. Regulation of product chain length by isoprenyl diphosphate synthases.
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1996, 93, 15018-15023.
Montalvetti A, Fernandez A, Sanders JM, Ghosh S, Van Brussel E, Oldfield E, Docampo R. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase is an essential enzyme in Trypanosoma brucei. In vitro RNA interference and in vivo inhibition studies. J Biol Chem. 2003 ,278(19):17075-83.
Jiang F, Yang L, Cai X, Cyriac J, Shechter I, Wang Z. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase is abundantly expressed and regulated by androgen in rat prostatic epithelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2001,78(2):123-30
Sanmiya K, Iwasaki T, Matsuoka M, Miyao M, Yamamoto N. Cloning of a cDNA that encodes farnesyl diphosphate synthase and the blue-light-induced expression of the corresponding gene in the leaves of rice plants. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997,1350(3):240-6.
Pasquali G., Erven A. S. W., Ouwerkerk P. B. F., Menke F. L. H., Memelink J. The promoter of the strictosidine synthase gene from periwinkle confers elicitor-inducible expression in transgenic tobacco and binds nuclear factors GT-1 and GBF. Plant Molecular Biology. 1999, 39, 1299–1310.
Ashby M. N. and Edwards P.A. Elucidation of the deficiency in two yeast coenzyme Q mutants. Characterization of the structural gene encoding hexaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1990, 265, 13157-13164.
Hartmann T. Diversity and variability of plant secondary metabolism: a mechanistic view. General and Applied Entomology. 1996, 80: 177–188.
Croteau R., Kutchan T. M., Lewis N. G. Biochemistry and molecular biology of plants. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, MD, 2000, 1250-1318.
Chen X. Y., Xu Z. H. Recent progress in biotechnology and genetic engineering of medicinal plants in China. Medcinal Chemistry Research. 1996, 6: 215-224.
Wani M. C., Taylor H. L., Wall M. E., Coggon P., McPhail A. T. Plant antitumor agents. The isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from Taxus brevifolia. Journal of American Chemical Society. 1971, 93, 2325-2327.
Cieza A., Maier P., Poppel E. The effect of ginkgo biloba on healthy elderly subjects. Fortschritte Der Medzin. 2003, 1: 10-15.
Baloglu E, Kingston DG. A new semisynthesis of paclitaxel from baccatin III.J Nat Prod, 1999, 62(7): 1068-71.
Stebbing J, Wildfire A, Portsmouth S, Powles T, Thirlwell C, Hewitt P, Nelson M, Patterson S, Mandalia S, Gotch F, Gazzard BG, Bower M. Paclitaxel for anthracycline-resistant AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: clinical and angiogenic correlations. Ann Oncol. 2003 ,14(11):1660-6.
Kohler DR, Goldspiel BR. Paclitaxel (taxol). Pharmacotherapy. 1994 ,14(1):3-34
ElSohly HN, El-Kashoury, Croom EM Jr, ElSohly MA, Cochran KD, McChesney JD. Effect of drying Taxus needles on their taxol content: the impact of drying intact clippings. Planta Med. 1995,61(3):290-1.
郑德勇.我国3 种红豆杉各部位紫杉醇含量的比较.福建林学院学报, 2003, 23 (2) : 160-163
Jordan G. and Vivien W. The story of taxol, Nature and politics in the pursuit of ananti-cancer drug. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001
Nicolaou KC, Yang Z, Liu JJ, Ueno H, Nantermet PG, Guy RK, Claiborne CF, et al.. Total synthesis of taxol.Nature,1994, 367(6464): 630-634.
Yang LX, Wang HJ, Holton RA.. In vitro efficacy of a novel chemoradiopotentiator--taxoltere metro.Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2000, 46(1): 159-163.
Kingston DG. Taxol: the chemistry and structure-activity relationships of a novel anticancer agent.Trends Biotechnol, 1994, 12(6): 222-227.
苗志奇,未作君,元英进.水杨酸在紫杉醇生物合成中诱导作用的研究.生物工程学报, 2000, 16(4):106-110
苗志奇, 未作君, 元英进.紫杉醇合成中甲基茉莉酮酸作用位点与配伍特性研究.生物物理学报,2000, 16(2):204-211
Yukimune Y. Tabata H., Higashi Y., Hara Y. Methyl jasmonate-induced overproduction of paclitaxel and baccatin III in Taxus cell suspension cultures. Nature Biotechnology. 1996, 14, 1129-1132.
Bringi V, Kadkade PG, Prince CL, Schubmehl BF, Kane EJ, Roach B. Enchanced production of Taxol and taxane by cell cultures of Taxus species, 1995, USP 5,407,816
Choi HK, Adams TL Stahlhut RW, Kim SI, Yun JH, Song BK, Kim JH, et al. Method for mass production of taxol by semi-continuous culture with Taxus chinensis cell culture, 1999, USP5871979
Stierle A, Strobel G, Stierle D. Taxol and taxane production by taxomyces andreanae and endophytic fungus of pacific yew.Science, 1993, 260(5105): 214-217
马天有,董兆麟.从植物分离产紫杉醇的内生真菌的研究.西北大学学报(自然科学版),1999,29(1):47-49
邵爱娟,林淑芳,张思巨,李晓明,黄璐琦,陈敏,吴志刚,戴如琴,刘丽.一种能产生紫杉醇类化合物内生真菌的分离.中国医学科学院学报,2001,23(6):642-644
林福呈,刘小红,王洪凯 ,章初龙.紫杉醇及其产生菌的研究现状与展望.微生物学报,2003,43(4):534-538
Walker K, Croteau R. Taxol biosynthetic genes.Phytochemistry, 2001, 58: 1-7
Lansing A., Haertel M., Gordon M., Floss, H. G. Biosynthetic studies on
taxol. Planta Medica. 1991, 57, 83.
Zamir L. O., Nedea M. E., Belair S., Sauriol F., Mamer O., jacqmain E., Jean F. I., Garneau F. X. Biosynthetic building blocks of Taxus canadiensis taxanes. Tetrahedron Letters. 1992, 33, 5235-5236.
Eisenreich W., Menhard B., Hylands P. J., Zenk M. H., Bacher A. Studies on the biosynthesis of taxol: The taxane carbon skeleton is not of mevalonoid origin. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 1996, 93, 6431-6436.
Dewick P. M. The biosynthesis of C5–C25 terpenoid compounds. Natural Products Reports. 2002, 19:181–222
Bick J. A., Lange B. M. Metabolic crosstalk between cytosolic and plastidial pathways of isoprenoid biosynthesis: unidirectional transport of intermediates across the chloroplast envelope membrane. Archieves of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2003, 415: 146-154.
Gual J. C., Gonzalez-Bosch C., Dopazo J., Perez-Ortin J. E. Phylogenetic analysis of the thiolase family Implications for the evolutionary origin of peroxisomes. Journal of Molecular Evolution. 1992, 35: 147-55.
Luskey K. L., Stevens B. Human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Conserved domains responsible for catalytic activity and sterol-regulated degradation. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1985, 260: 10271-10277.
Basson M. E., Thorsness M., Finer-Moore J., Stroud R. M., Rine J. Structural and functional conservation between yeast and human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductases, the rate-limiting enzyme of sterol biosynthesis. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1988, 8: 3797-3808.
Lluch M. A., Masferrer A., Arro M., Boronat A., Ferrer A. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the mevalonate kinase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Molecular Biology. 2000, 42: 365-376.
Tsay Y. H., Robinson G. W. Cloning and characterization of ERG8, an essential gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that encodes phosphomevalonate kinase. Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1991, 11: 620-631.
Dhe-Paganon S., Magrath J., Abeles R. H. Mechanism of mevalonate
pyrophosphate decarboxylase: evidence for a carbocationic transition state. Biochemistry. 1994, 33: 133551-133562.
Wouters J., Oudjama Y., Ghosh S., Stalon V., Droogmans L., Oldfield E. Structure and mechanism of action of isopentenylpyrophosphate-dimethylallylpyrophosphate isomerase. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2003, 125: 3198-3199.
Rohmer M., Knani M., Simonin P., Sutter B., Sahm H. Isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacteria: a novel pathway for the early steps leading to isopentenyl diphosphate. Biochemical Journal, 1993, 295:517-524.
Schwarz M. K. Terpen-Biosynthese in Ginkgo biloba: eine überraschende Geschichte. PhD Thesis, 1994, Nr 10951, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
Sprenger G. A., Sch?rken U., Wiegert T., Grolle S., Graaf A. A. D., Taylor S. V., Begley T. P., Bringer-Meyer S., Sahm H. Identification of a thiamin-dependent synthase in Escherichia coli required for the formation of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate precursor to isoprenoids, thiamin, and pyridoxol. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 1997, 94: 12857-12862.
Estévez J. M., Cantero A., Reindl A., Reichler S., León P. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, a limiting enzyme for plastidic isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2001, 276, 22901-22909.
Takahashi S., Kuzuyama T., Watanabe H., Seto H. A. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase catalyzing the formation of 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate in an alternative nonmevalonate pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 1998, 95: 9879-9884.
Rohdich F., Wungsintaweekul J., Luttgen H., Fischer M., Eisenreich W., Schuhr C. A., Fellermeier M., Schramek N., Zenk M. H., Bacher A. Biosynthesis of isoprenoids: 4-Diphosphocytidyl-2- Cmethyl-D-erythritol kinase from tomato. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2000, 97: 8251-8256.
Steinbacher S., Kaiser J., Eisenreich W., Huber R., Bacher A., Rohdich F.
Structural basis of fosmidomycin action revealed by the complex with 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate synthase (IspC). Implications for the catalytic mechanism and anti-malaria drug development. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2003, 278: 18401-18407.
Herz S., Wungsintaweekul J., Schuhr C. A., Hecht S., Luttgen H., Sagner S., Fellermeier M., Eisenreich W., Zenk M. H., Bacher A., Rohdich F. Biosynthesis of terpenoids: YgbB protein converts 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2-phosphate to 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 2000, 97: 2486-2490.
Baker J., Franklin D. B., Parker J. Sequence and characterization of the gcpE gene of Escherichia coli. FEMS Microbiology Letters. 1992, 73: 175-180.
Cunningham F. X., Lafond T. P., Gantt E. Evidence of a role for LytB in the nonmevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Journal of Bacteriology. 2000, 182: 5841-5888.
Montamat F., Guilloton M., Karst F., Delrot S. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding Arabidopsis thaliana 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase. Gene. 1995, 167:197-201.
Sasaki T., Matsumoto T., Yamamoto K., Sakata K., Baba T., Katayose Y., Wu J. The genome sequence and structure of rice chromosome 1. Nature. 2002, 420: 312-316.
Vollack K. U., Bach T. J. Cloning of a cDNA encoding cytosolic acetoacetyl-coenzyme a thiolase from radish by functional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plant Physiology. 1996, 111: 1097-1107.
Rokosz L. L., Boulton D. A., Butkiewicz E. A., Sanyal G., Cueto M. A., Lachance P. A., Hermes J. D. Human cytoplasmic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A synthase-expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant wild-type and Cys(129) mutant enzymes Archieves of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1994, 312: 1-13.
Wegener A., Gimbel W., Werner T., Hani J., Ernst D., Sandermann H. Molecular cloning of ozone-inducible protein from Pinus sylvestris L. with
high sequence similarity to vertebrate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1997, 1350: 247-252.
Alex D, Bach TJ, Chye ML. Expression of Brassica juncea 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase is developmentally regulated and stress-responsive. Plant J. 2000,22(5):415-26.
Ferrer A., Balcells L., Hegardt F. G., Boronat A. Isolation and structural characterization of a cDNA encoding Arabidopsis thaliana 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Plant Molecular Biology. 1989, 13: 627-638.
Istvan E. S., Deisenhofer J. The structure of the catalytic portion of human HMG-CoA reductase. Achieves of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2000, 1529, 9-18.
Ruiz-Albert J., Cerda-Olmedo E., Corrochano L. M. Genes for mevalonate biosynthesis in Phycomyces. Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 2001, 266, 768-777.
Maldonado-Mendoza I. E., Vincent R. M., Nessler C. L. Molecular characterization of three differentially expressed members of the Camptotheca acuminata 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR) gene family. Plant Molecular Biology. 1997, 34, 781-790.
Maldenado-Mendoza I. E., Burnett R. J., Nessler C. L. Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from Catharanthus roseus. Plant Physiology. 1992, 100: 1613-1614.
Kato-Emori S., Higashi K., Hosoya K., Kobayashi T., Ezura H. Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in melon (Cucumis melo L. reticulatus). Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 2001, 265, 135-142.
Park H., Denbow C. J., Cramer C. L. Structure and nucleotide sequence of tomato HMG2 encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Plant Molecular Biology. 1992, 20: 327-331.
Learned R. M., Fink G. R. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana is structurally distinct from the yeast and animal enzymes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 1989, 86, 2779-2783.
Chye M. L., Tan C. T., Chua H. H. Three genes encode 3-hydroxy-3- methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in Hevea brasiliensis: hmg1 and hmg3 are differentially expressed. Plant Molecular Biology. 1992, 19: 473-484.
Bach T. J. Some new aspects of isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants-a review. Lipids. 1995, 30: 191-202.
Lee M., Leustek T. Identification of the gene encoding homoserine kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana and characterization of the recombinant enzyme derived from the gene. Archieves of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1999, 372: 135-142.
Cordier H., Karst F., Berges T. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase. Plant Molecular Biology. 1999, 39: 953-967.
Cunningham F. X., Gantt E. Identification of multi-gene families encoding isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase in plants by heterologous complementation in Escherichia coli. Plant Cell and Physiology. 2000, 41: 119-123.
Ramos-Valdivia A. C., Van der Heijden R., Verpoorte R. Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase: a core enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis. A review of its biochemistry and function. Natural Product Reports. 1997, 14: 591–603.
Francis X., Cunningham J., Elisabeth G. Identification of multi-gene families encoding isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase in plants by heterologous complementation in Escherichia coli. Plant Cell Physiol, 2000, 41: 119–123.
Lois L. M., Rodriguez-Concepcion M., Gallego F., Campos N., Boronat A. Carotenoid biosynthesis during tomato fruit development: regulatory role of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase. The Plant Journal. 2000, 22: 503-513.
Bouvier F., Harlingue A. D., Suire C., Backhaus R. A., Camara B. Dedicated roles of plastid transketolases during the early onset of isoprenoid biogenesis in pepper fruits. Plant Physiology. 1998, 117: 1423–1431.
Carretero-Paulet L., Ahumada I., Cunillera N., Rodriguez-Concepcion M., Ferrer A., Boronat A., Campos N. Expression and molecular analysis of the Arabidopsis DXR gene encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
reductoisomerase, the first committed enzyme of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway. Plant Physiology. 2002, 129: 1581-1591.
Markus L. B., Raymond E. B., Croteau R. B. Metabolite profiling of peppermint oil gland secretory cells and application to herbicide target analysis. Plant Physiology. 2001, 127: 305–314.
Markus L. B., Rujan T., Martin W., Croteau R. Isoprenoid biosynthesis: The evolution of two ancient and distinct pathways across genomes. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2000, 97: 13172–13177.
Veau B., Courtois M., Oudin A., Chenieux J. C., Rideau M., Clastre M. Cloning and expression of cDNAs encoding two enzymes of the MEP pathway in Catharanthus roseus. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2000, 1517, 159-163
Mahmoud, S. S. and Croteau, R. B. Metabolic engineering of essential oil yield and composition in mint by altering expression of deoxyxylulose phosphate reductoisomerase and menthofuran synthase. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2001, 98 (15), 8915-8920.
Rohdich F., Wungsintaweekul J., Eisenreich W., Richter G., Schuhr C. A., Hecht S., Zenk M. H., Bacher A. Biosynthesis of terpenoids: 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-D-erythritol synthase of Arabidopsis thaliana. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2000, 97: 6451-6456.
Altincicek B., Kollas A. K., Sanderbrand S., Wiesner J., Hintz M., Beck E., Jomaa H. GcpE is involved in the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology. 2001, 183: 2411-2416.
Querol J., Campos N., Imperial S., Boronat A., Rodriguez-Concepcion M. Functional analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana GCPE protein involved in plastid isoprenoid biosynthesis. FEBS Letters. 2002, 514: 343-346.
Rohdich F., Hecht S., Gartner K., Adam P., Krieger C., Amslinger S., Arigoni D., Bacher A., Eisenreich W. Studies on the nonmevalonate terpene biosynthetic pathway: Metabolic role of IspH (LytB) protein. The
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2002, 99: 1158–1163.
Palazón J., Cusidó R. M., Bonfill M., Morales C., Pi?ol M. T. Inhibition of paclitaxel and baccatin III accumulation by mevinolin and fosmidomycin in suspension cultures of Taxus baccata. Journal of Biotechnology. 2003, 101, 157-163.
Wang Y. D., Yuan Y. J., Wu J. C. Translocation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate for Taxol biosynthesis in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis var. mairei. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 2003, 74, 283-288.
Aule O., Furholz A., Chang H. S., Zhu T., Wang X., Heifetz P. B., Gruissem W., Markus L. B. Crosstalk between cytosolic and plastidial pathways of isoprenoid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2003, 100: 6866–6871.
Fernie A. R. Metabolome characterization in plant system analysis. Functional Plant Biology. 2003, 30, 111-120.
Hefner J., Ketchum R.E.B., Croteau R. Cloning and Functional Expression of a cDNA Encoding Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase from Taxus canadensis and Assessment of the Role of this Prenyltransferase in Cells Induced for Taxol Production. Archieves of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1998, 360, 62--74.
Koepp AE, Hezari M, Zajicek J, Vogel BS, Lafever RE, Lewis NG, Croteau R. Cylization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene is he committed step of taxol biosynthesis in pacific yew. J Biol Chem, 1995, 270(15): 8686-8690
Wildung M. R., Croteau R. A. cDNA cloing for taxadiene synthase that catalyzes the committed step of Taxol biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271: 9201–9204.
Hefner J, Rubenstein SM, Ketchum RE, Gibson DM, Williams RM, Croteau R. Cytochrome P450-catalyzed hydroxylation of taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene to taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5alpha-ol: the first oxygenation step in taxol biosynthesis. Chem Biol. 1996 Jun;3(6):479-89.
Wheeler A. L., Long R. M., Ketchum R. E. B., Rithner C. D., Williams R. M., Croteau R. Taxol Biosynthesis: Differential Transformations of Taxadien-5α-ol and Its Acetate Ester by Cytochrome P450 Hydroxylases from Taxus Suspension Cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2001, 390(2): 265–278.
Jennewein S, Long RM, Williams RM, Croteau R. Cytochrome p450 taxadiene 5alpha-hydroxylase, a mechanistically unusual monooxygenase catalyzing the first oxygenation step of taxol biosynthesis.Chem Biol. 2004,11(3):379-87.
Anne S., Rithner C. D., Williams R. M., Croteau R. B. Molecular cloning of a cytochrome P450 taxane10β-hydroxylase cDNA from Taxus and functional expression in yeast. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2001, 98(4): 1501-1506.
Chau M, Croteau R.Molecular cloning and characterization of a cytochrome P450 taxoid 2alpha-hydroxylase involved in Taxol biosynthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2004,427(1):48-57.
Jennewein S., Rithner C. D., Williams R. M., Croteau R. Taxol biosynthesis: Taxane 13-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase.The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2001,98(24), 13595-13600.
Chau M, Jennewein S, Walker K, Croteau R.Taxol biosynthesis: Molecular cloning and characterization of a cytochrome P450 taxoid 7 beta-hydroxylase.Chem Biol. 2004,11(5):663-72.
Jennewein S, Rithner CD, Williams RM, Croteau R. Taxoid metabolism: Taxoid 14beta-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase.Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003,413(2):262-70.
Walker K, Schoendorf A, Croteau R. Molecular Cloning of a Taxa-4(20),11(12)-dien-5a-ol-OAcetyl Transferase cDNA from Taxus and Functional,Expression in Escherichia coli1.Archives Biochem Biophysics, 2000, 374(2): 371–380.
Walker, K. and Croteau, R. Molecular cloning of a 10-deacetylbaccatin III-10-O-acetyl transferase cDNA from Taxus and functional expression in Escherichia coli. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of
the United States of America. 2000, 97 (2), 583-587.
Walker K. and Croteau R. Taxol biosynthesis: Molecular cloning of a benzoyl- CoA:taxane 2a-O-benzoyltransferase cDNA from Taxus and functional expression in Escherichia coli. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2000, 97: 99164-6340.
Walker K., Fujisaki S., Long R,, and Croteau R, Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of the C-13 phenylpropanoid side chain-CoA acyltransferase that functions in Taxol biosynthesis The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2002 , 99, 12715–12720.
Walker K., Fujisaki S., Long R., Croteau R. The final acylation step in Taxol biosynthesis: Cloning of the taxoid C13-side-chain N-benzoyltransferase from Taxus.The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of American. 2002, 99: 9166-9171.
金冬雁、黎孟枫等译, 侯云德(译). 分子克隆实验指南(第二版). 科学出版社,1996
Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F., Maniatis T. Molecular Clone: a Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1995
颜子颖、王海林译,金东雁校. 精编分子生物学实验指南. 科学出版社,1998.
Ausubel F., Brent R., Kingston R. E., Moore D. D., Seidman J. G., Smith J. A., Struhl K. Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, 3rd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , 1995
Daniel A. A., Gottschling E., Kaiser C., Stearms T. Methods in Yeast Genomics: A Laboratory Course Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1998
刘子铎(译). 酵母遗传学方法实验指南. 科学出版社,2000
Blanchard, L. and Karst, F. Characterization of a lysine-to-glutamic acid mutation in a conservative sequence of farnesyl diphosphate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene. 1993, 125, 185-189.
Cunillera, N., Arró, M., Delourme, D., Karst, F., Boronat, A. and Ferrer, A. Arabidopsis thaliana contains two differentially expressed
farnesyl-diphosphate synthase genes. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1996, 271, 7774-7780.
Cunillera N., Boronat A., Ferrer A. The Arabidopsis thaliana FPS1 Gene Generates a Novel mRNA That Encodes a Mitochondrial Farnesyl-diphosphate Synthase Isoform. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1997, 272(24), 15381–15388.
Jiang Y., Proteau P. Poulter D., Ferro-Novick S. BTS1 Encodes a Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate Synthase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1995, 270(37), 21793–21799.
Gallagher C. E., Cervantes-Cervantes M., Wurtzel E. T. Surrogate biochemistry: use of Escherichia colito identify plant cDNAs that impact metabolic engineering of carotenoid accumulation. Appllied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2003, 60, 713–719
Hundle B., Alberti M., Nievelstein V., Beyer P., Kleinig H., Armstrong G. A., Burke D. H., Hearst J.E. Functional assignment of Erwinia herbicola Eho10 carotenoid genes expressed in Escherichia coli. Molecular and General Genetics. 1994, 245 (4), 406-416.
Vicient, C.M., Delseny, M. Isolation of Total RNA from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds. Analytical Biochemistry 1999, 268, 412-413.
Chomczynski P., Sacchi N. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Analatical Biochemistry. 1987, 162, 156-159.
Tesniere C., Vayda M. E. Method for isolation of high-quality RNA from grape berry tissues without contaminating tannins or carbohydrates. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 1991, 9, 242-251.
Ainsworth, C. Isolation of RNA from floral tissue of Rumex acetosa (Sorrel). Plant Molecular Biology Reporter. 1994, 12, 198-203.
Loomis, W.D. Overcoming problems of phenolics and quinones in the isolation of plant enzymes and organelles. Methods in Enzymology. 1974, 31, 528-544.
Jones, C.S.; Iannetta, P.P.M.; Woodhead, M.; Davies, H.V.; McNicol, R.J.; Taylor, M.A. The isolation of RNA from raspberry (Rubus idaeus) fruit. Molecular Biotechnology. 1997, 8, 219-221.
Goodman J., Walsh V. The Story of Taxol: Nature and Politics in the Pursuit of an Anti- Cancer Drug. 2001, Cambridge University Press.
Schepmann H. G., Pang J. H., Matsuda S. P. T. Cloning and characterization of Ginkgo biloba levopimaradiene synthase which catalyzes the first committed step in ginkgolides biosynthesis. Archieves of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2001, 392, 263-269
Caelles C., Ferrer A., Balcells L., Hegardt F. G., Boronat A. Isolation and structural characterization of a cDNA encoding Arabidopsis thaliana 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Plant Molecular Biology. 1989, 13, 627-38.
Nielsen H., Engelbrecht J., Brunak S., Van Heijne G. Identification of prokaryotic and eukaryotic signal peptides and prediction of their cleavage sites. Protein Engineering. 1997, 10, 1-6.
Combet C., Blanchet C., Geourjon C., Deléage G. NPS@: Network Protein Sequence Analysis. Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 2000, 291, 147-150.
Schwede T., Kopp J., Guex N., Peitsch M. C. SWISS-MODEL: an automated protein homology-modeling server. Nucleic Acids Research. 2003, 31, 3381-3385.
Narita JO, Gruissem W. Tomato hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase is required early in fruit development but not during ripening. Plant Cell. 1989 ,1(2):181-90.
Chye M. L., Kush A., Tan C. T., Chua N. H. Characterization of cDNA and genomic clones encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase from Hevea brasiliensis. Plant Molecular Biology. 1991, 16, 567-577.
Stermer B. A., Bianchini G. M., Korth K. L. Regulation of HMG-CoA reductase activity in plants. Journal of Lipid Research. 1994, 35, 1133-1140.
Zhu Q, Carlsson O, Rippe B. Clearance of tracer albumin from peritoneal cavity to plasma at low intraperitoneal volumes and hydrostatic pressures. Perit Dial Int. 1998,18(5):497-504.
Okada T, Zhang Z, Russell SD, Toriyama K. Localization of the Ca(2+)-binding protein, Bra r 1, in anthers and pollen tubes. Plant Cell Physiol. 1999 ,40(12):1243-52.
Campbell M, Hahn FM, Poulter CD, Leustek T. Analysis of the isopentenyl
diphosphate isomerase gene family from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol. 1998 ,36(2):323-8.
Lange M. B., Rujan T., Martin W., Croteau R. Isoprenoid biosynthesis, The evolution of two ancient and distinct pathways across genomes. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2000, 97, 13172–13177
Suire C., Bouvier F., Backhaus R. A., Bégu D., Bonneu M., Camara B. Cellular Localization of Isoprenoid Biosynthetic Enzymes in Marchantia polymorpha. Uncovering a New Role of Oil Bodies. Plant Physiology. 2000, 24, 971–978.
Kuzuyama T, Takagi M, Takahashi S, Seto H. Cloning and characterization of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase from Streptomyces sp. Strain CL190, which uses both the mevalonate and nonmevalonate pathways for isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis. J Bacteriol. 2000 ,182(4):891-7.
Hahn F. M., Eubanks L., Teata C. A., Blagg B. J., Baker J. A., Poulter C. D. 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose 5-Phosphate Synthase, the Gene Product of Open Reading Frame (ORF) 2816 and ORF 2895 in Rhodobacter capsulatus. Journal of Bacteriology. 2001, 183(1), 1–11.
Krushkala J., Pistillib M., Ferrellb K. M., Souretb F. F., Weathersb P. J. Computational analysis of the evolution of the structure and function of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, a key regulator of the mevalonate-independent pathway in plants. Gene. 2003, 313, 127–138.
Chain P., Lamerdin J., Larimer F., Regala W., Land M., Hauser L., Hooper A., Klotz M., Norton J., Sayavedra-Soto L., Arciero D., Hommes N., Whittaker M.,Arp D. Complete Genome Sequence of the Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium and Obligate Chemolithoautotroph Nitrosomonas europaea. Journal of Bacteriology. 2003, 185 (9), 2759-2773.
Martin V. J. J., Pitera D. J., Withers S. T., Newman J. D., Keasling J. D. Engineering a mevalonate pathway in Escherichia coli for production of terpenoids. Nature Biotechnology. 2003, 21, 796-802.
Emanuelsson O., Nielsen H., Brunak S., von Heijne G. Predicting subcellular localization of proteins based on their N-terminal amino acid sequence. Journal of Molecular Biology. 2000, 300, 1005-1016.
Altincicek B, Hintz M, Sanderbrand S, Wiesner J, Beck E, Jomaa H.Tools for discovery of inhibitors of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) synthase a nd DXP reductoisomerase: an approach with enzymes from the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2000 ,190(2):329-33.
Reuter K, Sanderbrand S, Jomaa H, Wiesner J, Steinbrecher I, Beck E, Hintz M, Klebe G, Stubbs MT.Cryst al structure of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase, a crucial enzyme in the non-mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 2002, 277(7):5378-84
Bilia, A. R. Ginkgo biloba L. Fitoterapia. 2002, 73, 276-279.
Miller, H. I. The Story of Taxol: Nature and Politics in the Pursuit of an Anti-Cancer Drug. Nature. 2001, 7, 148.
Chen Y, Zhu SM, Chen HY. Progress in studies on the artemisinin (qinghaosu)-type antimalarials. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1998;33(3):234-9.
Chun, P. L. and Larkins, B. A. Identification of a maize endosperm-specific cDNA encoding farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. Gene. 1996, 171, 193-196.
Matsushita, Y., Kang, W. K. and Charlwood, B. V. Cloning and analysis of a cDNA encoding farnesyl diphosphate Synthase from Artemisia annua. Gene. 1996, 172, 207-209.
Liu, C. J., Heinstein, P. and Chen, X. Y. Expression pattern of genes encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase and sesquiterpene cyclase in cotton suspension-cultured cells treated with fungal elicitors, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 1999, 12, 1095-1104.
Ohnuma, S. I., Hirooka, K., Hemmi, H., Ishida, C., Ohto, C. and Nishino, T. Conversion of product specificity of archaebacterial geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1996, 271, 18831-18837.
Chen, A. J., Kroon, P. A. and Poulter, C. D. Isoprenyl diphosphate synthases: protein sequence comparisons, a phylogenetic tree, and predictions of secondary structure. Protein Science. 1994, 3, 600-3607.
Tarshis, L. C., Proteau, P. J., Kellogg, B. A., Sacchettini, J. C. and Poulter C. D. Regulation of product chain length by isoprenyl diphosphate synthases.
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1996, 93, 15018-15023.
Montalvetti A, Fernandez A, Sanders JM, Ghosh S, Van Brussel E, Oldfield E, Docampo R. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase is an essential enzyme in Trypanosoma brucei. In vitro RNA interference and in vivo inhibition studies. J Biol Chem. 2003 ,278(19):17075-83.
Jiang F, Yang L, Cai X, Cyriac J, Shechter I, Wang Z. Farnesyl diphosphate synthase is abundantly expressed and regulated by androgen in rat prostatic epithelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2001,78(2):123-30
Sanmiya K, Iwasaki T, Matsuoka M, Miyao M, Yamamoto N. Cloning of a cDNA that encodes farnesyl diphosphate synthase and the blue-light-induced expression of the corresponding gene in the leaves of rice plants. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997,1350(3):240-6.
Pasquali G., Erven A. S. W., Ouwerkerk P. B. F., Menke F. L. H., Memelink J. The promoter of the strictosidine synthase gene from periwinkle confers elicitor-inducible expression in transgenic tobacco and binds nuclear factors GT-1 and GBF. Plant Molecular Biology. 1999, 39, 1299–1310.
Ashby M. N. and Edwards P.A. Elucidation of the deficiency in two yeast coenzyme Q mutants. Characterization of the structural gene encoding hexaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1990, 265, 13157-13164.