聚丙烯酰胺系树脂吸湿性功能研究
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摘要
有机高分子吸湿材料是新型的功能高分子材料,它最初是由高吸水性树脂发展而产生的。它具有优异的吸湿、保湿性能,是一种经过化学与物理方法改性的水性树脂,以分子中的亲水基团来吸收水分。本文以丙烯酰胺为主要原料,合成了PAM树脂、P(AA-AM)树脂、P(MAA-AA-AM)树脂以及PAM/U复合材料、P(AA-AM)/U复合材料和P(MAA-AA-AM)/U复合材料。研究了反应条件对吸湿材料吸湿性能的影响;采用正交试验决定了最佳反应条件及影响吸湿性能的主要因素;采用FT-IR、SEM分析了聚合物的组成及其微观结构。
Organic moisture absorbent is a new type of functional hygroscopic material due to their excellent moisture absorption and retention property. The resins, modified by chemical and physical modification, have a water-absorbent property by hydrophilic groups. In this paper, Polyacrylamide, Poly [acrylate-co-acrylamide], Poly [methacrylate-co-acrylate-co-acrylamide] and their composite materials with urea were be made with acrylamide, acrylate and methacrylate as monomers. The factors relating to the properties of moisture absorption, such as monomer concentration, dosage of initiator, reaction temperature and so on, were investigated systematically. The best reaction condition and the sequence of the factors influencing on hygroscopicity were based on the orthogonal experiment design. The mathematical correlation on various factors and moisture absorbency was obtained based on the multiple regression analysis. The composition and microstructure of polymer were described by means of infrared spectrum analysis and SEM analysis.
Polyacrylamide and Polyacrylamide /Urea were synthesized with acrylamide as monomer by means of aqueous solution polymerization. The factors relating to the properties of moisture absorption, such as monomer concentration, dosage of initiator, crossing-linking agent concentration, reaction temperature and dosage of urea, were investigated systematically. The optimal synthesis conditions were as following: the monomer concentration, the crossing-linking agent concentration and the reaction temperature were respectively 26%, 0.12% and 50℃. Besides, the optimal dosage of urea was 30%.
The result showed that the moisture absorption capacity of PAM is higher than the molecular sieve’s and silica gel’s under the condition of 25℃and RH=90%. Besides the moisture absorption capacity and the moisture absorption rate of PAM/U were higher than PAM cause of the urea attending. The reason was urea wrinkled surface area of polymer, which increased the effective surface area and then improved the moisture absorption rate. But the extra dosage of urea would lower the molecular weight of polymer.
Poly [acrylate-co-acrylamide] and Poly [acrylate-co-acrylamide]/Urea were synthesized with acrylamide and acrylate as monomer by means of aqueous solution polymerization. The factors relating to the properties of moisture absorption, such as monomer concentration, dosage of initiator, crossing-linking agent concentration, monomer ratio, reaction temperature and dosage of urea, were investigated systematically. The max moisture absorbency of polymer reached 1.05g/g under the condition of 25℃and RH=90%. Also the results showed that the moisture-absorbing rate was very slow under low humidity. The moisture absorbency under relative humidity of 90% was ten times of that under relative humidity of 40%. And also the Infrared Spectroscopy confirmed the existence of the copolymer.
The moisture content intuitive analysis table indicated the sequence of the factors influencing on hygroscopicity was shown as follows: monomer concentration> reaction temperature>AM concentration> crossing-linking agent concentration> dosage of urea> dosage of initiator.
When the AM concentration was 100%, monomer concentration was18%, crossing-linking agent concentration was 0.22%, initiator agent concentration was 0.15%, urea concentration was 20% and the reaction temperature was 45oC, the max moisture absorbency was 1.05%.
The mathematical correlation on various factors and moisture absorbency was obtained based on the multiple regression analysis: Y=a0+a1[N]2+a2[M]+a3[C]3+a4ln[I]+a5[U]+a6[T]3
In which a0=1.351,a1=0.00000783,a2=-0.0259, a3=9.065, a4=0.0825, a5=0.00252, a6=0.0000007.
The results of SEM showed that P(AA-AM)/U had a lot of micropore structure, which was produced by decomposition of urea. NH3 and CO2 were originated from the decomposed urea, played a role in pore making agent. And the result showed the dosage of urea and drying temperature impacted the moisture absorbing ability. The optimal conditions were the urea concentration was 20%-30% and the drying temperature was 120oC. There were two main reasons of moisture absorption property of P(AA-AM)/U better than P(AA-AM). Firstly, decomposition of urea produced pores, which increased the effective surface area and improved the moisture absorption rate. Secondly, urea was not only the pore agent, but also participated in reaction. A new hydrophilic group -N=C=O was generated.
Poly [methacrylate-co-acrylate-co-acrylamide] and Poly [methacrylate-co-acrylate-co-acrylamide]/Urea were synthesized with methacrylate, acrylamide and acrylate as monomer by means of aqueous solution polymerization. The factors relating to the properties of moisture absorption, such as monomer concentration, dosage of initiator, crossing-linking agent concentration, monomer ratio and dosage of urea, were investigated systematically. The max moisture absorbency of polymer reached 0.885g/g under the condition of 25℃and RH=90%. Also the optimal monomer ratio was R(mMAA:mAA:mAM)=2:1:1. And the optimal urea concentration was 30%.
Organic moisture absorbent is a new type of functional hygroscopic material due to their excellent moisture absorption and retention property. The resins, modified by chemical and physical modification, have a water-absorbent property by hydrophilic groups. In this paper, Polyacrylamide, Poly [acrylate-co-acrylamide], Poly [methacrylate-co-acrylate-co-acrylamide] and their composite materials with urea were be made with acrylamide, acrylate and methacrylate as monomers. The factors relating to the properties of moisture absorption, such as monomer concentration, dosage of initiator, reaction temperature and so on, were investigated systematically. The best reaction condition and the sequence of the factors influencing on hygroscopicity were based on the orthogonal experiment design. The mathematical correlation on various factors and moisture absorbency was obtained based on the multiple regression analysis. The composition and microstructure of polymer were described by means of infrared spectrum analysis and SEM analysis.
Polyacrylamide and Polyacrylamide /Urea were synthesized with acrylamide as monomer by means of aqueous solution polymerization. The factors relating to the properties of moisture absorption, such as monomer concentration, dosage of initiator, crossing-linking agent concentration, reaction temperature and dosage of urea, were investigated systematically. The optimal synthesis conditions were as following: the monomer concentration, the crossing-linking agent concentration and the reaction temperature were respectively 26%, 0.12% and 50℃. Besides, the optimal dosage of urea was 30%.
The result showed that the moisture absorption capacity of PAM is higher than the molecular sieve’s and silica gel’s under the condition of 25℃and RH=90%. Besides the moisture absorption capacity and the moisture absorption rate of PAM/U were higher than PAM cause of the urea attending. The reason was urea wrinkled surface area of polymer, which increased the effective surface area and then improved the moisture absorption rate. But the extra dosage of urea would lower the molecular weight of polymer.
Poly [acrylate-co-acrylamide] and Poly [acrylate-co-acrylamide]/Urea were synthesized with acrylamide and acrylate as monomer by means of aqueous solution polymerization. The factors relating to the properties of moisture absorption, such as monomer concentration, dosage of initiator, crossing-linking agent concentration, monomer ratio, reaction temperature and dosage of urea, were investigated systematically. The max moisture absorbency of polymer reached 1.05g/g under the condition of 25℃and RH=90%. Also the results showed that the moisture-absorbing rate was very slow under low humidity. The moisture absorbency under relative humidity of 90% was ten times of that under relative humidity of 40%. And also the Infrared Spectroscopy confirmed the existence of the copolymer.
The moisture content intuitive analysis table indicated the sequence of the factors influencing on hygroscopicity was shown as follows: monomer concentration> reaction temperature>AM concentration> crossing-linking agent concentration> dosage of urea> dosage of initiator.
When the AM concentration was 100%, monomer concentration was18%, crossing-linking agent concentration was 0.22%, initiator agent concentration was 0.15%, urea concentration was 20% and the reaction temperature was 45oC, the max moisture absorbency was 1.05%.
The mathematical correlation on various factors and moisture absorbency was obtained based on the multiple regression analysis: Y=a0+a1[N]2+a2[M]+a3[C]3+a4ln[I]+a5[U]+a6[T]3
In which a0=1.351,a1=0.00000783,a2=-0.0259, a3=9.065, a4=0.0825, a5=0.00252, a6=0.0000007.
The results of SEM showed that P(AA-AM)/U had a lot of micropore structure, which was produced by decomposition of urea. NH3 and CO2 were originated from the decomposed urea, played a role in pore making agent. And the result showed the dosage of urea and drying temperature impacted the moisture absorbing ability. The optimal conditions were the urea concentration was 20%-30% and the drying temperature was 120oC. There were two main reasons of moisture absorption property of P(AA-AM)/U better than P(AA-AM). Firstly, decomposition of urea produced pores, which increased the effective surface area and improved the moisture absorption rate. Secondly, urea was not only the pore agent, but also participated in reaction. A new hydrophilic group -N=C=O was generated.
Poly [methacrylate-co-acrylate-co-acrylamide] and Poly [methacrylate-co-acrylate-co-acrylamide]/Urea were synthesized with methacrylate, acrylamide and acrylate as monomer by means of aqueous solution polymerization. The factors relating to the properties of moisture absorption, such as monomer concentration, dosage of initiator, crossing-linking agent concentration, monomer ratio and dosage of urea, were investigated systematically. The max moisture absorbency of polymer reached 0.885g/g under the condition of 25℃and RH=90%. Also the optimal monomer ratio was R(mMAA:mAA:mAM)=2:1:1. And the optimal urea concentration was 30%.
引文
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[2] LG BERGLUND..Comfort and humidity [J]. ASHRAE Journal, 1998(8) :35～41.
[3]张冬梅.浅谈气象环境对人体健康的影响[J].内蒙古科技与经济, 2007(21):44
[4]周祖康,胶体化学基础[M],北京:北京大学出版社,1987
[5]李云开,杨培岭,刘洪禄.保水剂农业应用及其效应研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2002,2(18):182-187.
[6]邹新禧.两性淀粉螯合剂吸附性能的研究[J].功能高分子学报,1996,9(3):468-474.
[7] DATA M, SUMIYA T, PEARL A. EP Patent,69 618 005, 1994-03-25
[8] TANAKA T. JP Patent, 60 163 404,1985 -04-18
[9]万震,刘嵩,陈小利.高亲水棉织物[J].广西纺织科技, 2001, 30(2):43
[10] CRAWSHAW J P, HILLS J H.Experimental determination of binary sorption and desorption kinetics for the system ethanol, water, and maize at 90 [J].Ind Eng Chem Rcs,1992,31:887-892.
[11] MICHAEL R.L. Biobased adsorbents for drying of gases [J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 1997,20:162-164.
[12] KYLE E. B, MICHAEL. R. L. Chenisty and properties of starch based desiccants[J]. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2001, 28:573-581
[13]王航,黄立新,高群玉,余若黔.多孔淀粉的研究进展[J].精细化工,2002,19:101-104
[14]李鑫,李忠,韦利飞,等.除湿材料研究进展[J].化工进展,2004,23(8):881-884
[15] M.R.LADISCH. Biobased adsorbents for drying of gases[J], Enzyme Microbial Tech, 20(3),1997:162-164.
[16]周莉.从鱿鱼软骨提取β-甲壳质及其结构表征与应用性能[J],精细化工,20(1),2003:8-10
[17] J. KHEDARI, R. RAWANGKUL, W. CHIMCHAVEE. Feasibility study of using agriculture waste asdesiccant for air conditioning system[J]. Renewable energy, 28(10),2003:1617-1628
[18]ポリマ一ダィジェス卜(日),2002;54(12):15
[19]木下直之.高吸放湿尼龙Quup的特性与开发[J].国外纺织技术,2001,(11):12
[20]李万芬,汪超,陈国锋,等.魔芋葡甘聚糖接枝丙烯酸共聚物超强吸湿剂的扩散吸湿特性研究[J].材料科学与工程学报,2007,25(2):276-280
[21] RYOSUKE NISHIDA,OKU-GUN.Moisture-absorbing and desorbing polymer and compositions derived therefrom [P]. US:6429265, 2002.
[22] L. CHEN, S. H. GORDON,S. H. IMAM. Starch Graft Poly(methyl acrylate) Loose-Fill Foam: Preparation[J]. Properties and Degradation Biomacromolecules, 2004, 5:238-244
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