管道系统减振方法及密封间隙流体激振力的影响因素研究
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摘要
在石油化工领域中，管道系统的振动已经成为一种很普遍的现象。它对企业的安全生产造成了很大的威胁，也是很多火灾和爆炸事故的直接原因。在转子密封系统中，转子的偏心所导致的流体激振现象日益成为高速旋转机械的重大安全隐患，全世界每年因流体激振所损坏的机械也不计其数。针对这两大人们备受关注的问题，本文主要了以下工作：
（1）结合实际工程案例分析和总结了管道以及管道附件振动的常见原因，运用FLUENT流体计算软件对管道弯头内流场进行模拟，分析出影响弯头冲击力的因素，为管道减振提供了理论依据。
（2）主要以两个管道减振实际工程案例讲述了如何根据实际情况来对管道进行有效减振，结合实际分析了新型液体粘滞阻尼器的减振原理及其优点。
（3）分析了流体激振产生的根本机理，并运用FLUENT流体计算软件对转子偏心时光滑密封间隙流场进行模拟，分析出转子偏心时密封间隙的流场特征，通过控制变量法分析出影响流体激振里的主要因素。
（4）运用FLUENT软件对转子偏心时蜂窝密封间隙流场进行数值模拟，分析流场特性，并将蜂窝密封和光滑密封所产生的流体激振力进行对比，证明了蜂窝密封可以有效减小转子密封系统的流体激振力。
In the field of petroleum and chemical, vibration of pipe-system hasbecome a very common phenomenon. It makes a significant threaten to safetyand production of enterprise and it is also the direct cause of a lot of fire andexplosion accidents. In rotor and seal system, the fluid excitation caused byeccentricity of rotor is becoming a major threaten for high-speed rotatingmachinery, and countless machines break due to the fluid excitation each yearall over the world. In the aim of solving these two problems, the flowingworks have been done in this paper:
(1) Analysis and summary on the common reason why pipe-systemvibrates have been made. Flow field in pipe elbow was simulated withsoftware of Fluent, and factors effecting impaction of elbow were figured out,which provided theoretical basis for damping of pipe-system.
(2) An example was made with two real projects, it investigated how tocontrol vibration of pipe according to actual situation, represented theprinciple and the installation method of new viscous damper, which provided practical basis for damping of pipe-system.
(3) The basic principle of fluid induced vibration was analyzed and lotsof simulations of flow field characteristic in seal clearance were made withsoftware of Fluent when rotor produces an eccentric quantity. The mainfactors effecting excitation force were figured out by control variable method,which provided theoretical basis for reducing the fluid excitation of rotor.
(4) The software of Fluent was used to simulate the flow field inhoneycomb seal gap when the rotor has eccentricity. The characteristics offluid were figured out. Comparison between the vibration force in smooth sealand in honeycomb seal was made, which proofed that honeycomb seal canreduce the exciting vibration force.
（1）结合实际工程案例分析和总结了管道以及管道附件振动的常见原因，运用FLUENT流体计算软件对管道弯头内流场进行模拟，分析出影响弯头冲击力的因素，为管道减振提供了理论依据。
（2）主要以两个管道减振实际工程案例讲述了如何根据实际情况来对管道进行有效减振，结合实际分析了新型液体粘滞阻尼器的减振原理及其优点。
（3）分析了流体激振产生的根本机理，并运用FLUENT流体计算软件对转子偏心时光滑密封间隙流场进行模拟，分析出转子偏心时密封间隙的流场特征，通过控制变量法分析出影响流体激振里的主要因素。
（4）运用FLUENT软件对转子偏心时蜂窝密封间隙流场进行数值模拟，分析流场特性，并将蜂窝密封和光滑密封所产生的流体激振力进行对比，证明了蜂窝密封可以有效减小转子密封系统的流体激振力。
In the field of petroleum and chemical, vibration of pipe-system hasbecome a very common phenomenon. It makes a significant threaten to safetyand production of enterprise and it is also the direct cause of a lot of fire andexplosion accidents. In rotor and seal system, the fluid excitation caused byeccentricity of rotor is becoming a major threaten for high-speed rotatingmachinery, and countless machines break due to the fluid excitation each yearall over the world. In the aim of solving these two problems, the flowingworks have been done in this paper:
(1) Analysis and summary on the common reason why pipe-systemvibrates have been made. Flow field in pipe elbow was simulated withsoftware of Fluent, and factors effecting impaction of elbow were figured out,which provided theoretical basis for damping of pipe-system.
(2) An example was made with two real projects, it investigated how tocontrol vibration of pipe according to actual situation, represented theprinciple and the installation method of new viscous damper, which provided practical basis for damping of pipe-system.
(3) The basic principle of fluid induced vibration was analyzed and lotsof simulations of flow field characteristic in seal clearance were made withsoftware of Fluent when rotor produces an eccentric quantity. The mainfactors effecting excitation force were figured out by control variable method,which provided theoretical basis for reducing the fluid excitation of rotor.
(4) The software of Fluent was used to simulate the flow field inhoneycomb seal gap when the rotor has eccentricity. The characteristics offluid were figured out. Comparison between the vibration force in smooth sealand in honeycomb seal was made, which proofed that honeycomb seal canreduce the exciting vibration force.
引文
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[2]赵子琴,李树勋,徐登伟,吴寿敬.管道振动的减振方案及工程应用[J].管道技术与设备,2011,(3):54-56
[3]郄殿华.压力管道振动的解决实例[J].石油和化工设备,2009,(06):25-26
[4] P.A.A. Laura, G.M. Ficcadenti de Iglesias, P.L. Verniere de Irassar. A note on flexuralvibrations of a pipeline containing flowing fluid[J]. Applied Acoustics,1987,21(03):191-198
[5]竺晓程,杜朝辉.带叶顶间隙轴流转子三维流动的数值模拟[J].上海交通大学学报,37(9):1480-1483
[6]丁磊,何立东,李金波.页顶吸气效应抑制叶片振动的研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(6):121-124
[7]赵力电.压力管道振动分析[J].管道技术与设备,2006,(06):31-32
[8]郑兆昌.机械振动[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1980:54-57
[9]郝婷玥,陈贵清,徐光耀.输流管道振动问题的研究[J].水利科技与经,2008,14(7):32-35
[10]李佩蓉,流体在管道中流动时管道自振特性的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2007
[11]张瑾瑾,赵子龙.流体在管道中流动时管道的自振特性研究[J].太原科技大学学报,2010,31(4):330-333
[12]蒲广益. ANSYS Workbench12基础教程与实例详解[M],北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010
[13] Gongmin Liu, Yanhua Li. Vibration analysis of liquid-filled pipelines with elasticconstraints[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2011,330(03):3166-3181
[14]宋晓辉.往复压缩机振动分析及减振措施[D].北京:北京化工大学,2010
[15]龙晶.化工管道振动有限元分析及减振措施[D].大庆:大庆石油学院,2008
[16]刘峻伸,吴明,李少鹏,等.干线石油管道振动的ANSYS分析[J].管道技术与设备,2011,(2):16-19
[17]马爱梅,鹿晓阳,陈红艳.基于流体动力学的弯管应力有限元分析[J].机械设计,2006,23(03):50-52
[18]张志飞,周昌静,解利芹.往复压缩机管道振动的消减[J].管道技术与设备,2006,(01):19-21
[19]陈章位,于慧君.振动控制技术现状与进展[J].2007,第九届全国振动理论及应用学术会议论文集:7-14
[20]郑久建.粘滞阻尼减震结构分析方法及设计理论研究[D].北京:中国建筑科学研究院,2003
[21]姜洋,何立东,伍伟.丙烷塔空冷器集合管管道阻尼减振技术研究[J].石油化工设备技术,2011,32(2):19-24
[22]郑水英,沈庆根.迷宫密封流体激振消振措施的研究[J].化工机械,25(2):14-19
[23]牛茂升,臧述升,黄名海.涡轮叶顶间隙内部流动的数值研究[J].燃气轮机技术,2008,21(4):26-31
[24]尹德志.密封腔吸水及可控吸气的减振实验研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2010
[25]何立东,夏松波.转子密封系统流体激振及其减振技术研究简评[J].振动工程学报,1999,12(1):64-72
[26]何立东,夏松波.转子密封系统流体激振及其减振技术研究简评[J].振动工程学报,1999,12(1):64-72
[27]许林虎.4D12CO2压缩机管道振动分析及减振措施[J].中氮肥,2011,(3):48-49
[28]曹建强,郝点,秦金.气液两相流管道振动测试分析[J].石油与化工设备,2010,13(12):49-52
[29]仇云林,许恒,唐璐.热电厂给水再循环管道振动原因分析及治理[J].广西电力,2011,34(2):41-42
[30]沈荣瀛,胡剑凌.充液管道振动研究[J].噪声与振动控制,1996,(05):18-23
[31]吉天锡.试论离心泵振动韵原因及其防治措施[J].化工设计通讯,28(2):41-43
[32]冯永利.三流道叶轮引起离心泵振动的故障分析[J].化学工程与装备,2011,(04):95-98
[33]宋晓辉,范德顺,乔舰.离心压缩机管系振动分析及减振措施[J].科学技术与工程,2009,9(17):4930-4933
[34]姜文全,杨帆,王茂廷,王莲.基于ANSYS的往复式压缩机管系气柱固有频率计算[M].压缩机技术,2008,(6):13-15
[35]张俊明,姜连田. FLUENT入门与进阶教程[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2008
[36]刘红云,卢捍卫.离心泵振动原因分析和解决方案[J].炼油技术与工程,2009,39(6):20-24
[37]田志刚.离心泵振动的原因及预防[J].石油与化工设备,13(6):43-44
[38]万邦烈,李继志,等.石油工程流体机械[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999
[39]袁东红,华锁宝,顾则红,潘政广,鲁飞.往复泵振动和噪声机理分析及减振降噪措施[J].中国舰船研究,2009,4(5):75-80
[40]吴石,张文平.阀门流场的数值模拟及流噪声的实验研究[J].阀门,2005,(01):7-10
[41]姜阳.石化设备疲劳寿命分析及新型阻尼减振技术研究[D].北京,北京化工大学,2011
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