论共犯的处罚根据
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摘要
关于共同犯罪,很多人将其称为绝望之章。而作为共犯更是其核心的内容,但是我国理论界却对共犯的处罚依据所著较少,很多关于共犯处罚依据的问题得不到解决。本文试从共犯的定义的入手,先确定了共犯的定义,由于共犯的处罚依据实际上主要放在狭义的共犯上,所以在本文的要领的限定上,只选择了狭义的共犯,即排除实行犯的共同犯罪人,具体包括教唆犯和帮助犯两种。
在接下来的论述中,介绍了共同犯罪的本质学说以及共同犯罪的本质学说的选择,主要的争议集中在共同犯罪的行为无价值和结果无价值的选择上,而实际上以结果无价值的选择为中心。所以下文的叙述围绕着以结果无价值为基础的理论进行介绍及学说的优缺点。
从学说史的沿革来看,“共犯的处罚根据论”存在责任共犯说、不法共犯说和引起说三种不同的学说。本文中详细介绍了关于这三种学说的理论研究,实际上在主要的论述都集中在引起说上,引起说内部有三种学说,分别是纯粹引起说、修正引起说、折衷引起说,最后综合三种观点,得出自己的结论。随后,笔者简单地以《唐律》为代表,对其中的共犯的处罚原则作了简单的叙述,以印证我国刑法的传承性。最后,笔者以我国现行刑法为依据,在刑法中共犯的处罚上寻找法律依据,提出自己的关于共犯处罚依据的观点
About the joint crime, many people call it the despair chapter. The complicity is its core content, but our country scholars in criminal law say little words about foundations of complicity. Many questions on punishment foundations of complicity can’t be solved.This article tries to start with the definition of complicity. Firstly, the article has confirmed the definition of complicity. Because punishment foundations of complicity in fact places the narrow complicity, in this article main point's definition, has only chosen the narrow complicity, namely the elimination implements the common perpetrator who violates, includes the abettor and crimes committed by a assister.
In the following elaboration, introduced joint crime's essential theory as well as the choice of the joint crime's essential theory, the main dispute concentrates in the choice of joint crime's behavior and result unworthiness, while in fact we take the choice of the result unworthiness as the center. Therefore, the following narration regards the result unworthiness as the center to introduce demerit and merit of theories.
Analyzing from the theory history's evolution, three different theories on the punishment foundations of complicity exists: responsibility theory and the illegal complicity theory as well as causing theory. In this article introduced in detail these three theory's theory research, in fact concentrated in causing theory that it includes three theories: purely causing theory, the revision causing theory and compromised causing theory. Finally the author synthesized three viewpoints, and drew own conclusion. In the following, the author simply takes "Tang Law" as representative, has made the simple narration to complicity's punishment principle, and it confirms the inheritance of our country criminal law. Finally, on the basis of the actual criminal law, the author looks for the law foundation of the punishment foundations of complicity, bring out own viewpoint on the punishment foundations of complicity.
在接下来的论述中,介绍了共同犯罪的本质学说以及共同犯罪的本质学说的选择,主要的争议集中在共同犯罪的行为无价值和结果无价值的选择上,而实际上以结果无价值的选择为中心。所以下文的叙述围绕着以结果无价值为基础的理论进行介绍及学说的优缺点。
从学说史的沿革来看,“共犯的处罚根据论”存在责任共犯说、不法共犯说和引起说三种不同的学说。本文中详细介绍了关于这三种学说的理论研究,实际上在主要的论述都集中在引起说上,引起说内部有三种学说,分别是纯粹引起说、修正引起说、折衷引起说,最后综合三种观点,得出自己的结论。随后,笔者简单地以《唐律》为代表,对其中的共犯的处罚原则作了简单的叙述,以印证我国刑法的传承性。最后,笔者以我国现行刑法为依据,在刑法中共犯的处罚上寻找法律依据,提出自己的关于共犯处罚依据的观点
About the joint crime, many people call it the despair chapter. The complicity is its core content, but our country scholars in criminal law say little words about foundations of complicity. Many questions on punishment foundations of complicity can’t be solved.This article tries to start with the definition of complicity. Firstly, the article has confirmed the definition of complicity. Because punishment foundations of complicity in fact places the narrow complicity, in this article main point's definition, has only chosen the narrow complicity, namely the elimination implements the common perpetrator who violates, includes the abettor and crimes committed by a assister.
In the following elaboration, introduced joint crime's essential theory as well as the choice of the joint crime's essential theory, the main dispute concentrates in the choice of joint crime's behavior and result unworthiness, while in fact we take the choice of the result unworthiness as the center. Therefore, the following narration regards the result unworthiness as the center to introduce demerit and merit of theories.
Analyzing from the theory history's evolution, three different theories on the punishment foundations of complicity exists: responsibility theory and the illegal complicity theory as well as causing theory. In this article introduced in detail these three theory's theory research, in fact concentrated in causing theory that it includes three theories: purely causing theory, the revision causing theory and compromised causing theory. Finally the author synthesized three viewpoints, and drew own conclusion. In the following, the author simply takes "Tang Law" as representative, has made the simple narration to complicity's punishment principle, and it confirms the inheritance of our country criminal law. Finally, on the basis of the actual criminal law, the author looks for the law foundation of the punishment foundations of complicity, bring out own viewpoint on the punishment foundations of complicity.
引文
[1]大塚仁著:刑法概说(总论)[M] ,冯军译,中国人民大学出版社,2003.
[2]大塚仁著,刑法概说(总论)[M] ,冯军译,中国人民大学出版社, 2003.
[3]赵秉志,香港刑法[M]北京大学出版社, 1996.
[4]木村龟二,刑法总论,[M]有斐阁, 1984.
[5]张明锴:外国刑法纲要[M]清华大学出版社,2007.
[6]野村稔著:刑法总论[M]全理其、何译译,邓又天审校,法律出版社,2001.
[7]木村龟二:犯罪论的新构造(下)[M]有斐阁,1968.
[8]马克昌主编:刑法学全书,[M]上海科学技术文献出版社,1993,.
[9]泷川幸辰:犯罪论序说[M],东京,有斐阁,1947.
[10]板仓宏著,新订刑法总论(补订版)[M]劲草书房,2001.
[11]前田雅英著,条解刑法[M]成文堂,2002.
[12]许泽天:共犯之处罚基础与从属性,载罪与刑林山田教授六十岁生日祝贺论文集[J]五南图书出版有限公司1997.
[13]泷川幸辰著,犯罪论序说(改订版)[M]有斐阁,1955.
[14]大越义久著,共犯论再考[M]成文堂,1988.
[15]高桥则夫:共犯体系和共犯理论[M]成文堂,1988.
[16]野村稔:刑法总论(补订版)[M]成文堂1998.
[17]野村稔:刑法总论(补订版)[M]成文堂1998.
[18]曾根威彦:刑事违法论研究[M]成文堂1998.
[19]山中敬一:刑法总论Ⅱ[M]成文堂2000.
[20]山口厚:问题探究刑法总论,[M]有斐阁1998.
[21] [德]汉斯,海因里希,耶塞克、托马斯,魏根特德国刑法教科书(总论)[M]许久生译,中国政法大学出版社2001.
[22] [德]汉斯,海因里希,耶塞克、托马斯,魏根特德国刑法教科书(总论)[M]许久生译,中国政法大学出版社2001.
[23]大越义久:共犯论再考[M]成文堂1989.
[24]高桥则夫:共犯体系和共犯理论[M]成文堂1988.
[25]高桥则夫:共犯体系和共犯理论[M]成文堂1988.
[26]〔德〕汉斯·海因里希·耶塞克、托马斯·魏根特:德国刑法教科书(总论)[M]许久生译,中国政法大学出版社2001.
[27] [德]汉斯·海因里希·耶塞克、托马斯·魏根特:德国刑法教科书(总论)[M]许久生译,中国政法大学出版社2001.
[28] [日]大越义久:共犯论再考,[M]成文堂1989.
[29] [日]松宫明孝著:刑事立法和犯罪体系,[M]成文堂2003.
[30] [日]高桥则夫:共犯体系和共犯理论[M]成文堂1988.
[31]马克昌,比较刑法原理(外国刑法学总论),[M]武汉大学出版社,2002.
[32] [美]埃德加.博登海默著,邓正来译:法理学――法律哲学与法学方法,[M]中国政法大学出版社,1999.
[33]张明楷:刑法的基本立场[M]中国法制出版社2002.
[34]陈兴良:当代中国刑法新境域[M]中国政法大学出版社2002,.
[2]大塚仁著,刑法概说(总论)[M] ,冯军译,中国人民大学出版社, 2003.
[3]赵秉志,香港刑法[M]北京大学出版社, 1996.
[4]木村龟二,刑法总论,[M]有斐阁, 1984.
[5]张明锴:外国刑法纲要[M]清华大学出版社,2007.
[6]野村稔著:刑法总论[M]全理其、何译译,邓又天审校,法律出版社,2001.
[7]木村龟二:犯罪论的新构造(下)[M]有斐阁,1968.
[8]马克昌主编:刑法学全书,[M]上海科学技术文献出版社,1993,.
[9]泷川幸辰:犯罪论序说[M],东京,有斐阁,1947.
[10]板仓宏著,新订刑法总论(补订版)[M]劲草书房,2001.
[11]前田雅英著,条解刑法[M]成文堂,2002.
[12]许泽天:共犯之处罚基础与从属性,载罪与刑林山田教授六十岁生日祝贺论文集[J]五南图书出版有限公司1997.
[13]泷川幸辰著,犯罪论序说(改订版)[M]有斐阁,1955.
[14]大越义久著,共犯论再考[M]成文堂,1988.
[15]高桥则夫:共犯体系和共犯理论[M]成文堂,1988.
[16]野村稔:刑法总论(补订版)[M]成文堂1998.
[17]野村稔:刑法总论(补订版)[M]成文堂1998.
[18]曾根威彦:刑事违法论研究[M]成文堂1998.
[19]山中敬一:刑法总论Ⅱ[M]成文堂2000.
[20]山口厚:问题探究刑法总论,[M]有斐阁1998.
[21] [德]汉斯,海因里希,耶塞克、托马斯,魏根特德国刑法教科书(总论)[M]许久生译,中国政法大学出版社2001.
[22] [德]汉斯,海因里希,耶塞克、托马斯,魏根特德国刑法教科书(总论)[M]许久生译,中国政法大学出版社2001.
[23]大越义久:共犯论再考[M]成文堂1989.
[24]高桥则夫:共犯体系和共犯理论[M]成文堂1988.
[25]高桥则夫:共犯体系和共犯理论[M]成文堂1988.
[26]〔德〕汉斯·海因里希·耶塞克、托马斯·魏根特:德国刑法教科书(总论)[M]许久生译,中国政法大学出版社2001.
[27] [德]汉斯·海因里希·耶塞克、托马斯·魏根特:德国刑法教科书(总论)[M]许久生译,中国政法大学出版社2001.
[28] [日]大越义久:共犯论再考,[M]成文堂1989.
[29] [日]松宫明孝著:刑事立法和犯罪体系,[M]成文堂2003.
[30] [日]高桥则夫:共犯体系和共犯理论[M]成文堂1988.
[31]马克昌,比较刑法原理(外国刑法学总论),[M]武汉大学出版社,2002.
[32] [美]埃德加.博登海默著,邓正来译:法理学――法律哲学与法学方法,[M]中国政法大学出版社,1999.
[33]张明楷:刑法的基本立场[M]中国法制出版社2002.
[34]陈兴良:当代中国刑法新境域[M]中国政法大学出版社2002,.