硅油离合器机理及关键技术研究
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摘要
随着液体粘性传动技术的发展，越来越多的液体粘性传动装置在很多领域获得了应用，本文在分析现有几种液体粘性传动装置的基础上，从理论上构想设计出一种新的液体粘性传动装置—硅油离合器，并对该装置的结构进行设计，对影响其性能的技术进行分析探讨。
全文共分为五章。第一章为绪论，着重分析了本课题的背景和意义，包括液体粘性传动技术的原理、特点和国内外对该技术的研究现状，以及论文工作的安排。第二章在阅读大量文献的基础上，对目前几个领域获得广泛应用的液体粘性装置的结构、工作原理、粘性剪切转矩的计算进行了总结，给出了硅油离合器的结构形式、工作原理、以及其传递剪切转矩的计算、传递额定转矩的计算，并对离心块工作过程中的受力进行了分析探讨。第三章对硅油离合器进行了设计与校核，对所有的构成部件的结构、尺寸根据设计要求和传递转矩和功率加以设计计算，对需要校核部分进行校核以满足结构强度的要求。另外，设计中密封件采用了新的密封材料—氟胶密封，选用了低粘度的硅油。确定连接螺钉、回位弹簧、以及滚动轴承的型号，绘制了零件图。第四章采用Pro／ENGINEER三维实体设计软件对硅油离合器各构成部件的三维模型进行了建模，并进行了虚拟装配，生成二维工程图。第五章对硅油离合器设计中几个关键影响因素进行了研究与探讨，包括硅油离合器工作介质(硅油／空气)的特性；实现粘性剪切传动对摩擦副的要求、摩擦副材料的选择，并对几种摩擦材料进行对比和研究；离合器工作过程中内部硅油的流动方式、温度和压力特性，并建立了离合器的传热模型。
Along with the liquid viscous transmission technology development, more and moreliquid viscous transmission devices has obtained the application in many fields, this article inthe analysis of existing several kinds of liquid viscous transmission devices foundation,theoretically devises the design of a kind of new liquid viscous transmission device-siliconeoil clutch, and carries on the design to this clutch's structure, studies the factors that affect itsperformance.
The full text altogether divides into five chapters. First chapter is the introduction,emphatically analyzes this topic background and the significance, including liquid viscoustransmission technology principle, characteristic and domestic and foreign present situation tothis technical research, as well as paper work arrangement. Second chapter in the readingmassive literature foundation, summarizes the structure, the working principle, the shearingtorque calculation of liquid viscous devices which are widespread applied to several fields atpresent. The silicone oil clutch structure, the principle of working, the calculation of shearingtorque and rated torque are put forward, further, the forces that act on the centrifugal block inworking process are discussed. Third chapter carries on the design and the correction to thesilicone oil clutch, designs the structure of all constitution parts under the request of designand transmission, examines the parts which need examination to satisfy the structuralstrength request. Moreover, in the design the new seal material-fluorine rubber seal will beused and the low viscosity silicone oil be selected. The determination of screw joint, washer,compressible spring, as well as the rolling bearing is carded on and the detail drawing isdrawn up. Fourth chapter uses Pro/ENGINEER three dimensional entity design softwarerespectively to constitute three-dimensional model of parts of the silicone oil clutch, finallycarries on the virtual assembly of clutch, produces two-dimensional engineering drawing.Fifth chapter conducts several essential factors which directly influence the success of thesilicone oil clutch design, including silicone oil clutch actuating medium (siliconeoil/air)characteristic, the request to friction coupling to realize the shearing transmission, thechoice of friction coupling material. In the article carries on the contrast and the research to several kind of friction materials. The mobile way and temperature change of the internalsilicone oil are studied in the clutch working process, meanwhile the reason elevate theinternal silicone oil's pressure and the characteristic of internal silicone oil are discussed. Inthe end the heat transfer model of clutch is established.
全文共分为五章。第一章为绪论，着重分析了本课题的背景和意义，包括液体粘性传动技术的原理、特点和国内外对该技术的研究现状，以及论文工作的安排。第二章在阅读大量文献的基础上，对目前几个领域获得广泛应用的液体粘性装置的结构、工作原理、粘性剪切转矩的计算进行了总结，给出了硅油离合器的结构形式、工作原理、以及其传递剪切转矩的计算、传递额定转矩的计算，并对离心块工作过程中的受力进行了分析探讨。第三章对硅油离合器进行了设计与校核，对所有的构成部件的结构、尺寸根据设计要求和传递转矩和功率加以设计计算，对需要校核部分进行校核以满足结构强度的要求。另外，设计中密封件采用了新的密封材料—氟胶密封，选用了低粘度的硅油。确定连接螺钉、回位弹簧、以及滚动轴承的型号，绘制了零件图。第四章采用Pro／ENGINEER三维实体设计软件对硅油离合器各构成部件的三维模型进行了建模，并进行了虚拟装配，生成二维工程图。第五章对硅油离合器设计中几个关键影响因素进行了研究与探讨，包括硅油离合器工作介质(硅油／空气)的特性；实现粘性剪切传动对摩擦副的要求、摩擦副材料的选择，并对几种摩擦材料进行对比和研究；离合器工作过程中内部硅油的流动方式、温度和压力特性，并建立了离合器的传热模型。
Along with the liquid viscous transmission technology development, more and moreliquid viscous transmission devices has obtained the application in many fields, this article inthe analysis of existing several kinds of liquid viscous transmission devices foundation,theoretically devises the design of a kind of new liquid viscous transmission device-siliconeoil clutch, and carries on the design to this clutch's structure, studies the factors that affect itsperformance.
The full text altogether divides into five chapters. First chapter is the introduction,emphatically analyzes this topic background and the significance, including liquid viscoustransmission technology principle, characteristic and domestic and foreign present situation tothis technical research, as well as paper work arrangement. Second chapter in the readingmassive literature foundation, summarizes the structure, the working principle, the shearingtorque calculation of liquid viscous devices which are widespread applied to several fields atpresent. The silicone oil clutch structure, the principle of working, the calculation of shearingtorque and rated torque are put forward, further, the forces that act on the centrifugal block inworking process are discussed. Third chapter carries on the design and the correction to thesilicone oil clutch, designs the structure of all constitution parts under the request of designand transmission, examines the parts which need examination to satisfy the structuralstrength request. Moreover, in the design the new seal material-fluorine rubber seal will beused and the low viscosity silicone oil be selected. The determination of screw joint, washer,compressible spring, as well as the rolling bearing is carded on and the detail drawing isdrawn up. Fourth chapter uses Pro/ENGINEER three dimensional entity design softwarerespectively to constitute three-dimensional model of parts of the silicone oil clutch, finallycarries on the virtual assembly of clutch, produces two-dimensional engineering drawing.Fifth chapter conducts several essential factors which directly influence the success of thesilicone oil clutch design, including silicone oil clutch actuating medium (siliconeoil/air)characteristic, the request to friction coupling to realize the shearing transmission, thechoice of friction coupling material. In the article carries on the contrast and the research to several kind of friction materials. The mobile way and temperature change of the internalsilicone oil are studied in the clutch working process, meanwhile the reason elevate theinternal silicone oil's pressure and the characteristic of internal silicone oil are discussed. Inthe end the heat transfer model of clutch is established.
引文
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2．夏国栋．四轮驱动汽车用液体粘性联轴器研究[J]．北京理工大学博士后研究工作报告，1998，(10)：25-30．
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4．刘亮．液体粘性联轴器的转矩及内部热行为特性研究[D]．北京：北京工业大学，2002：12-56．
5．邵威．液体粘性传动摩擦副的研究[D]．浙江杭州：浙江大学，2005：13-56
6．王云成，王军，林逸．4WD汽车应用粘性联轴器分析[J]．汽车技术，2001，(3)：4-6．
7．刘金奎．汽车四轮驱动用液体粘性离合器的理论实验研究[D]．北京：北京理工大学，1993：23-56
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9．杨乃乔，姜丽英．液力调速与节能[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2000：182-185．
10．张松林．轴承手册[M]．南昌：江西科学技术出版社，2004：261-303．
11．成大先．机械设计手册／连接与紧固[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，2004：53-116．
12．[日]土屋喜一．机械实用手册[M]．北京：科学出版社，OHM社，2002：162-164．
13．段广汉，舒森茂，王传贤，莫兆其．离合器结构图册[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，1985：306-307．
14. H. Lamer O. Peier. The Viscomatic-an Externally Controlled ViscousTorque Transfer[J].. SAE, 1990, (93): 102-110.
15. Theodor Gassmann and John Bariage VISCO-LOK. A Speed-sensing Limited-slip Device with High-torque Progressive Engagement[J]. SAE, 1996, 18(07): 143-149.
16. Takeo Hiramatsu and Reiji Usami. A New Hydraulic Coupling Unit(HCU) for 4WD Vehicles[J]. SAE, 1989, 27(05): 1047-1053.
17. Satoshi Ashida, Yukihiro Tanigawa, Hiroaki Asano et al. Development of a Rotary Tri-blade Coupling for Four-wheel Drive Cars[J]. SAE, 1991, 08(06): 157-163.
18. Heinrich Huchtkoetter, Heinz Klein. The Effect of Various Limited-slip Differentials in Front-wheel Drive Vehicles on Handling and Traction[J]. SAE Special Publications, SAE, 1996, 17(07): 131-141.
19. Chris A. Papadopoulos. Brakes and Clutches Using ER Fluids[J]. Mechatronics, 1998, (8): 719-726.
20. Masanori Tani, Hiroo Yuasa, Kei ji Isoda.Controllability and Stability of Various Types of Four Wheel Drive Cars[J]. SAE, 1987, 42(05): 747-769.
21. Muart Okcuoglu. An All Wheel Drive System Utilizing Twin Hydraulic Couplings with Gerodise System[J]. SAE Special Publications, SAE, 1997, 32(35): 1-7.
22．祝凌云，李斌．Pro／ENGINEER野火般入门指南[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003：2-230．
23．唐俊，龙坤，张浩．Pro／ENGINEER WildFire实例教程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2004：3-210．
24．詹友刚．Pro／ENGINEER中文野火版教程—通用模块[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003：550-560．
25．嘉木工作室．Pro／E实体建模实例教程[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2003：1-243．
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27．孙桓，陈作模．机械原理[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2000：19-28．
28．张建中．机械设计基础学习指导与训练指南[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2003：76-109．
29. H.Lanzer, O.Peier. The Viscomatic-an Externally Controlled Viscous Unit for Torque Transfer[J], SAE, 905093: 158-160.
30．崔忠魁，吴锦秋，王云成．四轮驱动车粘性联轴器的结构与性能[J]，吉林工业大学学报，1996，2：87-91．
31．马天飞，王云成，林洪月．粘性粘轴节在4WD汽车上的应用[J]，兵工学报—坦克装甲车与发动机分册，1999，1：49-53．
32. Satoshi Ashida, Fumio Ueda, Toshiaki Kuribayashi et al. The Development of Fluid for Small sized and Light Weight Viscous Coupling[J]. SAE, 1998, 46(14): 77-84.
33. H. Taureg, J. Horst. Induced Torque Amplification in Viscous Couplings[J]. SAE, 1990, 57(05): 1-25.
34. Wolfgang Peschke. A Viscous Coupling in the Drive Train of an All-Wheel-Drive Vehicle[J]. SAE, 1986, 86(03): 788-800.
35. Toji Takemura, Yasuhiro Niikura. Analysis of the Torque Transfer Characteristics of Viscous Couplings[J]. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 1991, (1): 79-88.
36．沈仲棠，刘鹤年．非牛顿流体力学及其应用[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1989：3-79．
37．韩式方．非牛顿流体本构方程和计算解析理论[M]．北京：科学出版社，2000：81-120．
38．王曾祥，魏先英，刘祥至．弹簧设计手册[M]．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社，1985：2-99．
39．近森德重著，朱仁杰译．密封元件唇型密封圈[M]．机械工业出版社，1985：11-99．
40．徐灏．机械设计手册第四卷[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1991：29卷315-324．
41．朱孝录．中国机械设计大典第四卷机械传动设计[M]．南昌：江西科学技术出版社，2002：1365-1371．
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50．李惠珍．硅风扇离合器结构参数及其性能的影响[J]．内燃机工程，1984，(4)：22-24．
2．夏国栋．四轮驱动汽车用液体粘性联轴器研究[J]．北京理工大学博士后研究工作报告，1998，(10)：25-30．
3．陈雪梅．液体粘性联轴器的设计及转矩传递特性研究[D]．北京：北京工业大学，2003：22-56．
4．刘亮．液体粘性联轴器的转矩及内部热行为特性研究[D]．北京：北京工业大学，2002：12-56．
5．邵威．液体粘性传动摩擦副的研究[D]．浙江杭州：浙江大学，2005：13-56
6．王云成，王军，林逸．4WD汽车应用粘性联轴器分析[J]．汽车技术，2001，(3)：4-6．
7．刘金奎．汽车四轮驱动用液体粘性离合器的理论实验研究[D]．北京：北京理工大学，1993：23-56
8．夏国栋，刘亮，张少华，魏宸官．液体粘性联轴器驼峰特性[J]．汽车工程，2001，(5)：97-101．
9．杨乃乔，姜丽英．液力调速与节能[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，2000：182-185．
10．张松林．轴承手册[M]．南昌：江西科学技术出版社，2004：261-303．
11．成大先．机械设计手册／连接与紧固[M]．北京：化学工业出版社，2004：53-116．
12．[日]土屋喜一．机械实用手册[M]．北京：科学出版社，OHM社，2002：162-164．
13．段广汉，舒森茂，王传贤，莫兆其．离合器结构图册[M]．北京：国防工业出版社，1985：306-307．
14. H. Lamer O. Peier. The Viscomatic-an Externally Controlled ViscousTorque Transfer[J].. SAE, 1990, (93): 102-110.
15. Theodor Gassmann and John Bariage VISCO-LOK. A Speed-sensing Limited-slip Device with High-torque Progressive Engagement[J]. SAE, 1996, 18(07): 143-149.
16. Takeo Hiramatsu and Reiji Usami. A New Hydraulic Coupling Unit(HCU) for 4WD Vehicles[J]. SAE, 1989, 27(05): 1047-1053.
17. Satoshi Ashida, Yukihiro Tanigawa, Hiroaki Asano et al. Development of a Rotary Tri-blade Coupling for Four-wheel Drive Cars[J]. SAE, 1991, 08(06): 157-163.
18. Heinrich Huchtkoetter, Heinz Klein. The Effect of Various Limited-slip Differentials in Front-wheel Drive Vehicles on Handling and Traction[J]. SAE Special Publications, SAE, 1996, 17(07): 131-141.
19. Chris A. Papadopoulos. Brakes and Clutches Using ER Fluids[J]. Mechatronics, 1998, (8): 719-726.
20. Masanori Tani, Hiroo Yuasa, Kei ji Isoda.Controllability and Stability of Various Types of Four Wheel Drive Cars[J]. SAE, 1987, 42(05): 747-769.
21. Muart Okcuoglu. An All Wheel Drive System Utilizing Twin Hydraulic Couplings with Gerodise System[J]. SAE Special Publications, SAE, 1997, 32(35): 1-7.
22．祝凌云，李斌．Pro／ENGINEER野火般入门指南[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003：2-230．
23．唐俊，龙坤，张浩．Pro／ENGINEER WildFire实例教程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2004：3-210．
24．詹友刚．Pro／ENGINEER中文野火版教程—通用模块[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003：550-560．
25．嘉木工作室．Pro／E实体建模实例教程[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2003：1-243．
26．李军，邢俊文，覃文洁．ADAMS实例教程[M]．北京：北京理工大学出版社，2002：222-229．
27．孙桓，陈作模．机械原理[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2000：19-28．
28．张建中．机械设计基础学习指导与训练指南[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2003：76-109．
29. H.Lanzer, O.Peier. The Viscomatic-an Externally Controlled Viscous Unit for Torque Transfer[J], SAE, 905093: 158-160.
30．崔忠魁，吴锦秋，王云成．四轮驱动车粘性联轴器的结构与性能[J]，吉林工业大学学报，1996，2：87-91．
31．马天飞，王云成，林洪月．粘性粘轴节在4WD汽车上的应用[J]，兵工学报—坦克装甲车与发动机分册，1999，1：49-53．
32. Satoshi Ashida, Fumio Ueda, Toshiaki Kuribayashi et al. The Development of Fluid for Small sized and Light Weight Viscous Coupling[J]. SAE, 1998, 46(14): 77-84.
33. H. Taureg, J. Horst. Induced Torque Amplification in Viscous Couplings[J]. SAE, 1990, 57(05): 1-25.
34. Wolfgang Peschke. A Viscous Coupling in the Drive Train of an All-Wheel-Drive Vehicle[J]. SAE, 1986, 86(03): 788-800.
35. Toji Takemura, Yasuhiro Niikura. Analysis of the Torque Transfer Characteristics of Viscous Couplings[J]. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 1991, (1): 79-88.
36．沈仲棠，刘鹤年．非牛顿流体力学及其应用[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1989：3-79．
37．韩式方．非牛顿流体本构方程和计算解析理论[M]．北京：科学出版社，2000：81-120．
38．王曾祥，魏先英，刘祥至．弹簧设计手册[M]．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社，1985：2-99．
39．近森德重著，朱仁杰译．密封元件唇型密封圈[M]．机械工业出版社，1985：11-99．
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