Pd-CZ-Al_2O_3模型催化剂的动态储放氧与三效催化性能研究
|
摘要
铈锆固溶体储氧材料作为国Ⅲ/国Ⅳ汽车尾气催化剂的重要组成部分,能够拓宽三效催化剂的空燃比窗口,削弱空燃比振荡对三效催化性能的影响。本文以铈锆固溶体、贵金属与氧化铝三者的相互作用为研究体系,动态储放氧为研究手段,研究了铈锆固溶体、贵金属与氧化铝三者协同作用对动态储氧性能和三效催化性能的影响规律,为国Ⅲ/国Ⅳ催化剂的研发提供基础数据。
考察了铈锆固溶体组成、比表面积和碱土元素掺杂对动态储氧性能和总储氧性能的影响;成功开发了电子顺磁共振测试原位反应器以及用于铈锆储氧材料性能测试的“原位顺磁共振”技术。结果表明:铈锆固溶体的动态储氧量及储氧速率与铈锆固溶体的比表面积、铈含量成正比,碱土元素掺杂提高了动态储氧性能;总储氧性能与结构中氧空位数量成正比。原位顺磁结果表明体相中氧空位浓度受铈锆组成的影响,与氧迁移性能成正比。
通过将贵金属Pd负载至铈锆固溶体,研究Pd烧结与铈锆晶粒烧结对动态储氧性能和总储氧性能的影响。结果表明:小于10%～12%还原度以及低于450～500℃时,贵金属负载提高了铈锆固溶体的动态储氧量和动态储氧速率。与铈锆晶粒烧结相比,贵金属烧结引起的Pd-(Ce, Zr)Ox界面烧结是降低动态储氧性能的主要原因。
采用前驱盐溶液混合、沉淀前驱物混合以及粉末机械混合方式,考察了铈锆固溶体与氧化铝相互作用对材料热稳定性和动态储氧性能的影响。结果表明:铈锆固溶体与氧化铝的混合尺度是影响材料性能的主要因素,小尺度混合提高了铈锆晶粒的分散程度,提高了材料的动态储氧性能;铈锆晶粒及Ce3+在氧化铝的表面改性提高了材料的热稳定性。
通过优化贵金属分布的负载工艺研究,将贵金属Pd负载到铈锆固溶体-氧化铝二元复合氧化物中,考察三者协同作用对动态储氧性能和三效催化性能的影响。结果表明:受贵金属与载体的结合方式、贵金属Pd的粒径以及价态等因素以及复合氧化物的热稳定性是影响催化剂性能的主要因素。
通过优化贵金属分布的负载工艺研究,将贵金属Pd色谱负载到铈锆固溶体和氧化铝单一氧化物体系,考察Pd-(Ce, Zr)Ox和Pd(Al_2O_3)界面对动态储氧性能和三效催化性能的影响。结果表明:Pd-(Ce, Zr)Ox界面促进动态储氧性能和CO催化性能的提高,动态储氧性能与CO的催化转化紧密关联;Pd(Al_2O_3)界面促进了NOx和HC催化性能的提高,NOx和HC催化转化与动态储氧性能关联较小。
As the key part of the StateⅢ/Ⅳthree-way-catalyst (TWCs), ceria-zirconia mixed oxides minimize the effect of air to fuel (A/F) fluctuation to catalytic activities and extend the A/F window. On the basis of ceria-zirconia and dynamic oxygen storage/release measurement, the relationship between ceria-zirconia, precious metal and alumina as well as its effects on dynamic oxygen storage capacity (DOSC) and catalytic activities were also studied, aiming at developing advanced StateⅢ/ⅣTWCs.
Combining the XRD, BET, HRTEM, EPR and dynamic oxygen storage/release measurement, effects of intrinsic textural and structural properties, such as surface area, Ce/Zr ratio and alkine earth metal doping etc, on DOSC and dynamic oxygen storage rate (DOSR) were studied. Moreover, in-situ EPR reactor and a set of methods were successfully developed for measuring oxygen vacancy in material. It was shown that DOSC and DOSR are proportional to the surface area and Ce/Zr ratio. Alkine earth metal doping improves the DOSC of ceria-zirconia mixed oxides. Total oxygen storage capacity (TOSC) is proportional to the number of oxygen vacancies in material. The results of in-situ EPR show that oxygen vacancies are essential to Ce/Zr ratio and proportional to oxygen migration.
By supporting the Pd on ceria-zirconia, interaction between Pd and ceria-zirconia and its effects on DOSC and TOSC were investigated. When reducibility is lower than 10%～12% and temperature is lower than 450～500℃, Pd supporting promotes the DOSC and DOSR obviously. After hydrothermal aging, both of ceria-zirconia sintering and Pd sintering deteriorate the Pd-(Ce, Zr) Ox interface, as a result of deterioration of DOSC and TOSC. However, compared with sintering of ceria-zirconia, sintering of precious metal has more influence on the OSC deterioration.
By mixing the ceria-zirconia and alumina in different mixing scale, DOSC and thermal stability of ceria-zirconia-alumina mixed oxides were investigated. Combining the XRD, BET, XPS, EPR and TEM measurements, mixing scale between ceria-zirconia and alumina is the key factor of improvement of DOSC and thermal stability. Mixing with alumina at small scale improve the distribution and morphology of ceria-zirconia as well as DOSC performance. Whilst mixing with ceria-zirconia at small scale and Ce3+ distribution modifies the surface of alumina and improve the thermal stability.
After introducing the Pd into ceria-zirconia-alumina binary oxides, the process of precious metal distribution on binary supports was optimized. The effects among ceria-zirconia, Pd and alumina on DOSC and catalytic activities were investigated. The results show combination of Pd and support, morphology and valence affects the DOSC and catalytic activities. Pd dispersion has less influence on DOSC and catalytic activities. Meanwhile, thermal stability of supports and Pd distribution between ceria-zirconia and alumina play the important role to improve the DOSC and catalytic activities.
By charomatagraph distributing the precious metal on single oxide, effects Pd-(Ce, Zr) Ox and Pd (Al_2O_3) on DOSC and catalytic activities were investigated. DOSC and DOSR are more promoted by Pd-(Ce, Zr) Ox than Pd (Al_2O_3). Pd-(Ce, Zr) Ox interface promotes the DOSC and CO catalytic conversion, CO conversion correlate to the DOSC performance; meanwhile, Pd (Al_2O_3) interface promotes the NO and HC catalytic conversion, NO and HC conversion show less relationship with DOSC performance.
考察了铈锆固溶体组成、比表面积和碱土元素掺杂对动态储氧性能和总储氧性能的影响;成功开发了电子顺磁共振测试原位反应器以及用于铈锆储氧材料性能测试的“原位顺磁共振”技术。结果表明:铈锆固溶体的动态储氧量及储氧速率与铈锆固溶体的比表面积、铈含量成正比,碱土元素掺杂提高了动态储氧性能;总储氧性能与结构中氧空位数量成正比。原位顺磁结果表明体相中氧空位浓度受铈锆组成的影响,与氧迁移性能成正比。
通过将贵金属Pd负载至铈锆固溶体,研究Pd烧结与铈锆晶粒烧结对动态储氧性能和总储氧性能的影响。结果表明:小于10%～12%还原度以及低于450～500℃时,贵金属负载提高了铈锆固溶体的动态储氧量和动态储氧速率。与铈锆晶粒烧结相比,贵金属烧结引起的Pd-(Ce, Zr)Ox界面烧结是降低动态储氧性能的主要原因。
采用前驱盐溶液混合、沉淀前驱物混合以及粉末机械混合方式,考察了铈锆固溶体与氧化铝相互作用对材料热稳定性和动态储氧性能的影响。结果表明:铈锆固溶体与氧化铝的混合尺度是影响材料性能的主要因素,小尺度混合提高了铈锆晶粒的分散程度,提高了材料的动态储氧性能;铈锆晶粒及Ce3+在氧化铝的表面改性提高了材料的热稳定性。
通过优化贵金属分布的负载工艺研究,将贵金属Pd负载到铈锆固溶体-氧化铝二元复合氧化物中,考察三者协同作用对动态储氧性能和三效催化性能的影响。结果表明:受贵金属与载体的结合方式、贵金属Pd的粒径以及价态等因素以及复合氧化物的热稳定性是影响催化剂性能的主要因素。
通过优化贵金属分布的负载工艺研究,将贵金属Pd色谱负载到铈锆固溶体和氧化铝单一氧化物体系,考察Pd-(Ce, Zr)Ox和Pd(Al_2O_3)界面对动态储氧性能和三效催化性能的影响。结果表明:Pd-(Ce, Zr)Ox界面促进动态储氧性能和CO催化性能的提高,动态储氧性能与CO的催化转化紧密关联;Pd(Al_2O_3)界面促进了NOx和HC催化性能的提高,NOx和HC催化转化与动态储氧性能关联较小。
As the key part of the StateⅢ/Ⅳthree-way-catalyst (TWCs), ceria-zirconia mixed oxides minimize the effect of air to fuel (A/F) fluctuation to catalytic activities and extend the A/F window. On the basis of ceria-zirconia and dynamic oxygen storage/release measurement, the relationship between ceria-zirconia, precious metal and alumina as well as its effects on dynamic oxygen storage capacity (DOSC) and catalytic activities were also studied, aiming at developing advanced StateⅢ/ⅣTWCs.
Combining the XRD, BET, HRTEM, EPR and dynamic oxygen storage/release measurement, effects of intrinsic textural and structural properties, such as surface area, Ce/Zr ratio and alkine earth metal doping etc, on DOSC and dynamic oxygen storage rate (DOSR) were studied. Moreover, in-situ EPR reactor and a set of methods were successfully developed for measuring oxygen vacancy in material. It was shown that DOSC and DOSR are proportional to the surface area and Ce/Zr ratio. Alkine earth metal doping improves the DOSC of ceria-zirconia mixed oxides. Total oxygen storage capacity (TOSC) is proportional to the number of oxygen vacancies in material. The results of in-situ EPR show that oxygen vacancies are essential to Ce/Zr ratio and proportional to oxygen migration.
By supporting the Pd on ceria-zirconia, interaction between Pd and ceria-zirconia and its effects on DOSC and TOSC were investigated. When reducibility is lower than 10%～12% and temperature is lower than 450～500℃, Pd supporting promotes the DOSC and DOSR obviously. After hydrothermal aging, both of ceria-zirconia sintering and Pd sintering deteriorate the Pd-(Ce, Zr) Ox interface, as a result of deterioration of DOSC and TOSC. However, compared with sintering of ceria-zirconia, sintering of precious metal has more influence on the OSC deterioration.
By mixing the ceria-zirconia and alumina in different mixing scale, DOSC and thermal stability of ceria-zirconia-alumina mixed oxides were investigated. Combining the XRD, BET, XPS, EPR and TEM measurements, mixing scale between ceria-zirconia and alumina is the key factor of improvement of DOSC and thermal stability. Mixing with alumina at small scale improve the distribution and morphology of ceria-zirconia as well as DOSC performance. Whilst mixing with ceria-zirconia at small scale and Ce3+ distribution modifies the surface of alumina and improve the thermal stability.
After introducing the Pd into ceria-zirconia-alumina binary oxides, the process of precious metal distribution on binary supports was optimized. The effects among ceria-zirconia, Pd and alumina on DOSC and catalytic activities were investigated. The results show combination of Pd and support, morphology and valence affects the DOSC and catalytic activities. Pd dispersion has less influence on DOSC and catalytic activities. Meanwhile, thermal stability of supports and Pd distribution between ceria-zirconia and alumina play the important role to improve the DOSC and catalytic activities.
By charomatagraph distributing the precious metal on single oxide, effects Pd-(Ce, Zr) Ox and Pd (Al_2O_3) on DOSC and catalytic activities were investigated. DOSC and DOSR are more promoted by Pd-(Ce, Zr) Ox than Pd (Al_2O_3). Pd-(Ce, Zr) Ox interface promotes the DOSC and CO catalytic conversion, CO conversion correlate to the DOSC performance; meanwhile, Pd (Al_2O_3) interface promotes the NO and HC catalytic conversion, NO and HC conversion show less relationship with DOSC performance.
引文
[1] Bikas G, Zervas E, Regulated and non-regulated pollutants emitted during the regeneration of a diesel particulate filter, Energy & Fuels, 2007, 21 (3): 1543~1547
[2] Funasaka K, Miyazaki T, Kawaraya T et al., Characteristics of particulates and gaseous pollutants in a highway tunnel, Environmental Pollution, 1998, 102 (2-3): 171~176
[3] Zervas E, Montagne X, Lahaye J, Emissions of regulated pollutants from a spark ignition engine. Influence of fuel and Air/Fuel equivalence ratio, Environmental Science & Technology, 2003, 37 (14): 3232~3238
[4] Jia L W, Shen M Q, Wang J et al., Influence of ethanol-gasoline blended fuel on emission characteristics from a four-stroke motorcycle engine, Journal of Hazardous Material, 2005, 123 (1-3): 29~34
[5]王务林,赵航,王继先,汽车催化转化器系统概论,北京:人民交通出版社, 1999.10
[6]钟东阶,刘勇,张光德,燃油品质与汽车排放,上海汽车, 2001, (8): 34～37
[7]尹士武,申满对,刘景岳,汽柴油质量与环境污染,化工环保, 2004 24 (增刊): 424～427
[8]汪卫东,现代汽油车排放及其控制技术综述,内燃机, 2004, (5): 1～4
[9] R.M.Heck, R.J.Farrauto, catalytic air pollution control, Van Nostrand Reihold, 1994
[10] Benjamin S F, Roberts C A, Warm up of an automotive catalyst substrate by pulsating flow: a single channel modelling approach, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2000, 21 (6): 717~726
[11] Persoons T, Hoefnagels A, Van den Buick E, Experimental validation of the addition principle for pulsating flow in close-coupled catalyst manifolds, Journal of Fluids Engineering-Transactions of the Asme, 2006, 128 (4): 656~670
[12] Tsinoglou D N, Koltsakis G C, Influence of pulsating flow on close-coupled catalyst performance, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power-Transactions of the Asme, 2005, 127 (3): 676~682
[13] Lafyatis D S, Ansell G P, Bennett S C et al., Ambient temperature light-off for automobile emission control, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1998, 18 (1-2): 123~135
[14] Miller A L, Ginter D, Seaba J P et al., A study to investigate the capability of adsorbents for reduction of cold-start emissions, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D-Journal of Automobile Engineering, 1998, 212 (D6): 525~532
[15] Park J H, Park S J, Nam I S et al., A fast and quantitative assay for developing zeolite-type hydrocarbon trap catalyst, Microporous and Mesoporous Material, 2007, 101 (1-2): 264~270
[16] Oi-Uchisawa J, Obuchi A, Wang S et al., Catalytic performance of Pt/MOx loaded over SiC-DPF for soot oxidation, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, 43 (2): 117~129
[17] Vander Wal R L, Yezerets A, Currier N W et al., HRTEM Study of diesel soot collected from diesel particulate filters, Carbon, 2007, 45 (1): 70~77
[18] Katare S R, Patterson J E, Laing P M, Diesel aftertreatment modeling: A systems approach to NOx control, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2007, 46 (8): 2445~2454
[19] Ciardelli C, Nova I, Tronconi E et al., NH3-SCR of NOx for diesel exhausts aftertreatment: role of NO2 in catalytic mechanism, unsteady kinetics and monolith converter modelling, Chemical Engineering Science, 2007, 62 (18-20): 5001~5006
[20] Shimizu K I, Satsuma A, Hydrogen assisted urea-SCR and NH3-SCR with silver-alumina as highly active and SO2-tolerant de-NOx catalysis, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2007, 77 (1-2): 202~205
[21] Houel V, James D, Millington P et al., A comparison of the activity and deactivation of Ag/Al2O3 and Cu/ZSM-5 for HC-SCR under simulated diesel exhaust emission conditions, Journal of Catalysis, 2005, 230 (1): 150~157
[22] Houel V, Millington P, Rajaram R et al., Fuel effects on the activity of silver hydrocarbon-SCR catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2007, 73 (1-2): 203~207
[23] Casapu A, Grunwaldt J D, Maciejewski M et al., Comparative study of structural properties and NOx storage-reduction behavior of Pt/Ba/CeO2 and Pt/Ba/Al2O3, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2008, 78 (3-4): 288~300
[24] Casapu M, Grunwaldt J D, Maciejewski M et al., The fate of platinum in Pt/Ba/CeO2 and Pt/Ba/Al2O3 catalysts during thermal aging, Journal of Catalysis, 2007, 251 (1): 28~38
[25] Szailer T, Kwak J H, Kim D H et al., Reduction of stored NOx on Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/BaO/Al2O3 catalysts with H2 and CO, Journal of Catalysis, 2006, 239 (1): 51~64
[26] Kaspar J, Fornasiero P, Hickey N, Automotive catalytic converters: current status and some perspectives, Catalysis Today, 2003, 77 (4): 419~449
[27] Sobukawa H, Development of ceria-ziconia solid and future, R&D Review of Toyota CRDL, 2000, 37 (4): 1~5
[28] Gandhi H S, Piken A G, Shelef M, SAE Paper #760202, 1976, 27~29
[29] Di Monte R, Kaspar J, Nanostructured CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides, Journal of Material Chemistry, 2005, 15 (6): 633~648
[30] Kaspar J, Fornasiero P, Graziani M, Use of CeO2-based oxides in the three-way catalysis, Catalysis Today, 1999, 50 (2): 285~298
[31] Engler B, Koberstein E, Schubert P, Automotive exhaust gas catalysts: Surface structure and activity, Applied Catalysis, 1989, 48 (1): 71~92
[32] Murota T, Hasegawa T, Aozasa S et al., Production method of cerium oxide with high storage capacity of oxygen and its mechanism, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 1993, 193 (1-2): 298~299
[33] Ozawa M, Kimura M, Isogai A, The application of Ce-Zr oxide solid solution to oxygen storage promoters in automotive catalysts, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 1993, 193 (1-2): 73~75
[34] Wen M F, Yu B, Wang Q P et al., Study on the properties of nanometer CeO2 doped with Zr4+, La3+, Pr3+, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2004, 20 (3): 357~360
[35] Priolkar K R, Bera P, Sarode P R et al., Formation of Ce1-xPdxO2-delta solid solution in combustion-synthesized Pd/CeO2 catalyst: XRD, XPS, and EXAFS investigation, Chemistry of Material, 2002, 14 (5): 2120~2128
[36] Gayen A, Priolkar K R, Sarode R et al., Ce1-xRhxO2-δsolid solution formation in combustion-synthesized Rh/CeO2 catalyst studied by XRD, TEM, XPS, and EXAFS, Chemistry of Material, 2004, 16 (11): 2317~2328
[37] Bera P, Priolkar K R, Gayen A et al., Ionic dispersion of Pt over CeO2 by the combustion method: Structural investigation by XRD, TEM, XPS, and EXAFS, Chemistry of Material, 2003, 15 (10): 2049~2060
[38] Gayen A, Priolkar K R, Shukla A K et al., Oxide-ion conductivity in CuxCe1-xO2-δ(0≤x≤0.10), Materials Research Bulletin, 2005, 40 (3): 421~431
[39] Yao H C, Yao Y F Y, Ceria in automotive exhaust catalysts : I. Oxygen storage, Journal of Catalysis, 1984, 86 (2): 254~265
[40] Hickey N, Fornasiero P, Di Monte R et al., A comparative study of oxygen storage capacity over Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 mixed oxides investigated by temperature programmed reduction and dynamic OSC measurements, Catalysis Letter, 2001, 72 (1-2): 45~50
[41] Rocchini E, Vicario M, Llorca J et al., Reduction and oxygen storage behavior of noble metals supported on silica-doped ceria, Journal of Catalysis, 2002, 211 (2): 407~421
[42] Trovarelli A, Boaro M, Rocchini E et al., Some recent developments in the characterization of ceria-based catalysts, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2001, 323: 584~591
[43] Boaro M, Giordano F, Recchia S et al., On the mechanism of fast oxygen storage and release in ceria-zirconia model catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 52 (3): 225~237
[44] Descorme C, Taha R, Mouaddib-Moral N et al., Oxygen storage capacity measurements of three-way catalysts under transient conditions, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2002, 223 (1-2): 287~299
[45] Vidal H, Kaspar J, Pijolat M et al., Redox behavior of CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides - II. Influence of redox treatments on low surface area catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 30 (1-2): 75~85
[46] Vidal H, Kaspar J, Pijolat M et al., Redox behavior of CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides I. Influence of redox treatments on high surface area catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2000, 27 (1): 49~63
[47] Kaspar J, Fornasiero P, Baiducci G et al., Effect of ZrO2 content on textural and structural properties of CeO2-ZrO2 solid solutions made by citrate complexation route, Inorganica Chimica Acta, 2003, 349: 217~226
[48] Kaspar J, Fornasiero P, Nanostructured materials for advanced automotive de-pollution catalysts, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2003, 171 (1-2): 19~29
[49] Vlaic G, Fornasiero P, Martra G et al., Morphology of rhodium particles in ex-chloride Rh/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 catalyst (vol 190, pg 182, 2000), Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 191 (2): 486~486
[50] Vidal H, Bernal S, Kaspar J et al., Influence of high temperature treatments under net oxidizing and reducing conditions on the oxygen storage and buffering properties of a Ce0.68Zr0.32O2 mixed oxide, Catalysis Today, 1999, 54 (1): 93~100
[51] Montini T, Banares M A, Hickey N et al., Promotion of reduction in Ce0.5Zr0.5O2: the pyrochlore structure as effect rather than cause?, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2004, 6 (1): 1~3
[52] Fally F, Perrichon V, Vidal H et al., Modification of the oxygen storage capacity of CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides after redox cycling aging, Catalysis Today, 2000, 59 (3-4): 373~386
[53] Mamontov E, Egami T, Brezny R et al., Lattice Defects and Oxygen Storage Capacity of Nanocrystalline Ceria and Ceria-Zirconia, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2000, 47 (104): 11110~11116
[54] Nagai Y, Yamamoto T, Tanaka T et al., X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of local structure of CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides with the same composition ratio (Ce/Zr=1), Catalysis Today, 2002, 74 (3-4): 225~234
[55] Balducci G, Islam M S, Kaspar J et al., Bulk reduction and oxygen migration in the ceria-based oxides, Chemistry of Material, 2000, 12 (3): 677~681
[56] Frolova E V, Ivanovskaya M, Sadykov V et al., Properties of Ce-Zr-La-O nano-system with ruthenium modified surface, Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 2005, 33 (2-4): 317~325
[57] Zhang T S, Ma J, Chan S H et al., Intermediate-temperature ionic conductivity of ceria-based solid solutions as a function of gadolinia and silica contents, Solid State Science, 2004, 6 (6): 565~572
[58] Liang Q, Wu X D, Weng D et al., Selective oxidation of soot over Cu doped ceria/ceria-zirconia catalysts, Catal Commun, 2008, 9 (2): 202~206
[59] Jia L, Shen M, Hao J et al., Dynamic oxygen storage and release over Mn0.1Ce0.9Ox and Mn0.1Ce0.6Zr0.3Ox complex compounds and structural characterization, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2008, doi:10.1016 /j.jallcom. 2006.12.040
[60] Balducci G, Islam M S, Kaspar J et al., Reduction process in CeO2-MO and CeO2-M2O3 mixed oxides: A computer simulation study, Chemistry of Material, 2003, 15 (20): 3781~3785
[61] Rao T, Shen M Q, Jia L W et al., Oxidation of ethanol over Mn-Ce-O and Mn-Ce-Zr-O complex compounds synthesized by sol-gel method, Catalysis Communication, 2007, 8 (11): 1743~1747
[62] Ikryannikova L N, Markaryan G L, Kharlanov A N et al., Electron-accepting surface properties of ceria-(praseodymia)-zirconia solids modified by Y3+ or La3+ studied by paramagnetic probe method, Appllied Surface Science, 2003, 207 (1-4): 100~114
[63] Wu X D, Wu X D, Liang Q et al., Structure and oxygen storage capacity of Pr/Nd doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides, Solid State Science, 2007, 9 (7): 636~643
[64] Wu X D, Liang Q, Weng D, Effect of manganese doping on oxygen storage capacity of ceria-zirconia mixed oxides, Journal of Rare Earths, 2006, 24 (5): 549~553
[65] Sugiura M, Oxygen storage materials for automotive catalysts: ceria-zirconia solid solutions, Catalysis Survey from Asia, 2003, 7 (1): 77~87
[66] Di Monte R, Fornasiero P, Desinan S et al., Thermal stabilization of CexZr1-xO2 oxygen storage promoters by addition of Al2O3: Effect of thermal aging on textural, structural, and morphological properties, Chemistry of Materials, 2004, 16 (22): 4273~4285
[67] Wu X, Yang B, Weng D, Effect of Ce-Zr mixed oxides on the thermal stability of transition aluminas at elevated temperature, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2004, 376 (1-2): 241-245
[68] Di Monte R, Fornasiero P, Kaspar J et al., Stabilisation of nanostructured CeO2-ZrO2 solid solutions by addition of Al2O3: a suitable way for production of thermally stable oxygen storage/release promoters for three-way catalysts, Oxide-Based Systems at the Crossroads of Chemistry, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Bv, 2001, pp. 229~236
[69] Sobukawa H, Development of Ceria-Zirconia Solid Solutions and FutureTrends, R&D Review of Toyota CRDL, 2003, 37 (4): 1~5
[70] Suzuki T, Morikawa A, Suda A et al., Alumina-Ceria-Zirconia Composite Oxide for Three-Way Catalyst, R&D Review of Toyota CRDL, 2003, 37 (4): 28~33
[71] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Salamanca L N et al., Structural and Redox Properties of Ceria in Alumina-Supported Ceria Catalyst Supports, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2000, 104 (17): 4038~4046
[72] Martinez-Arias A, Cataluna R, Conesa J C et al., Effect of Copper-Ceria Interactions on Copper Reduction in a Cu/CeO2/Al2O3 Catalyst Subjected to Thermal Treatments in CO, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 1998, 102 (5): 809~817
[73] Martinez-Arias A, Coronado J M, Cataluna R et al., Influence of Mutual Platinum-Dispersed Ceria Interactions on the Promoting Effect of Ceria for the CO Oxidation Reaction in a Pt/CeO2/Al2O3 Catalyst, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 1998, 102 (22): 4357~4365
[74] Bernal S, Calvino J J, Cauqui M A et al., Some recent results on metal/support interaction effects in NM/CeO2 (NM: noble metal) catalysts, Catalysis Today, 1999, 50 (2): 175~206
[75] Bernal S, Calvino J J, Gatica J M et al., Nanostructural Evolution of a Pt/CeO2Catalyst Reduced at Increasing Temperatures (473-1223 K): A HREM Study, Journal of Catalysis, 1997, 169 (2): 510~515
[76] Bernal S, Botana F J, Calvino J J et al., HREM study of the behaviour of a Rh/CeO2 catalyst under high temperature reducing and oxidizing conditions, Catalysis Today, 1995, 23 (3): 219~250
[77] Hu Z, Wan C Z, Lui Y K et al., Design of a novel Pd three-way catalyst: Integration of catalytic functions in three dimensions, Catalysis Today, 1996, 30 (1-3): 83~89
[78] Ranga Rao G, Fornasiero P, Di Monte R et al., Reduction of NO over Partially Reduced Metal-Loaded CeO2-ZrO2Solid Solutions, Journal of Catalysis, 1996, 162 (1): 1~9
[79] Bernal S, Calvino J J, Cauqui M A et al., Image simulation and experimental HREM study of the metal dispersion in Rh/CeO2 catalysts. Influence of the reduction/reoxidation conditions, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1998, 16 (2): 127~138
[80] Graham G W, O'Neill A E, Chen A E, Pd encapsulation in automotive exhaust-gas catalysts, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2003, 252 (2): 437~445
[81] Graham G W, Jen H W, Chun W et al., High-Temperature-Aging-Induced Encapsulation of Metal Particles by Support Materials: Comparative Results for Pt, Pd, and Rh on Cerium-Zirconium Mixed Oxides, Journal of Catalysis, 1999, 182 (1): 228~233
[82] Hori C E, Brenner A, Simon Ng K Y et al., Studies of the oxygen release reaction in the platinum-ceria-zirconia system, Catalysis Today, 1999, 50 (2): 299~308
[83] R.T.K.Baker, the interaction of palladium with alumina and titanium oxide supports, Journal of catalysis, 1984, 1984 (89): 422~432
[84] Force C, Ruiz Paniego A, Guil J M et al., Metal Sintering in Rh/Al2O3 Catalysts Followed by HREM, 1H NMR, and H2 Chemisorption, Langmuir, 2001, 17 (9): 2720~2726
[85] Penner S, Wang D, Su D S et al., Platinum nanocrystals supported by silica, alumina and ceria: metal-support interaction due to high-temperature reduction in hydrogen, Surf Sci, 2003, 532~535
[86] Zhong X, Zhu J, Liu J, Study of the interfacial structure of a Pt/[alpha]-Al2O3 model catalyst under high-temperature hydrogen reduction, Journal of Catalysis, 2005, 236 (1): 9~13
[87] Suhonen S, Valden M, Hietikko M et al., Effect of Ce-Zr mixed oxides on the chemical state of Rh in alumina supported automotive exhaust catalysts studied by XPS and XRD, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2001, 218 (1-2): 151~160
[88] Colon G, Pijolat M, Valdivieso F et al., Surface and structural characterization of CexZr1-xO2 CEZIRENCAT mixed oxides as potential three-way catalyst promoters, Journal of the Chemical Society-Faraday Transactions, 1998, 94 (24): 3717~3726
[89] Fu Y P, Lin C H, Preparation of CexZr1-xO2 powders by microwave-induced combustion process, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2003, 354 (1-2): 232~235
[90] Zhan Y Y, Cai G H, Xiao Y H et al., The relationship between structure and oxygen storage capacity of CexZr1-xO2 solid solution, Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2007, 27 (11): 2266~2269
[91] An Y, Zhu L Y, Wang J et al., Catalytic activity of ceria-zirconia nanostructured materials prepared via reversed microemulsion method, Journal of Rare Earths, 2005, 23 (6): 690~694
[92] An Y A, Li L, Wang J et al., Preparation and characterization of CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution ultrafine particles using reversed microemulsion, Journal of Rare Earths, 2005, 23 (4): 416~419
[93] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Belver C et al., EPR study on oxygen handling properties of ceria, zirconia and Zr-Ce (1 : 1) mixed oxide samples, Catalysis Letter, 2000, 65 (4): 197~204
[94] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Hungria A B et al., Spectroscopic Characterization of Heterogeneity and Redox Effects in Zirconium-Cerium (1:1) Mixed Oxides Prepared by Microemulsion Methods, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2003, 107 (12): 2667~2677
[95] Sergent N, Lamonier J F, Aboukais A, Electron paramagnetic resonance in combination with the thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy to follow the structural properties of ZrxCe1-xO2 solid systems and precursors, Chemistry of Material, 2000, 12 (12): 3830~3835
[96] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Galvez O et al., Comparative study on redox properties and catalytic behavior for CO oxidation of CuO/CeO2 and CuO/ZrCeO4 catalysts, Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 195 (1): 207~216
[97] Zhao M W, Shen M Q, Wang J, Effect of surface area and bulk structure on oxygen storage capacity of Ce0.67Zr0.33O2, Journal of Catalysis, 2007, 248 (2): 258~267
[98] Boaro M, Giordano F, Recchia S et al., On the mechanism of fast oxygen storage and release in ceria-zirconia model catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 52 (3): 225~237
[99] Costa C N, Christou S Y, Georgiou G et al., Mathematical modeling of the oxygen storage capacity phenomenon studied by CO pulse transient experiments over Pd/CeO2 catalyst, Journal of Catalysis, 2003, 219 (2): 259~272
[100] Wang J B, Tai Y-L, Dow W-P et al., Study of ceria-supported nickel catalyst and effect of yttria doping on carbon dioxide reforming of methane, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2001, 218 (1-2): 69~79
[101] Yeste M P, Hernandez J C, Bernal S et al., Redox Behavior of Thermally Aged Ceria-Zirconia Mixed Oxides. Role of Their Surface and Bulk Structural Properties, Chemistry of Material, 2006, 18 (11): 2750~2757
[102] Hilaire S, Wang X, Luo T et al., A comparative study of water-gas-shift reaction over ceria supported metallic catalysts, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2001, 215 (1-2): 271~278
[103] Hickey N, Fornasiero P, Kaspar J et al., Effects of the nature of the reducing agent on the transient redox behavior of NM/Ce0.68Zr0.32O2 (NM = Pt, Pd, and Rh), Journal of Catalysis, 2001, 200 (1): 181~193
[104] Yeste M P, Hernandez J C, Bernal S et al., Redox behavior of thermally aged ceria-zirconia mixed oxides. Role of their surface and bulk structural properties, Chemistry of Material, 2006, 18 (11): 2750~2757
[105] Alessandri I, Banares M A, Depero L E et al., Structural investigation of Ce2Zr2O8 after redox treatments which lead to low temperature reduction, Topics in Catalysis, 2006, 41 (1-4): 35~42
[106] Montini T, Hickey N, Fornasiero P et al., Variations in the Extent of Pyrochlore-Type Cation Ordering in Ce2Zr2O8: A t'-κ Pathway to Low-Temperature Reduction, Chemistry of Material, 2005, 17 (5): 1157~1166
[107] Shah P R, Kim T, Zhou G et al., Evidence for Entropy Effects in the Reduction of Ceria-Zirconia Solutions, Chemistry of Material, 2006, 18 (22): 5363~5369
[108] Conesa J C, Computer modeling of local level structures in (Ce, Zr) mixed oxide, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2003, 107 (34): 8840~8853
[109] Nibbelke R H, Nievergeld A J L, Hoebink J et al., Development of a transient kinetic model for the CO oxidation by O2 over a Pt/Rh/CeO2/gamma-Al2O3 three-way catalyst, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1998, 19 (3-4): 245~259
[110] Cordatos H, Ford D, Gorte R J, Simulated Annealing Study of the Structure and Reducibility in Ceria Clusters, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1996, 100 (46): 18128~18132
[111] Cordatos H, Bunluesin T, Stubenrauch J et al., Effect of Ceria Structure on Oxygen Migration for Rh/Ceria Catalysts, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1996, 100 (2): 785~789
[112] Putna E S, Gorte R J, Vohs J M et al., Evidence for Enhanced Dissociation of CO on Rh/Ceria, Journal of Catalysis, 1998, 178 (2): 598~603
[113] Aneggi E, Llorca J, Boaro M et al., Surface-structure sensitivity of CO oxidation over polycrystalline ceria powders, Journal of Catalysis, 2005, 234 (1): 88~95
[114] Mamontov E, Brezny R, Koranne M et al., Nanoscale heterogeneities and oxygen storage capacity of Ce0.5Zr0.5O2, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2003, 107 (47): 13007~13014
[115] Mamontov E, Egami T, Brezny R et al., Lattice defects and oxygen storage capacity of nanocrystalline ceria and ceria-zirconia, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2000, 104 (47): 11110~11116
[116] Fornasiero P, Fonda E, Di Monte R et al., Relationships between structural /textural properties and redox behavior in Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 mixed oxides, Journal of Catalysis, 1999, 187 (1): 177~185
[117] Boaro M, Trovarelli A, Hwang J H et al., Electrical and oxygen storage/release properties of nanocrystalline ceria-zirconia solid solutions, Solid State Ionic, 2002, 147 (1-2): 85~95
[118] Fornasiero P, Kaspar J, Graziani M, On the rate determining step in the reduction of CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1999, 22 (1): L11~L14
[119]李丽,锶掺杂改性铈锆固溶体的研究,硕士学位论文:天津,天津大学, 2005
[120]朱凌云,锶掺杂的铈锆固溶体和贵金属相互作用研究,硕士学位论文:天津,天津大学, 2005
[121] An Y, Shen M, Wang J, Comparison of the microstructure and oxygen storage capacity modification of Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 from CaO and MgO doping, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2007, 441 (1-2): 305~310
[122]安源,碱土金属掺杂对铈锆固溶体结构及储放氧性能影响的研究,博士学位论文:天津,天津大学, 2006
[123] Fernandez-Garcia M, Martinez-Arias A, Guerrero-Ruiz A et al., Ce-Zr-Ca ternary mixed oxides: Structural characteristics and oxygen handling properties, Journal of Catalysis, 2002, 211 (2): 326~334
[124] Reddy B M, Khan A, Nanosized CeO2-SiO2, CeO2-TiO2, and CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides: Influence of supporting oxide on thermal stability and oxygen storage properties of ceria, Catalysis Surveys from Asia, 2005, 9 (3): 155~171
[125] Damyanova S, Perez C A, Schmal M et al., Characterization of ceria-coated alumina carrier, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2002, 234 (1-2): 271~282
[126] Tang X L, Zhang B C, Li Y et al., CuO/CeO2 catalysts: Redox features and catalytic behaviors, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2005, 288 (1-2): 116~125
[127] Vidmar P, Fornasiero P, Kaspar J et al., Effects of Trivalent Dopants on the Redox Properties of Ce0.6Zr0.4O2Mixed Oxide, Journal of Catalysis, 1997, 171 (1): 160~168
[128] Boaro M, de Leitenburg C, Dolcetti G et al., The Dynamics of Oxygen Storage in Ceria-Zirconia Model Catalysts Measured by CO Oxidation under Stationary and Cycling Feedstream Compositions, Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 193 (2): 338~347
[129] Shah P R, Kim T, Zhou G et al., Evidence for entropy effects in the reduction of ceria-zirconia solutions, Chemistry of Material, 2006, 18 (22): 5363~5369
[130] Omata T, Kishimoto H, Otsuka-Yao-Matsuo S et al., Vibrational Spectroscopic and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Cerium Zirconium Oxides with Ce/Zr Composition Ratio=1 Prepared by Reduction and Successive Oxidation of t'-(Ce0.5Zr0.5)O2 Phase, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 1999, 147 (2): 573~583
[131] Fornasiero P, Dimonte R, Rao G R et al., Rh-Loaded CeO2-ZrO2 Solid Solutions as Highly Efficient Oxygen Exchangers: Dependence of the Reduction Behavior and the Oxygen Storage Capacity on the Structural-Properties, Journal of Catalysis, 1995, 151 (1): 168~177
[132] Hori C E, Ng K Y S, Brenner A et al., The effects of aging temperature and aging time on the oxygen storage capacity of Pt-Rh/CeZrO2 catalysts, Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2001, 18 (1): 23~33
[133] Bozo C, Guilhaume N, Herrmann J-M, Role of the Ceria-Zirconia Support in the Reactivity of Platinum and Palladium Catalysts for Methane Total Oxidation under Lean Conditions, Journal of Catalysis, 2001, 203 (2): 393~406
[134] Ciuparu D, Bozon-Verduraz F, Pfefferle L, Oxygen Exchange between Palladium and Oxide Supports in Combustion Catalysts, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2002, 106 (13): 3434~3442
[135] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Iglesias-Juez A et al., Influence of thermal sintering on the activity for CO-O2 and CO-O2-NO stoichiometric reactions over Pd/(Ce, Zr)Ox/Al2O3 catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2002, 38 (2): 151~158
[136] Lambrou P S, Costa C N, Christou S Y et al., Dynamics of oxygen storage and release on commercial aged Pd-Rh three-way catalysts and their characterization by transient experiments, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 54 (4): 237~250
[137] Graham G W, O'Neill A E, Chen A E, Pd encapsulation in automotive exhaust-gas catalysts, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2003, 252 (2): 437~445
[138] Graham G W, Shigapov A N, Revised model of strain in ceria-zirconia- encapsulated precious-metal particles, Catalysis Letter, 2002, 81 (3-4): 253~257
[139] Graham G W, Sun H, Jen H W et al., Aging-induced metal redistribution in bimetallic catalysts, Catalysis Letter, 2002, 81 (1-2): 1~7
[140] Fornasiero P, Kaspar J, Sergo V et al., Redox behavior of high-surface-area Rh-, Pt-, and Pd-loaded Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 mixed oxide, Journal of Catalysis, 1999, 182 (1): 56~69
[141] Zhu H, Qin Z, Shan W et al., CO oxidation at low temperature over Pd supported on CeO2-TiO2 composite oxide, Catalysis Today, 2007, 126 (3-4): 382~386
[142] Zhu H, Qin Z, Shan W et al., Pd/CeO2-TiO2 catalyst for CO oxidation at low temperature: a TPR study with H2 and CO as reducing agents, Journal of Catalysis, 2004, 225 (2): 267~277
[143] Bunluesin T, Gorte R J, Graham G W, Studies of the water-gas-shift reaction on ceria-supported Pt, Pd, and Rh: Implications for oxygen-storage properties, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1998, 15 (1-2): 107~114
[144] Fornasiero P, Kaspar J, Montini T et al., Interaction of molecular hydrogen with three-way catalyst model of Pt/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2/Al2O3 type, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2003, 204-205 683~691
[145]谢鲜梅,刘洁翔,吴旭等, CuMgAl类水滑石的制备和表征,现代化工, 2005, 9:37～40
[146] Liu Y, Zhai Y Q, Li Y D, Preparation of Ce-Zr-O solid solution, Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 2004, 82 (2): 295~302
[147] Frolova E V, Ivanovskaya M I, Hlushonak H K, Ce-Zr-Al-O system with host-guest interactions: Peculiarities of the optical properties, Optical Materials, 2006, 28 (6-7): 660~664
[148] Frolova E V, Ivanovskaya M I, Kosareva Y A, Morphologically dependent structural peculiarities of Ce-Zr-Al-O system, Thin Solid Films, 2006, 495 (1-2): 139~143
[149] Zhao M, Shen M, Wen X et al., Ce-Zr-Sr ternary mixed oxides structural characteristics and oxygen storage capacity, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2007, In Press, Corrected Proof
[150] Morikawa A, Suzuki T, Kanazawa T et al., A new concept in high performance ceria-zirconia oxygen storage capacity material with Al2O3 as a diffusion barrier, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2008, 78 (3-4): 210~221
[151] Nibbelke R H, Hoebink J, Marin G B, Kinetically induced multiplicity of steady states in integral catalytic reactors, Chemical Engineering Science, 1998, 53 (12): 2195~2210
[152] Fernandez-Garcia M, Martinez-Arias A, Hungria A B et al., Thermal behavior of (Ce,Zr)Ox/Al2O3 complex oxides prepared by a microemulsion method, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2002, 4 (11): 2473~2481
[153] Fernandez-Garcia M, Martinez-Arias A, Iglesias-Juez A et al., Structural characteristics and redox behavior of CeO2-ZrO2/Al2O3 supports, Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 194 (2): 385~392
[154] Reddy B M, Lakshmanan P, Khan A, Investigation of surface structures of dispersed V2O5 on CeO2-SiO2, CeO2-TiO2, and CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides by XRD, Raman, and XPS techniques, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2004, 108 (43): 16855~16863
[155] Wu X, Fan J, Ran R et al., Effect of preparation method on the surface and redox properties of Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 mixed oxides, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2005, 395 (1-2): 135~140
[156] Wu X D, Fan J, Ran R et al., Effect of preparation methods on the structure and redox behavior of platinum-ceria-zirconia catalysts, Chemical Engineering Journal, 2005, 109 (1-3): 133~139
[157] Piras A, Colussi S, Trovarelli A et al., Structural and Morphological Investigation of Ceria-Promoted Al2O3 under Severe Reducing/Oxidizing Conditions, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2005, 109 (22): 11110~11118
[158] Piras A, Trovarelli A, Dolcetti G, Remarkable stabilization of transition alumina operated by ceria under reducing and redox conditions, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2000, 28 (2): L77~L81
[159] Kozlov A I, Kim D H, Yezerets A et al., Effect of preparation method and redox treatment on the reducibility and structure of supported ceria-zirconia mixed oxide, Journal of Catalysis, 2002, 209 (2): 417~426
[160] Kim D J, Lattice parameters, Ionic conductivities and solubility limits influorite-structure MO2oxide(M=Hf4+, Zr4+, Ce4+, Th4+, U4+)solid solution, Journal of American Ceramic Society, 1989, 72 1415~1423
[161] Yamamoto T, Hatsui T, Matsuyama T et al., Structures and acid-base properties of La/Al2O3 - Role of La addition to enhance thermal stability of gamma-Al2O3, Chemistry of Material, 2003, 15 (25): 4830~4840
[162] Wang X, Gorte R J, Wagner J P, Deactivation mechanisms for Pd/ceria during the water-gas-shift reaction, Journal of Catalysis, 2002, 212 (2): 225~230
[163] Hickey N, Fornasiero P, Di Monte R et al., Reactivation of aged model Pd/Ce0.68Zr0.32O2 three-way catalyst by high temperature oxidising treatmentt, Chemical Communication, 2004, (2): 196~197
[164] Fornasiero P, Hickey N, Kaspar J et al., Redox and chemisorptive properties of ex-chloride and ex-nitrate Rh/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 catalysts - 1. Effect of low-temperature redox cycling, Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 189 (2): 326~338
[165] Fornasiero P, Hickey N, Kaspar J et al., Redox and chemisorptive properties of ex-chloride and ex-nitrate Rh/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 catalysts - 2. Effect of high-temperature redox cycling, Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 189 (2): 339~348
[166]林棋,付海燕,袁茂林等,负载离子液体纳米钯催化芳卤羰化反应,物理化学学报, 2006, 22 (10): 1272~1276
[167] Wu X, Xu L, Weng D, The thermal stability and catalytic performance of Ce-Zr promoted Rh-Pd/α-Al2O3 automotive catalysts, Appllied Surface Science, 2004, 221 (1-4): 375~383
[168] Gigola C E, Moreno M S, Costilla I et al., Characterization of Pd-CeOx interaction on alpha-Al2O3 support, Appllied Surface Science, 2007, 254 (1): 325~329
[169] Zhao M W, Shen M Q, Wang J et al., Influence of pd morphology and support surface area on redox ability of Pd/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 under CO-He pulse and transient CO-O2 measurements, Industial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2007, 46 (24): 7883~7890
[170] Holmgren A, Andersson B, Duprez D, Interactions of CO with Pt/ceria catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1999, 22 (3): 215~230
[171] Holmgren A, Duprez D, Andersson B, A Model of Oxygen Transport in Pt/Ceria Catalysts from Isotope Exchange, Journal of Catalysis, 1999, 182 (2): 441~448
[172] Aneggi E, Boaro M, Leitenburg C d et al., Insights into the dynamics of oxygen storage/release phenomena in model ceria-zirconia catalysts as inferred from transient studies using H2, CO and soot as reductants, Catalysis Today, 2006, 112 (1-4): 94~98
[173] Fernandez-Garcia M, Martinez-Arias A, Iglesias-Juez A et al., New Pd/CexZr1-xO2/Al2O3 three-way catalysts prepared by microemulsion - Part 1. Characterization and catalytic behavior for CO oxidation, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 31 (1): 39~50
[174] Iglesias-Juez A, Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Metal-promoter interface in Pd/(Ce,Zr)Ox/Al2O3 catalysts: effect of thermal aging, Journal of Catalysis, 2004, 221 (1): 148~161
[175] Fernandez-Garcia M, Iglesias-Juez A, Martinez-Arias A et al., Role of the state of the metal component on the light-off performance of Pd-based three-way catalysts, Journal of Catalysis l, 2004, 221 (2): 594~600
[176] Fornasiero P, Kaspar J, Graziani M, Redox Behavior of High Surface Area Rh-Loaded Ce0.5Zr0.5O2Mixed Oxide, Journal of Catalysis, 1997, 167 (2): 576~580
[177] Boaro M, Vicario M, de Leitenburg C et al., The use of temperature programmed and dynamic/transient methods in catalysis: characterization of ceria-based, model three-way catalysts, Catalysis Today, 2003, 77 (4): 407-417
[178] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Iglesias-Juez A et al., New Pd/CexZr1-xO2/Al2O3 three-way catalysts prepared by microemulsion - Part 2. In situ analysis of CO oxidation and NO reduction under stoichiometric CO+NO+O2, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 31 (1): 51~60
[179] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Hungria A B et al., Effect of thermal sintering on light-off performance of Pd/(Ce,Zr)Ox/Al2O3 three-way catalysts: Model gas and engine tests, Journal of Catalysis, 2001, 204 (1): 238~248
[180] Fernandez-Garcia M, Martinez-Arias A, Iglesias-Juez A et al., New Pd/CexZr1-xO2/Al2O3 three-way catalysts prepared by microemulsion: Part 1. Characterization and catalytic behavior for CO oxidation, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 31 (1): 39~50
[2] Funasaka K, Miyazaki T, Kawaraya T et al., Characteristics of particulates and gaseous pollutants in a highway tunnel, Environmental Pollution, 1998, 102 (2-3): 171~176
[3] Zervas E, Montagne X, Lahaye J, Emissions of regulated pollutants from a spark ignition engine. Influence of fuel and Air/Fuel equivalence ratio, Environmental Science & Technology, 2003, 37 (14): 3232~3238
[4] Jia L W, Shen M Q, Wang J et al., Influence of ethanol-gasoline blended fuel on emission characteristics from a four-stroke motorcycle engine, Journal of Hazardous Material, 2005, 123 (1-3): 29~34
[5]王务林,赵航,王继先,汽车催化转化器系统概论,北京:人民交通出版社, 1999.10
[6]钟东阶,刘勇,张光德,燃油品质与汽车排放,上海汽车, 2001, (8): 34～37
[7]尹士武,申满对,刘景岳,汽柴油质量与环境污染,化工环保, 2004 24 (增刊): 424～427
[8]汪卫东,现代汽油车排放及其控制技术综述,内燃机, 2004, (5): 1～4
[9] R.M.Heck, R.J.Farrauto, catalytic air pollution control, Van Nostrand Reihold, 1994
[10] Benjamin S F, Roberts C A, Warm up of an automotive catalyst substrate by pulsating flow: a single channel modelling approach, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2000, 21 (6): 717~726
[11] Persoons T, Hoefnagels A, Van den Buick E, Experimental validation of the addition principle for pulsating flow in close-coupled catalyst manifolds, Journal of Fluids Engineering-Transactions of the Asme, 2006, 128 (4): 656~670
[12] Tsinoglou D N, Koltsakis G C, Influence of pulsating flow on close-coupled catalyst performance, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power-Transactions of the Asme, 2005, 127 (3): 676~682
[13] Lafyatis D S, Ansell G P, Bennett S C et al., Ambient temperature light-off for automobile emission control, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1998, 18 (1-2): 123~135
[14] Miller A L, Ginter D, Seaba J P et al., A study to investigate the capability of adsorbents for reduction of cold-start emissions, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D-Journal of Automobile Engineering, 1998, 212 (D6): 525~532
[15] Park J H, Park S J, Nam I S et al., A fast and quantitative assay for developing zeolite-type hydrocarbon trap catalyst, Microporous and Mesoporous Material, 2007, 101 (1-2): 264~270
[16] Oi-Uchisawa J, Obuchi A, Wang S et al., Catalytic performance of Pt/MOx loaded over SiC-DPF for soot oxidation, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2003, 43 (2): 117~129
[17] Vander Wal R L, Yezerets A, Currier N W et al., HRTEM Study of diesel soot collected from diesel particulate filters, Carbon, 2007, 45 (1): 70~77
[18] Katare S R, Patterson J E, Laing P M, Diesel aftertreatment modeling: A systems approach to NOx control, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2007, 46 (8): 2445~2454
[19] Ciardelli C, Nova I, Tronconi E et al., NH3-SCR of NOx for diesel exhausts aftertreatment: role of NO2 in catalytic mechanism, unsteady kinetics and monolith converter modelling, Chemical Engineering Science, 2007, 62 (18-20): 5001~5006
[20] Shimizu K I, Satsuma A, Hydrogen assisted urea-SCR and NH3-SCR with silver-alumina as highly active and SO2-tolerant de-NOx catalysis, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2007, 77 (1-2): 202~205
[21] Houel V, James D, Millington P et al., A comparison of the activity and deactivation of Ag/Al2O3 and Cu/ZSM-5 for HC-SCR under simulated diesel exhaust emission conditions, Journal of Catalysis, 2005, 230 (1): 150~157
[22] Houel V, Millington P, Rajaram R et al., Fuel effects on the activity of silver hydrocarbon-SCR catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2007, 73 (1-2): 203~207
[23] Casapu A, Grunwaldt J D, Maciejewski M et al., Comparative study of structural properties and NOx storage-reduction behavior of Pt/Ba/CeO2 and Pt/Ba/Al2O3, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2008, 78 (3-4): 288~300
[24] Casapu M, Grunwaldt J D, Maciejewski M et al., The fate of platinum in Pt/Ba/CeO2 and Pt/Ba/Al2O3 catalysts during thermal aging, Journal of Catalysis, 2007, 251 (1): 28~38
[25] Szailer T, Kwak J H, Kim D H et al., Reduction of stored NOx on Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/BaO/Al2O3 catalysts with H2 and CO, Journal of Catalysis, 2006, 239 (1): 51~64
[26] Kaspar J, Fornasiero P, Hickey N, Automotive catalytic converters: current status and some perspectives, Catalysis Today, 2003, 77 (4): 419~449
[27] Sobukawa H, Development of ceria-ziconia solid and future, R&D Review of Toyota CRDL, 2000, 37 (4): 1~5
[28] Gandhi H S, Piken A G, Shelef M, SAE Paper #760202, 1976, 27~29
[29] Di Monte R, Kaspar J, Nanostructured CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides, Journal of Material Chemistry, 2005, 15 (6): 633~648
[30] Kaspar J, Fornasiero P, Graziani M, Use of CeO2-based oxides in the three-way catalysis, Catalysis Today, 1999, 50 (2): 285~298
[31] Engler B, Koberstein E, Schubert P, Automotive exhaust gas catalysts: Surface structure and activity, Applied Catalysis, 1989, 48 (1): 71~92
[32] Murota T, Hasegawa T, Aozasa S et al., Production method of cerium oxide with high storage capacity of oxygen and its mechanism, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 1993, 193 (1-2): 298~299
[33] Ozawa M, Kimura M, Isogai A, The application of Ce-Zr oxide solid solution to oxygen storage promoters in automotive catalysts, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 1993, 193 (1-2): 73~75
[34] Wen M F, Yu B, Wang Q P et al., Study on the properties of nanometer CeO2 doped with Zr4+, La3+, Pr3+, Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2004, 20 (3): 357~360
[35] Priolkar K R, Bera P, Sarode P R et al., Formation of Ce1-xPdxO2-delta solid solution in combustion-synthesized Pd/CeO2 catalyst: XRD, XPS, and EXAFS investigation, Chemistry of Material, 2002, 14 (5): 2120~2128
[36] Gayen A, Priolkar K R, Sarode R et al., Ce1-xRhxO2-δsolid solution formation in combustion-synthesized Rh/CeO2 catalyst studied by XRD, TEM, XPS, and EXAFS, Chemistry of Material, 2004, 16 (11): 2317~2328
[37] Bera P, Priolkar K R, Gayen A et al., Ionic dispersion of Pt over CeO2 by the combustion method: Structural investigation by XRD, TEM, XPS, and EXAFS, Chemistry of Material, 2003, 15 (10): 2049~2060
[38] Gayen A, Priolkar K R, Shukla A K et al., Oxide-ion conductivity in CuxCe1-xO2-δ(0≤x≤0.10), Materials Research Bulletin, 2005, 40 (3): 421~431
[39] Yao H C, Yao Y F Y, Ceria in automotive exhaust catalysts : I. Oxygen storage, Journal of Catalysis, 1984, 86 (2): 254~265
[40] Hickey N, Fornasiero P, Di Monte R et al., A comparative study of oxygen storage capacity over Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 mixed oxides investigated by temperature programmed reduction and dynamic OSC measurements, Catalysis Letter, 2001, 72 (1-2): 45~50
[41] Rocchini E, Vicario M, Llorca J et al., Reduction and oxygen storage behavior of noble metals supported on silica-doped ceria, Journal of Catalysis, 2002, 211 (2): 407~421
[42] Trovarelli A, Boaro M, Rocchini E et al., Some recent developments in the characterization of ceria-based catalysts, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2001, 323: 584~591
[43] Boaro M, Giordano F, Recchia S et al., On the mechanism of fast oxygen storage and release in ceria-zirconia model catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 52 (3): 225~237
[44] Descorme C, Taha R, Mouaddib-Moral N et al., Oxygen storage capacity measurements of three-way catalysts under transient conditions, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2002, 223 (1-2): 287~299
[45] Vidal H, Kaspar J, Pijolat M et al., Redox behavior of CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides - II. Influence of redox treatments on low surface area catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 30 (1-2): 75~85
[46] Vidal H, Kaspar J, Pijolat M et al., Redox behavior of CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides I. Influence of redox treatments on high surface area catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2000, 27 (1): 49~63
[47] Kaspar J, Fornasiero P, Baiducci G et al., Effect of ZrO2 content on textural and structural properties of CeO2-ZrO2 solid solutions made by citrate complexation route, Inorganica Chimica Acta, 2003, 349: 217~226
[48] Kaspar J, Fornasiero P, Nanostructured materials for advanced automotive de-pollution catalysts, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2003, 171 (1-2): 19~29
[49] Vlaic G, Fornasiero P, Martra G et al., Morphology of rhodium particles in ex-chloride Rh/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 catalyst (vol 190, pg 182, 2000), Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 191 (2): 486~486
[50] Vidal H, Bernal S, Kaspar J et al., Influence of high temperature treatments under net oxidizing and reducing conditions on the oxygen storage and buffering properties of a Ce0.68Zr0.32O2 mixed oxide, Catalysis Today, 1999, 54 (1): 93~100
[51] Montini T, Banares M A, Hickey N et al., Promotion of reduction in Ce0.5Zr0.5O2: the pyrochlore structure as effect rather than cause?, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2004, 6 (1): 1~3
[52] Fally F, Perrichon V, Vidal H et al., Modification of the oxygen storage capacity of CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides after redox cycling aging, Catalysis Today, 2000, 59 (3-4): 373~386
[53] Mamontov E, Egami T, Brezny R et al., Lattice Defects and Oxygen Storage Capacity of Nanocrystalline Ceria and Ceria-Zirconia, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 2000, 47 (104): 11110~11116
[54] Nagai Y, Yamamoto T, Tanaka T et al., X-ray absorption fine structure analysis of local structure of CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides with the same composition ratio (Ce/Zr=1), Catalysis Today, 2002, 74 (3-4): 225~234
[55] Balducci G, Islam M S, Kaspar J et al., Bulk reduction and oxygen migration in the ceria-based oxides, Chemistry of Material, 2000, 12 (3): 677~681
[56] Frolova E V, Ivanovskaya M, Sadykov V et al., Properties of Ce-Zr-La-O nano-system with ruthenium modified surface, Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 2005, 33 (2-4): 317~325
[57] Zhang T S, Ma J, Chan S H et al., Intermediate-temperature ionic conductivity of ceria-based solid solutions as a function of gadolinia and silica contents, Solid State Science, 2004, 6 (6): 565~572
[58] Liang Q, Wu X D, Weng D et al., Selective oxidation of soot over Cu doped ceria/ceria-zirconia catalysts, Catal Commun, 2008, 9 (2): 202~206
[59] Jia L, Shen M, Hao J et al., Dynamic oxygen storage and release over Mn0.1Ce0.9Ox and Mn0.1Ce0.6Zr0.3Ox complex compounds and structural characterization, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2008, doi:10.1016 /j.jallcom. 2006.12.040
[60] Balducci G, Islam M S, Kaspar J et al., Reduction process in CeO2-MO and CeO2-M2O3 mixed oxides: A computer simulation study, Chemistry of Material, 2003, 15 (20): 3781~3785
[61] Rao T, Shen M Q, Jia L W et al., Oxidation of ethanol over Mn-Ce-O and Mn-Ce-Zr-O complex compounds synthesized by sol-gel method, Catalysis Communication, 2007, 8 (11): 1743~1747
[62] Ikryannikova L N, Markaryan G L, Kharlanov A N et al., Electron-accepting surface properties of ceria-(praseodymia)-zirconia solids modified by Y3+ or La3+ studied by paramagnetic probe method, Appllied Surface Science, 2003, 207 (1-4): 100~114
[63] Wu X D, Wu X D, Liang Q et al., Structure and oxygen storage capacity of Pr/Nd doped CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides, Solid State Science, 2007, 9 (7): 636~643
[64] Wu X D, Liang Q, Weng D, Effect of manganese doping on oxygen storage capacity of ceria-zirconia mixed oxides, Journal of Rare Earths, 2006, 24 (5): 549~553
[65] Sugiura M, Oxygen storage materials for automotive catalysts: ceria-zirconia solid solutions, Catalysis Survey from Asia, 2003, 7 (1): 77~87
[66] Di Monte R, Fornasiero P, Desinan S et al., Thermal stabilization of CexZr1-xO2 oxygen storage promoters by addition of Al2O3: Effect of thermal aging on textural, structural, and morphological properties, Chemistry of Materials, 2004, 16 (22): 4273~4285
[67] Wu X, Yang B, Weng D, Effect of Ce-Zr mixed oxides on the thermal stability of transition aluminas at elevated temperature, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2004, 376 (1-2): 241-245
[68] Di Monte R, Fornasiero P, Kaspar J et al., Stabilisation of nanostructured CeO2-ZrO2 solid solutions by addition of Al2O3: a suitable way for production of thermally stable oxygen storage/release promoters for three-way catalysts, Oxide-Based Systems at the Crossroads of Chemistry, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Bv, 2001, pp. 229~236
[69] Sobukawa H, Development of Ceria-Zirconia Solid Solutions and FutureTrends, R&D Review of Toyota CRDL, 2003, 37 (4): 1~5
[70] Suzuki T, Morikawa A, Suda A et al., Alumina-Ceria-Zirconia Composite Oxide for Three-Way Catalyst, R&D Review of Toyota CRDL, 2003, 37 (4): 28~33
[71] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Salamanca L N et al., Structural and Redox Properties of Ceria in Alumina-Supported Ceria Catalyst Supports, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2000, 104 (17): 4038~4046
[72] Martinez-Arias A, Cataluna R, Conesa J C et al., Effect of Copper-Ceria Interactions on Copper Reduction in a Cu/CeO2/Al2O3 Catalyst Subjected to Thermal Treatments in CO, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 1998, 102 (5): 809~817
[73] Martinez-Arias A, Coronado J M, Cataluna R et al., Influence of Mutual Platinum-Dispersed Ceria Interactions on the Promoting Effect of Ceria for the CO Oxidation Reaction in a Pt/CeO2/Al2O3 Catalyst, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 1998, 102 (22): 4357~4365
[74] Bernal S, Calvino J J, Cauqui M A et al., Some recent results on metal/support interaction effects in NM/CeO2 (NM: noble metal) catalysts, Catalysis Today, 1999, 50 (2): 175~206
[75] Bernal S, Calvino J J, Gatica J M et al., Nanostructural Evolution of a Pt/CeO2Catalyst Reduced at Increasing Temperatures (473-1223 K): A HREM Study, Journal of Catalysis, 1997, 169 (2): 510~515
[76] Bernal S, Botana F J, Calvino J J et al., HREM study of the behaviour of a Rh/CeO2 catalyst under high temperature reducing and oxidizing conditions, Catalysis Today, 1995, 23 (3): 219~250
[77] Hu Z, Wan C Z, Lui Y K et al., Design of a novel Pd three-way catalyst: Integration of catalytic functions in three dimensions, Catalysis Today, 1996, 30 (1-3): 83~89
[78] Ranga Rao G, Fornasiero P, Di Monte R et al., Reduction of NO over Partially Reduced Metal-Loaded CeO2-ZrO2Solid Solutions, Journal of Catalysis, 1996, 162 (1): 1~9
[79] Bernal S, Calvino J J, Cauqui M A et al., Image simulation and experimental HREM study of the metal dispersion in Rh/CeO2 catalysts. Influence of the reduction/reoxidation conditions, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1998, 16 (2): 127~138
[80] Graham G W, O'Neill A E, Chen A E, Pd encapsulation in automotive exhaust-gas catalysts, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2003, 252 (2): 437~445
[81] Graham G W, Jen H W, Chun W et al., High-Temperature-Aging-Induced Encapsulation of Metal Particles by Support Materials: Comparative Results for Pt, Pd, and Rh on Cerium-Zirconium Mixed Oxides, Journal of Catalysis, 1999, 182 (1): 228~233
[82] Hori C E, Brenner A, Simon Ng K Y et al., Studies of the oxygen release reaction in the platinum-ceria-zirconia system, Catalysis Today, 1999, 50 (2): 299~308
[83] R.T.K.Baker, the interaction of palladium with alumina and titanium oxide supports, Journal of catalysis, 1984, 1984 (89): 422~432
[84] Force C, Ruiz Paniego A, Guil J M et al., Metal Sintering in Rh/Al2O3 Catalysts Followed by HREM, 1H NMR, and H2 Chemisorption, Langmuir, 2001, 17 (9): 2720~2726
[85] Penner S, Wang D, Su D S et al., Platinum nanocrystals supported by silica, alumina and ceria: metal-support interaction due to high-temperature reduction in hydrogen, Surf Sci, 2003, 532~535
[86] Zhong X, Zhu J, Liu J, Study of the interfacial structure of a Pt/[alpha]-Al2O3 model catalyst under high-temperature hydrogen reduction, Journal of Catalysis, 2005, 236 (1): 9~13
[87] Suhonen S, Valden M, Hietikko M et al., Effect of Ce-Zr mixed oxides on the chemical state of Rh in alumina supported automotive exhaust catalysts studied by XPS and XRD, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2001, 218 (1-2): 151~160
[88] Colon G, Pijolat M, Valdivieso F et al., Surface and structural characterization of CexZr1-xO2 CEZIRENCAT mixed oxides as potential three-way catalyst promoters, Journal of the Chemical Society-Faraday Transactions, 1998, 94 (24): 3717~3726
[89] Fu Y P, Lin C H, Preparation of CexZr1-xO2 powders by microwave-induced combustion process, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2003, 354 (1-2): 232~235
[90] Zhan Y Y, Cai G H, Xiao Y H et al., The relationship between structure and oxygen storage capacity of CexZr1-xO2 solid solution, Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2007, 27 (11): 2266~2269
[91] An Y, Zhu L Y, Wang J et al., Catalytic activity of ceria-zirconia nanostructured materials prepared via reversed microemulsion method, Journal of Rare Earths, 2005, 23 (6): 690~694
[92] An Y A, Li L, Wang J et al., Preparation and characterization of CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution ultrafine particles using reversed microemulsion, Journal of Rare Earths, 2005, 23 (4): 416~419
[93] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Belver C et al., EPR study on oxygen handling properties of ceria, zirconia and Zr-Ce (1 : 1) mixed oxide samples, Catalysis Letter, 2000, 65 (4): 197~204
[94] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Hungria A B et al., Spectroscopic Characterization of Heterogeneity and Redox Effects in Zirconium-Cerium (1:1) Mixed Oxides Prepared by Microemulsion Methods, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2003, 107 (12): 2667~2677
[95] Sergent N, Lamonier J F, Aboukais A, Electron paramagnetic resonance in combination with the thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy to follow the structural properties of ZrxCe1-xO2 solid systems and precursors, Chemistry of Material, 2000, 12 (12): 3830~3835
[96] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Galvez O et al., Comparative study on redox properties and catalytic behavior for CO oxidation of CuO/CeO2 and CuO/ZrCeO4 catalysts, Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 195 (1): 207~216
[97] Zhao M W, Shen M Q, Wang J, Effect of surface area and bulk structure on oxygen storage capacity of Ce0.67Zr0.33O2, Journal of Catalysis, 2007, 248 (2): 258~267
[98] Boaro M, Giordano F, Recchia S et al., On the mechanism of fast oxygen storage and release in ceria-zirconia model catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 52 (3): 225~237
[99] Costa C N, Christou S Y, Georgiou G et al., Mathematical modeling of the oxygen storage capacity phenomenon studied by CO pulse transient experiments over Pd/CeO2 catalyst, Journal of Catalysis, 2003, 219 (2): 259~272
[100] Wang J B, Tai Y-L, Dow W-P et al., Study of ceria-supported nickel catalyst and effect of yttria doping on carbon dioxide reforming of methane, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2001, 218 (1-2): 69~79
[101] Yeste M P, Hernandez J C, Bernal S et al., Redox Behavior of Thermally Aged Ceria-Zirconia Mixed Oxides. Role of Their Surface and Bulk Structural Properties, Chemistry of Material, 2006, 18 (11): 2750~2757
[102] Hilaire S, Wang X, Luo T et al., A comparative study of water-gas-shift reaction over ceria supported metallic catalysts, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2001, 215 (1-2): 271~278
[103] Hickey N, Fornasiero P, Kaspar J et al., Effects of the nature of the reducing agent on the transient redox behavior of NM/Ce0.68Zr0.32O2 (NM = Pt, Pd, and Rh), Journal of Catalysis, 2001, 200 (1): 181~193
[104] Yeste M P, Hernandez J C, Bernal S et al., Redox behavior of thermally aged ceria-zirconia mixed oxides. Role of their surface and bulk structural properties, Chemistry of Material, 2006, 18 (11): 2750~2757
[105] Alessandri I, Banares M A, Depero L E et al., Structural investigation of Ce2Zr2O8 after redox treatments which lead to low temperature reduction, Topics in Catalysis, 2006, 41 (1-4): 35~42
[106] Montini T, Hickey N, Fornasiero P et al., Variations in the Extent of Pyrochlore-Type Cation Ordering in Ce2Zr2O8: A t'-κ Pathway to Low-Temperature Reduction, Chemistry of Material, 2005, 17 (5): 1157~1166
[107] Shah P R, Kim T, Zhou G et al., Evidence for Entropy Effects in the Reduction of Ceria-Zirconia Solutions, Chemistry of Material, 2006, 18 (22): 5363~5369
[108] Conesa J C, Computer modeling of local level structures in (Ce, Zr) mixed oxide, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2003, 107 (34): 8840~8853
[109] Nibbelke R H, Nievergeld A J L, Hoebink J et al., Development of a transient kinetic model for the CO oxidation by O2 over a Pt/Rh/CeO2/gamma-Al2O3 three-way catalyst, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1998, 19 (3-4): 245~259
[110] Cordatos H, Ford D, Gorte R J, Simulated Annealing Study of the Structure and Reducibility in Ceria Clusters, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1996, 100 (46): 18128~18132
[111] Cordatos H, Bunluesin T, Stubenrauch J et al., Effect of Ceria Structure on Oxygen Migration for Rh/Ceria Catalysts, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1996, 100 (2): 785~789
[112] Putna E S, Gorte R J, Vohs J M et al., Evidence for Enhanced Dissociation of CO on Rh/Ceria, Journal of Catalysis, 1998, 178 (2): 598~603
[113] Aneggi E, Llorca J, Boaro M et al., Surface-structure sensitivity of CO oxidation over polycrystalline ceria powders, Journal of Catalysis, 2005, 234 (1): 88~95
[114] Mamontov E, Brezny R, Koranne M et al., Nanoscale heterogeneities and oxygen storage capacity of Ce0.5Zr0.5O2, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2003, 107 (47): 13007~13014
[115] Mamontov E, Egami T, Brezny R et al., Lattice defects and oxygen storage capacity of nanocrystalline ceria and ceria-zirconia, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2000, 104 (47): 11110~11116
[116] Fornasiero P, Fonda E, Di Monte R et al., Relationships between structural /textural properties and redox behavior in Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 mixed oxides, Journal of Catalysis, 1999, 187 (1): 177~185
[117] Boaro M, Trovarelli A, Hwang J H et al., Electrical and oxygen storage/release properties of nanocrystalline ceria-zirconia solid solutions, Solid State Ionic, 2002, 147 (1-2): 85~95
[118] Fornasiero P, Kaspar J, Graziani M, On the rate determining step in the reduction of CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1999, 22 (1): L11~L14
[119]李丽,锶掺杂改性铈锆固溶体的研究,硕士学位论文:天津,天津大学, 2005
[120]朱凌云,锶掺杂的铈锆固溶体和贵金属相互作用研究,硕士学位论文:天津,天津大学, 2005
[121] An Y, Shen M, Wang J, Comparison of the microstructure and oxygen storage capacity modification of Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 from CaO and MgO doping, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2007, 441 (1-2): 305~310
[122]安源,碱土金属掺杂对铈锆固溶体结构及储放氧性能影响的研究,博士学位论文:天津,天津大学, 2006
[123] Fernandez-Garcia M, Martinez-Arias A, Guerrero-Ruiz A et al., Ce-Zr-Ca ternary mixed oxides: Structural characteristics and oxygen handling properties, Journal of Catalysis, 2002, 211 (2): 326~334
[124] Reddy B M, Khan A, Nanosized CeO2-SiO2, CeO2-TiO2, and CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides: Influence of supporting oxide on thermal stability and oxygen storage properties of ceria, Catalysis Surveys from Asia, 2005, 9 (3): 155~171
[125] Damyanova S, Perez C A, Schmal M et al., Characterization of ceria-coated alumina carrier, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2002, 234 (1-2): 271~282
[126] Tang X L, Zhang B C, Li Y et al., CuO/CeO2 catalysts: Redox features and catalytic behaviors, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2005, 288 (1-2): 116~125
[127] Vidmar P, Fornasiero P, Kaspar J et al., Effects of Trivalent Dopants on the Redox Properties of Ce0.6Zr0.4O2Mixed Oxide, Journal of Catalysis, 1997, 171 (1): 160~168
[128] Boaro M, de Leitenburg C, Dolcetti G et al., The Dynamics of Oxygen Storage in Ceria-Zirconia Model Catalysts Measured by CO Oxidation under Stationary and Cycling Feedstream Compositions, Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 193 (2): 338~347
[129] Shah P R, Kim T, Zhou G et al., Evidence for entropy effects in the reduction of ceria-zirconia solutions, Chemistry of Material, 2006, 18 (22): 5363~5369
[130] Omata T, Kishimoto H, Otsuka-Yao-Matsuo S et al., Vibrational Spectroscopic and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Cerium Zirconium Oxides with Ce/Zr Composition Ratio=1 Prepared by Reduction and Successive Oxidation of t'-(Ce0.5Zr0.5)O2 Phase, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 1999, 147 (2): 573~583
[131] Fornasiero P, Dimonte R, Rao G R et al., Rh-Loaded CeO2-ZrO2 Solid Solutions as Highly Efficient Oxygen Exchangers: Dependence of the Reduction Behavior and the Oxygen Storage Capacity on the Structural-Properties, Journal of Catalysis, 1995, 151 (1): 168~177
[132] Hori C E, Ng K Y S, Brenner A et al., The effects of aging temperature and aging time on the oxygen storage capacity of Pt-Rh/CeZrO2 catalysts, Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2001, 18 (1): 23~33
[133] Bozo C, Guilhaume N, Herrmann J-M, Role of the Ceria-Zirconia Support in the Reactivity of Platinum and Palladium Catalysts for Methane Total Oxidation under Lean Conditions, Journal of Catalysis, 2001, 203 (2): 393~406
[134] Ciuparu D, Bozon-Verduraz F, Pfefferle L, Oxygen Exchange between Palladium and Oxide Supports in Combustion Catalysts, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2002, 106 (13): 3434~3442
[135] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Iglesias-Juez A et al., Influence of thermal sintering on the activity for CO-O2 and CO-O2-NO stoichiometric reactions over Pd/(Ce, Zr)Ox/Al2O3 catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2002, 38 (2): 151~158
[136] Lambrou P S, Costa C N, Christou S Y et al., Dynamics of oxygen storage and release on commercial aged Pd-Rh three-way catalysts and their characterization by transient experiments, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2004, 54 (4): 237~250
[137] Graham G W, O'Neill A E, Chen A E, Pd encapsulation in automotive exhaust-gas catalysts, Applied Catalysis A: General, 2003, 252 (2): 437~445
[138] Graham G W, Shigapov A N, Revised model of strain in ceria-zirconia- encapsulated precious-metal particles, Catalysis Letter, 2002, 81 (3-4): 253~257
[139] Graham G W, Sun H, Jen H W et al., Aging-induced metal redistribution in bimetallic catalysts, Catalysis Letter, 2002, 81 (1-2): 1~7
[140] Fornasiero P, Kaspar J, Sergo V et al., Redox behavior of high-surface-area Rh-, Pt-, and Pd-loaded Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 mixed oxide, Journal of Catalysis, 1999, 182 (1): 56~69
[141] Zhu H, Qin Z, Shan W et al., CO oxidation at low temperature over Pd supported on CeO2-TiO2 composite oxide, Catalysis Today, 2007, 126 (3-4): 382~386
[142] Zhu H, Qin Z, Shan W et al., Pd/CeO2-TiO2 catalyst for CO oxidation at low temperature: a TPR study with H2 and CO as reducing agents, Journal of Catalysis, 2004, 225 (2): 267~277
[143] Bunluesin T, Gorte R J, Graham G W, Studies of the water-gas-shift reaction on ceria-supported Pt, Pd, and Rh: Implications for oxygen-storage properties, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1998, 15 (1-2): 107~114
[144] Fornasiero P, Kaspar J, Montini T et al., Interaction of molecular hydrogen with three-way catalyst model of Pt/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2/Al2O3 type, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 2003, 204-205 683~691
[145]谢鲜梅,刘洁翔,吴旭等, CuMgAl类水滑石的制备和表征,现代化工, 2005, 9:37～40
[146] Liu Y, Zhai Y Q, Li Y D, Preparation of Ce-Zr-O solid solution, Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, 2004, 82 (2): 295~302
[147] Frolova E V, Ivanovskaya M I, Hlushonak H K, Ce-Zr-Al-O system with host-guest interactions: Peculiarities of the optical properties, Optical Materials, 2006, 28 (6-7): 660~664
[148] Frolova E V, Ivanovskaya M I, Kosareva Y A, Morphologically dependent structural peculiarities of Ce-Zr-Al-O system, Thin Solid Films, 2006, 495 (1-2): 139~143
[149] Zhao M, Shen M, Wen X et al., Ce-Zr-Sr ternary mixed oxides structural characteristics and oxygen storage capacity, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2007, In Press, Corrected Proof
[150] Morikawa A, Suzuki T, Kanazawa T et al., A new concept in high performance ceria-zirconia oxygen storage capacity material with Al2O3 as a diffusion barrier, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2008, 78 (3-4): 210~221
[151] Nibbelke R H, Hoebink J, Marin G B, Kinetically induced multiplicity of steady states in integral catalytic reactors, Chemical Engineering Science, 1998, 53 (12): 2195~2210
[152] Fernandez-Garcia M, Martinez-Arias A, Hungria A B et al., Thermal behavior of (Ce,Zr)Ox/Al2O3 complex oxides prepared by a microemulsion method, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2002, 4 (11): 2473~2481
[153] Fernandez-Garcia M, Martinez-Arias A, Iglesias-Juez A et al., Structural characteristics and redox behavior of CeO2-ZrO2/Al2O3 supports, Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 194 (2): 385~392
[154] Reddy B M, Lakshmanan P, Khan A, Investigation of surface structures of dispersed V2O5 on CeO2-SiO2, CeO2-TiO2, and CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxides by XRD, Raman, and XPS techniques, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2004, 108 (43): 16855~16863
[155] Wu X, Fan J, Ran R et al., Effect of preparation method on the surface and redox properties of Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 mixed oxides, Journal of Alloys and Compound, 2005, 395 (1-2): 135~140
[156] Wu X D, Fan J, Ran R et al., Effect of preparation methods on the structure and redox behavior of platinum-ceria-zirconia catalysts, Chemical Engineering Journal, 2005, 109 (1-3): 133~139
[157] Piras A, Colussi S, Trovarelli A et al., Structural and Morphological Investigation of Ceria-Promoted Al2O3 under Severe Reducing/Oxidizing Conditions, Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2005, 109 (22): 11110~11118
[158] Piras A, Trovarelli A, Dolcetti G, Remarkable stabilization of transition alumina operated by ceria under reducing and redox conditions, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2000, 28 (2): L77~L81
[159] Kozlov A I, Kim D H, Yezerets A et al., Effect of preparation method and redox treatment on the reducibility and structure of supported ceria-zirconia mixed oxide, Journal of Catalysis, 2002, 209 (2): 417~426
[160] Kim D J, Lattice parameters, Ionic conductivities and solubility limits influorite-structure MO2oxide(M=Hf4+, Zr4+, Ce4+, Th4+, U4+)solid solution, Journal of American Ceramic Society, 1989, 72 1415~1423
[161] Yamamoto T, Hatsui T, Matsuyama T et al., Structures and acid-base properties of La/Al2O3 - Role of La addition to enhance thermal stability of gamma-Al2O3, Chemistry of Material, 2003, 15 (25): 4830~4840
[162] Wang X, Gorte R J, Wagner J P, Deactivation mechanisms for Pd/ceria during the water-gas-shift reaction, Journal of Catalysis, 2002, 212 (2): 225~230
[163] Hickey N, Fornasiero P, Di Monte R et al., Reactivation of aged model Pd/Ce0.68Zr0.32O2 three-way catalyst by high temperature oxidising treatmentt, Chemical Communication, 2004, (2): 196~197
[164] Fornasiero P, Hickey N, Kaspar J et al., Redox and chemisorptive properties of ex-chloride and ex-nitrate Rh/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 catalysts - 1. Effect of low-temperature redox cycling, Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 189 (2): 326~338
[165] Fornasiero P, Hickey N, Kaspar J et al., Redox and chemisorptive properties of ex-chloride and ex-nitrate Rh/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 catalysts - 2. Effect of high-temperature redox cycling, Journal of Catalysis, 2000, 189 (2): 339~348
[166]林棋,付海燕,袁茂林等,负载离子液体纳米钯催化芳卤羰化反应,物理化学学报, 2006, 22 (10): 1272~1276
[167] Wu X, Xu L, Weng D, The thermal stability and catalytic performance of Ce-Zr promoted Rh-Pd/α-Al2O3 automotive catalysts, Appllied Surface Science, 2004, 221 (1-4): 375~383
[168] Gigola C E, Moreno M S, Costilla I et al., Characterization of Pd-CeOx interaction on alpha-Al2O3 support, Appllied Surface Science, 2007, 254 (1): 325~329
[169] Zhao M W, Shen M Q, Wang J et al., Influence of pd morphology and support surface area on redox ability of Pd/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 under CO-He pulse and transient CO-O2 measurements, Industial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2007, 46 (24): 7883~7890
[170] Holmgren A, Andersson B, Duprez D, Interactions of CO with Pt/ceria catalysts, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 1999, 22 (3): 215~230
[171] Holmgren A, Duprez D, Andersson B, A Model of Oxygen Transport in Pt/Ceria Catalysts from Isotope Exchange, Journal of Catalysis, 1999, 182 (2): 441~448
[172] Aneggi E, Boaro M, Leitenburg C d et al., Insights into the dynamics of oxygen storage/release phenomena in model ceria-zirconia catalysts as inferred from transient studies using H2, CO and soot as reductants, Catalysis Today, 2006, 112 (1-4): 94~98
[173] Fernandez-Garcia M, Martinez-Arias A, Iglesias-Juez A et al., New Pd/CexZr1-xO2/Al2O3 three-way catalysts prepared by microemulsion - Part 1. Characterization and catalytic behavior for CO oxidation, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 31 (1): 39~50
[174] Iglesias-Juez A, Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Metal-promoter interface in Pd/(Ce,Zr)Ox/Al2O3 catalysts: effect of thermal aging, Journal of Catalysis, 2004, 221 (1): 148~161
[175] Fernandez-Garcia M, Iglesias-Juez A, Martinez-Arias A et al., Role of the state of the metal component on the light-off performance of Pd-based three-way catalysts, Journal of Catalysis l, 2004, 221 (2): 594~600
[176] Fornasiero P, Kaspar J, Graziani M, Redox Behavior of High Surface Area Rh-Loaded Ce0.5Zr0.5O2Mixed Oxide, Journal of Catalysis, 1997, 167 (2): 576~580
[177] Boaro M, Vicario M, de Leitenburg C et al., The use of temperature programmed and dynamic/transient methods in catalysis: characterization of ceria-based, model three-way catalysts, Catalysis Today, 2003, 77 (4): 407-417
[178] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Iglesias-Juez A et al., New Pd/CexZr1-xO2/Al2O3 three-way catalysts prepared by microemulsion - Part 2. In situ analysis of CO oxidation and NO reduction under stoichiometric CO+NO+O2, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 31 (1): 51~60
[179] Martinez-Arias A, Fernandez-Garcia M, Hungria A B et al., Effect of thermal sintering on light-off performance of Pd/(Ce,Zr)Ox/Al2O3 three-way catalysts: Model gas and engine tests, Journal of Catalysis, 2001, 204 (1): 238~248
[180] Fernandez-Garcia M, Martinez-Arias A, Iglesias-Juez A et al., New Pd/CexZr1-xO2/Al2O3 three-way catalysts prepared by microemulsion: Part 1. Characterization and catalytic behavior for CO oxidation, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 31 (1): 39~50