滚筒洗衣机噪声控制研究
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摘要
在环境保护意识逐渐增强的现在,噪声作为一种污染源已经引起了人们的高度重视,大多数使用者对洗衣机的要求已不仅仅是洗涤衣物,而且要求洗衣机能够做到小振动低噪声的静音洗涤。本研究针对某滚筒洗衣机的振动噪声较大的现象,对该洗衣机进行了测试分析和减振降噪的研究。
首先根据国家标准GB/T4288—2003《家用电动洗衣机》噪声测试方法对洗衣机进行振动噪声测试,测得洗衣机脱水时的声功率级,分析其振动频谱和噪声频谱,在此基础上识别洗衣机主要的振动噪声源。再根据国家标准GB/T10069《旋转电机噪声测定方法及限值》测定本洗衣机配用电机的噪声,并分析影响电机噪声的主要因素,提出改进思路。
为了弄清该洗衣机的固有特性,对洗衣机箱体进行了试验模态分析,识别出其箱体的振动模态参数,同时利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立箱体有限元模型,对其进行了计算模态分析。将计算结果与试验结果相比较,验证了有限元模的正确性。
依据模态分析的结果,对洗衣机箱体进行模拟改进,通过建立有限元模型进行谐响应分析,证明提高箱体刚度可以收到减振效果。最后用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对电机端盖以及内筒底部支架处产生的气流噪声进行了仿真分析,并依据分析结果提出了改进方案。
As a source of pollution, noise has attracted people much more attention when people were more and more care of environment protection. Most people's requirement for washing machine is not only washing clothes, but also hope that they can work with little noise and vibration. The noise and vibration of some rolling washing machine is severe, so we make some measurement and analysis to decrease the noise and vibration on it.
At first, according to the national standards of GB/T4288-2003《household electric washing machines》, noise and vibration of the automatic rolling washing machine were tested, its sound power level was measured when the washing machine was working on dehydrating, its noise and vibration spectra were obtained, and its main sources of noise and vibration were identified. In addition, According to the test standards of GB/T10069《The testing method and limit value of rolling electrical motor》, the noise of the electrical motor, which is used in the rolling washing machine, was measured also. The main factors that affected the noise of the electrical motor were analyzed. Based on the works above, some advices were presented in order to decrease its noise.
In order to obtain the intrinsic characteristic of the rolling washing machine cabinet, an experimental modal analysis on the rolling washing machine cabinet was performed. Then the modal parameters were identified. At the same time, a finite element model of the cabinet was established by finite element analysis software ANSYS to analyze the modal calculation. The results from test and calculation are in good agreement each other, which indicate that the finite element model established is correct.
Based on the modal analysis results above, some simulating improvements on the cabinet were conducted. The vibration response analysis was performed by establishing finite element model, increasing its rigidity was proved an effective measurement for decreasing the cabinet vibration. At last, a simulating analysis of aerodynamic noise around the string and the end cover of the electrical motor were conducted by the computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT. Based on the computational results above, some suggestions were expounded to diminish the aerodynamic noise.
首先根据国家标准GB/T4288—2003《家用电动洗衣机》噪声测试方法对洗衣机进行振动噪声测试,测得洗衣机脱水时的声功率级,分析其振动频谱和噪声频谱,在此基础上识别洗衣机主要的振动噪声源。再根据国家标准GB/T10069《旋转电机噪声测定方法及限值》测定本洗衣机配用电机的噪声,并分析影响电机噪声的主要因素,提出改进思路。
为了弄清该洗衣机的固有特性,对洗衣机箱体进行了试验模态分析,识别出其箱体的振动模态参数,同时利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS建立箱体有限元模型,对其进行了计算模态分析。将计算结果与试验结果相比较,验证了有限元模的正确性。
依据模态分析的结果,对洗衣机箱体进行模拟改进,通过建立有限元模型进行谐响应分析,证明提高箱体刚度可以收到减振效果。最后用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对电机端盖以及内筒底部支架处产生的气流噪声进行了仿真分析,并依据分析结果提出了改进方案。
As a source of pollution, noise has attracted people much more attention when people were more and more care of environment protection. Most people's requirement for washing machine is not only washing clothes, but also hope that they can work with little noise and vibration. The noise and vibration of some rolling washing machine is severe, so we make some measurement and analysis to decrease the noise and vibration on it.
At first, according to the national standards of GB/T4288-2003《household electric washing machines》, noise and vibration of the automatic rolling washing machine were tested, its sound power level was measured when the washing machine was working on dehydrating, its noise and vibration spectra were obtained, and its main sources of noise and vibration were identified. In addition, According to the test standards of GB/T10069《The testing method and limit value of rolling electrical motor》, the noise of the electrical motor, which is used in the rolling washing machine, was measured also. The main factors that affected the noise of the electrical motor were analyzed. Based on the works above, some advices were presented in order to decrease its noise.
In order to obtain the intrinsic characteristic of the rolling washing machine cabinet, an experimental modal analysis on the rolling washing machine cabinet was performed. Then the modal parameters were identified. At the same time, a finite element model of the cabinet was established by finite element analysis software ANSYS to analyze the modal calculation. The results from test and calculation are in good agreement each other, which indicate that the finite element model established is correct.
Based on the modal analysis results above, some simulating improvements on the cabinet were conducted. The vibration response analysis was performed by establishing finite element model, increasing its rigidity was proved an effective measurement for decreasing the cabinet vibration. At last, a simulating analysis of aerodynamic noise around the string and the end cover of the electrical motor were conducted by the computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT. Based on the computational results above, some suggestions were expounded to diminish the aerodynamic noise.
引文
[1]潘元明.洗衣机噪声及降噪措施[J].家电科技,1999(10):24-24
[2]邓寅喆,陈慧宝.全自动洗衣机的噪声控制研究[J].噪声与振动控制,2001(4):44-48
[3]镡丹中.全自动洗衣机的减振降噪技术[J].降噪专辑,2000(28):38-40
[4]陈晓春.洗衣机箱体结构动态分析[D].无锡轻工大学硕士论文.2000.6
[5]林耕,李德葆,张元润,阎东鹏.滚筒式洗衣机隔振系统刚度矩阵的计算[J].力学实践,1995,3(17):22-24
[6]Bagepalli,B.S.Dynamic Modeling of Washing Machine Suspension Systems.ASME 11th Biannual Conference of Mechanical Vibrations and Noise,Massach,September.1987,27-30.
[7]Zuoxin,P,A Study of the Vibration of a Fully Automatic Washer and the Optimizing of the Structure Parameters.Proc.42nd Annual International Appliance Technical Conference,University of Wisconsin,Madison,May,1991,545-556.
[8]Kiray B,Turkay O S,Tugcu A.K.and Sumer,I.T,Suspension design optimization of a washing machine:Part Ⅰ-Modeling and validation results.Proc.ASME advances in design automation conference,Albuquerque,New Mexico,Sept.1993,19-22,DE-Vol165-1:125-132
[9]Conrad,D.C.,and Soedel,W..On the Problem of Oscillatory Walk of Automatic Washing Machine.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1995(3),Vol188:301-314
[10]陈忠,邵汝椿,林颖,黄镇昌.滚筒洗衣机噪声和振动控制的研究[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),1997,25(10):78-82
[11]李志远,刘正士.洗衣机机洗涤噪声的测量方法的探讨[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),1997(9):32-36
[12]顾乾坤,张世平,李才友,琚晶森.小振动低噪声洗衣机的开发.噪声与振动控制,2003,23(5):42-44
[13]刘春生,李子军,董国休.常见的洗农机噪声及改进方法[J].家用电器,2002(2):28-28
[14]许颖,姚秋平,时根火.混响室法校准标准声源声功率级不确定度评定[J].电声技术,2002(05):63-66
[15]振动与冲击手册编辑委员会.振动与冲击手册,第一卷 基本理论和分析方法[M],1988
[16]国家标准GB/T4288--2003.家用电动洗衣机[s],2003.北京:国家标准出版社
[17]王爱玲,王军华.电机噪声分析与降噪措施[J].平顶山工学院学报,2005,14(3):51-52
[18]张敬宇,李璋.电机噪声的测试及评估方法[J].黑龙江环境通报,2006,30(4):88- 89
[19]Grgis R.S,Verma S P.Method for accurate determination resonant frequencies and vibration behavior of stators of electrical machines.IEE Proc.1981,118B(1):1-11
[20]王再宙,宋强,张承宁.电动汽车用电机噪声分析和降噪方法初探[J].微电机,2006,39(7):62-64
[21]陈汉汛,孟丽君,赵雷刚.车用微电机噪声分析[J].微电机,2006,40(3),61-63
[22]国家标准GB/T10069-2006《旋转电机噪声测定方法及限值 第一部分:旋转电机噪声测定方法》.北京:国家标准出版社
[23]Sadettin Orhan.Analysis of free and forced vibration of a cracked cantilever beam.NDT & E International,Volume 40,Issue 6,September 2007,Pages 443-450
[24]沃德·海伦,斯蒂芬·拉门兹.模态分析理论与试验[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001,6
[25]Christof Devriendt and Patrick Guillaume.The use of transmissibility measurements in output-only modal analysis.Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,Volume 21,Issue 7,October2007,2689-2696
[26]朱静,左言言,吴爽,拱建海,许云.轻型客车车身的有限元模态分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2004,25(2):23-25
[27]段敏,石晶,庞华廷.CY4102BZQ柴油机箱体模态分析[J].机床与液压,2005(3):103-104
[28]博嘉科技.有限元分析软件-ANSYS融会与贯通[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[29]朱兴兵 摩托车车架的静动态特性研究[D].西安交通大学硕士论文,2003.11
[30]刘国庆,杨庆东.ANSYS工程应用教程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[31]倪栋,段进等.通用有限元分析ANSYS7.0实例精解[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[32]朱才朝,秦大同.车身结构振动与车内噪声声场耦合分析与控制[J].机械工程学报,2002(8):54-58
[33]刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002。
[34]Bath K J,Wilson EL.Numerical Methods in Finite Element Analysis[M],Prentice-Hall lnc,1976
[35]Klosterman,A.L.,A Combined Experimental and Analytical Procedure for Improving Automotive System Dynamics.[J],SAE Transactions,1976,Vol.81,paper No.760183,843-856,
[36]左言言,申秀敏,刘海波.滚筒洗衣机箱体动态特性分析[J].噪声与振动控制2007,27(3):55-58
[37]曹妍妍,赵登峰.有限元模态分析理论及其应用[J].机械工程与自动化,2006(1):73-74
[38]Ansys Inc.《Ansys Tutorials for release8.1》SAS IP Inc.2003
[39]ANSYS10.0 Help Document,ANSYS Inc.,2003
[40]Cuneyt Oysu.Finite element and boundary element contact stress analysis with remeshing technique.Applied Mathematical Modeling,Volume 31,Issue 12,December 2007,2744-2753
[41]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[42]嘉禾工作室.ANSYS5.7有限元实例分析教程[M].第一版.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[43]雷景峰.应用Fluent软件进行堰式溢流井的三维模拟计算[D].同济大学硕士论文,2005.3
[44]王小芳.基于FLUENT的污水处理厂静态混合器的研究[D].华东理工大学硕士论文,2005.1
[45]曹国强,梁冰,包明宇.基于FLUENT的叶轮机械三维紊流流场数值模拟[J].机械设计与制造,2005(8),22-24
[46]Harwood and Saul.The influence of CSO chamber size on particle retention efficient performance.Proceedings of the 8th ICUSD,30Aug.-3Sept(1999),Sydney,Australia:1-9
[47]胡玉仙.基于FLUENT软件的泵站进出水流道流动模拟研究[D].武汉大学硕士论文,2004.1
[48]李晟.基于FLUENT软件的轴流风机设计初步研究[D].西北工业大学硕士论文,2004.1
[49]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.流体工程仿真计算机模拟与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004,6
[50]谭孔庚,梁荫.气流噪声治理及设计[J].四川环境,2000,19(1):38-41
[51]吕进,徐远鹏.主汽管噪声原因分析及处理对策[J].华北电力技术,2006(8):52-54
[52]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2004
[53]K.Pianthong,W.Seehanam,M.Behnia,T.Sriveerakul and S.Aphornratana.Investigation and improvement of ejector refrigeration system using computational fluid dynamics technique.Energy Conversion and Management,Volume 48,Issue 9,September 2007,2556-2564
[2]邓寅喆,陈慧宝.全自动洗衣机的噪声控制研究[J].噪声与振动控制,2001(4):44-48
[3]镡丹中.全自动洗衣机的减振降噪技术[J].降噪专辑,2000(28):38-40
[4]陈晓春.洗衣机箱体结构动态分析[D].无锡轻工大学硕士论文.2000.6
[5]林耕,李德葆,张元润,阎东鹏.滚筒式洗衣机隔振系统刚度矩阵的计算[J].力学实践,1995,3(17):22-24
[6]Bagepalli,B.S.Dynamic Modeling of Washing Machine Suspension Systems.ASME 11th Biannual Conference of Mechanical Vibrations and Noise,Massach,September.1987,27-30.
[7]Zuoxin,P,A Study of the Vibration of a Fully Automatic Washer and the Optimizing of the Structure Parameters.Proc.42nd Annual International Appliance Technical Conference,University of Wisconsin,Madison,May,1991,545-556.
[8]Kiray B,Turkay O S,Tugcu A.K.and Sumer,I.T,Suspension design optimization of a washing machine:Part Ⅰ-Modeling and validation results.Proc.ASME advances in design automation conference,Albuquerque,New Mexico,Sept.1993,19-22,DE-Vol165-1:125-132
[9]Conrad,D.C.,and Soedel,W..On the Problem of Oscillatory Walk of Automatic Washing Machine.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1995(3),Vol188:301-314
[10]陈忠,邵汝椿,林颖,黄镇昌.滚筒洗衣机噪声和振动控制的研究[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),1997,25(10):78-82
[11]李志远,刘正士.洗衣机机洗涤噪声的测量方法的探讨[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),1997(9):32-36
[12]顾乾坤,张世平,李才友,琚晶森.小振动低噪声洗衣机的开发.噪声与振动控制,2003,23(5):42-44
[13]刘春生,李子军,董国休.常见的洗农机噪声及改进方法[J].家用电器,2002(2):28-28
[14]许颖,姚秋平,时根火.混响室法校准标准声源声功率级不确定度评定[J].电声技术,2002(05):63-66
[15]振动与冲击手册编辑委员会.振动与冲击手册,第一卷 基本理论和分析方法[M],1988
[16]国家标准GB/T4288--2003.家用电动洗衣机[s],2003.北京:国家标准出版社
[17]王爱玲,王军华.电机噪声分析与降噪措施[J].平顶山工学院学报,2005,14(3):51-52
[18]张敬宇,李璋.电机噪声的测试及评估方法[J].黑龙江环境通报,2006,30(4):88- 89
[19]Grgis R.S,Verma S P.Method for accurate determination resonant frequencies and vibration behavior of stators of electrical machines.IEE Proc.1981,118B(1):1-11
[20]王再宙,宋强,张承宁.电动汽车用电机噪声分析和降噪方法初探[J].微电机,2006,39(7):62-64
[21]陈汉汛,孟丽君,赵雷刚.车用微电机噪声分析[J].微电机,2006,40(3),61-63
[22]国家标准GB/T10069-2006《旋转电机噪声测定方法及限值 第一部分:旋转电机噪声测定方法》.北京:国家标准出版社
[23]Sadettin Orhan.Analysis of free and forced vibration of a cracked cantilever beam.NDT & E International,Volume 40,Issue 6,September 2007,Pages 443-450
[24]沃德·海伦,斯蒂芬·拉门兹.模态分析理论与试验[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001,6
[25]Christof Devriendt and Patrick Guillaume.The use of transmissibility measurements in output-only modal analysis.Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,Volume 21,Issue 7,October2007,2689-2696
[26]朱静,左言言,吴爽,拱建海,许云.轻型客车车身的有限元模态分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2004,25(2):23-25
[27]段敏,石晶,庞华廷.CY4102BZQ柴油机箱体模态分析[J].机床与液压,2005(3):103-104
[28]博嘉科技.有限元分析软件-ANSYS融会与贯通[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002
[29]朱兴兵 摩托车车架的静动态特性研究[D].西安交通大学硕士论文,2003.11
[30]刘国庆,杨庆东.ANSYS工程应用教程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[31]倪栋,段进等.通用有限元分析ANSYS7.0实例精解[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[32]朱才朝,秦大同.车身结构振动与车内噪声声场耦合分析与控制[J].机械工程学报,2002(8):54-58
[33]刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002。
[34]Bath K J,Wilson EL.Numerical Methods in Finite Element Analysis[M],Prentice-Hall lnc,1976
[35]Klosterman,A.L.,A Combined Experimental and Analytical Procedure for Improving Automotive System Dynamics.[J],SAE Transactions,1976,Vol.81,paper No.760183,843-856,
[36]左言言,申秀敏,刘海波.滚筒洗衣机箱体动态特性分析[J].噪声与振动控制2007,27(3):55-58
[37]曹妍妍,赵登峰.有限元模态分析理论及其应用[J].机械工程与自动化,2006(1):73-74
[38]Ansys Inc.《Ansys Tutorials for release8.1》SAS IP Inc.2003
[39]ANSYS10.0 Help Document,ANSYS Inc.,2003
[40]Cuneyt Oysu.Finite element and boundary element contact stress analysis with remeshing technique.Applied Mathematical Modeling,Volume 31,Issue 12,December 2007,2744-2753
[41]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[42]嘉禾工作室.ANSYS5.7有限元实例分析教程[M].第一版.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[43]雷景峰.应用Fluent软件进行堰式溢流井的三维模拟计算[D].同济大学硕士论文,2005.3
[44]王小芳.基于FLUENT的污水处理厂静态混合器的研究[D].华东理工大学硕士论文,2005.1
[45]曹国强,梁冰,包明宇.基于FLUENT的叶轮机械三维紊流流场数值模拟[J].机械设计与制造,2005(8),22-24
[46]Harwood and Saul.The influence of CSO chamber size on particle retention efficient performance.Proceedings of the 8th ICUSD,30Aug.-3Sept(1999),Sydney,Australia:1-9
[47]胡玉仙.基于FLUENT软件的泵站进出水流道流动模拟研究[D].武汉大学硕士论文,2004.1
[48]李晟.基于FLUENT软件的轴流风机设计初步研究[D].西北工业大学硕士论文,2004.1
[49]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平.流体工程仿真计算机模拟与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004,6
[50]谭孔庚,梁荫.气流噪声治理及设计[J].四川环境,2000,19(1):38-41
[51]吕进,徐远鹏.主汽管噪声原因分析及处理对策[J].华北电力技术,2006(8):52-54
[52]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2004
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