电力传输监测系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着科学技术的快速发展和生产力的日益提高,企业和居民对电能质量的要求越来越高。电能传输是实现电力资源优化配置的关键过程,输电网作为实现电力传输的主要媒介,在实际的工作过程中往往会出现一些故障,对企业生产和人民的日常生活造成了很大的经济损失。电力传输监测系统能够在电网运行过程中监测和保障电力传输网的安全,在实现电能可靠供给中发挥很大作用。
电力传输监测系统主要包含三方面功能：信号采集,信息传输以及信息处理。传输网自身的特点以及特殊工作环境给传输监测网络提出了新的挑战,随着无线通信技术的快速发展,出现多种无线通信协议。与其他协议相比,ZigBee在低功耗,低成本,可靠性等方面具有很大的优势,能够很好的提高了系统的整体性能。因此,本文采用基于ZigBee的线性网络解决方案。
论文首先介绍了ZigBee的协议架构、网络组成以及拓扑结构。然后分析了电力传输线的信号特点以及故障信号的基本特征,确立了将高压信号经电量互感器,电量变送器以及AD转换模块进行转换的提取方案,并将处理后的信息在基于分簇的线性网络中进行传输。建立了适用于分簇网络的超帧结构,详细的介绍了网络中节点在超帧结构中的工作机制。系统硬件平台主要是基于传感器节点的设计,包括基于CC2430的簇内成员节点以及高辐射能力的簇首节点设计,还包括串口电路,电源电路以及JTAG电路等。网络的软件平台采用IAR下的Z-Stack开发,实现了ZigBee协议下网络的建网以及加入网络等过程,最后设计了实现人机交互的上位机界面,实现了数据库的存储、删除、修改等操作。
论文最后对整个系统的硬件设计以及软件开发进行了测试,同时对分簇网络的性能进行了仿真分析。测试结果表明：本文的设计方案具有较好的精度,能够对故障信号进行提取,满足电力传输故障监测的要求。仿真结果表明：基于分簇的线性网络与传统的线性网络相比具有较高的可靠性,较高的数据有效率以及较低的能耗。
As the rapid development of technology and the improvement of productivity, enterprise and human need higher quality of power. The transmission of power is an important way to achieve the balance of power allocation, power transmission network is the main medium of power transmission, on the power line there are always some faults which result in critical economic losses to the enterprise and human. The power transmission monitoring system could detect the faults in the transmission line and protect the safety of transmission network, and play an important role in the safe transmission of power resource.
Power transmission monitoring system has three kind of function: signal collecting, information transmission and the information processing. The characters of power transmission line, together with the special environment which the monitoring network works in bring new challenge to the system. As the progress of wireless communication, lots of wireless communication protocols are appearing. Compared with other protocols, ZigBee has advantages in low-power, low-cost and high reliability. It could improve performance of the monitoring system. So we choose the ZigBee based method of power transmission monitoring system.
Firstly, the paper introduces the structure, composition and topology of network of ZigBee briefly, then analyses the characters of the signal in the transmission line and the feature of the trouble signal, establish the method which converts the signal by power transformer, electricity transducer and the AD module. After processed, the signals are transmitted by the cluster-based linear network. Meanwhile, we build a new super-frame structure which is appropriate to the monitoring system, and describe the working mechanism of nodes in detail. The main work of hardware design is the node design, includes the wireless sensor node based on CC2430 and the cluster-head node. Also includes the power module, the serial module and the JTAG module. The exploitation of network software platform is based on Z-Stack programming, achieving the process of creating network and joining appointed network. At last, we design the upper operating software to realize the basic operation of database as store, edit and delete.
In the end, this paper tests the hardware design and the software programming of the whole system, also analyses the simulation result of the cluster-based network's performance. The testing result proves that our method has good accuracy. It could acquire the trouble signal, so it can be used to monitor the power transmission. The simulation result demonstrates that, compared to normal linear network, communication mechanism in the cluster-base network with new super-frame structure has been well developed in data reliability, effectiveness and low-power consumption
电力传输监测系统主要包含三方面功能：信号采集,信息传输以及信息处理。传输网自身的特点以及特殊工作环境给传输监测网络提出了新的挑战,随着无线通信技术的快速发展,出现多种无线通信协议。与其他协议相比,ZigBee在低功耗,低成本,可靠性等方面具有很大的优势,能够很好的提高了系统的整体性能。因此,本文采用基于ZigBee的线性网络解决方案。
论文首先介绍了ZigBee的协议架构、网络组成以及拓扑结构。然后分析了电力传输线的信号特点以及故障信号的基本特征,确立了将高压信号经电量互感器,电量变送器以及AD转换模块进行转换的提取方案,并将处理后的信息在基于分簇的线性网络中进行传输。建立了适用于分簇网络的超帧结构,详细的介绍了网络中节点在超帧结构中的工作机制。系统硬件平台主要是基于传感器节点的设计,包括基于CC2430的簇内成员节点以及高辐射能力的簇首节点设计,还包括串口电路,电源电路以及JTAG电路等。网络的软件平台采用IAR下的Z-Stack开发,实现了ZigBee协议下网络的建网以及加入网络等过程,最后设计了实现人机交互的上位机界面,实现了数据库的存储、删除、修改等操作。
论文最后对整个系统的硬件设计以及软件开发进行了测试,同时对分簇网络的性能进行了仿真分析。测试结果表明：本文的设计方案具有较好的精度,能够对故障信号进行提取,满足电力传输故障监测的要求。仿真结果表明：基于分簇的线性网络与传统的线性网络相比具有较高的可靠性,较高的数据有效率以及较低的能耗。
As the rapid development of technology and the improvement of productivity, enterprise and human need higher quality of power. The transmission of power is an important way to achieve the balance of power allocation, power transmission network is the main medium of power transmission, on the power line there are always some faults which result in critical economic losses to the enterprise and human. The power transmission monitoring system could detect the faults in the transmission line and protect the safety of transmission network, and play an important role in the safe transmission of power resource.
Power transmission monitoring system has three kind of function: signal collecting, information transmission and the information processing. The characters of power transmission line, together with the special environment which the monitoring network works in bring new challenge to the system. As the progress of wireless communication, lots of wireless communication protocols are appearing. Compared with other protocols, ZigBee has advantages in low-power, low-cost and high reliability. It could improve performance of the monitoring system. So we choose the ZigBee based method of power transmission monitoring system.
Firstly, the paper introduces the structure, composition and topology of network of ZigBee briefly, then analyses the characters of the signal in the transmission line and the feature of the trouble signal, establish the method which converts the signal by power transformer, electricity transducer and the AD module. After processed, the signals are transmitted by the cluster-based linear network. Meanwhile, we build a new super-frame structure which is appropriate to the monitoring system, and describe the working mechanism of nodes in detail. The main work of hardware design is the node design, includes the wireless sensor node based on CC2430 and the cluster-head node. Also includes the power module, the serial module and the JTAG module. The exploitation of network software platform is based on Z-Stack programming, achieving the process of creating network and joining appointed network. At last, we design the upper operating software to realize the basic operation of database as store, edit and delete.
In the end, this paper tests the hardware design and the software programming of the whole system, also analyses the simulation result of the cluster-based network's performance. The testing result proves that our method has good accuracy. It could acquire the trouble signal, so it can be used to monitor the power transmission. The simulation result demonstrates that, compared to normal linear network, communication mechanism in the cluster-base network with new super-frame structure has been well developed in data reliability, effectiveness and low-power consumption
引文
[1]吴言荪.电力传输线温度在线监测系统的研究[D].重庆：重庆大学电气工程,2009.
[2]刘冬明.基于ARM的嵌入式系统在电网远程监测中的应用[D].江苏：江苏大学农业电气化与自动化,2005.
[3]姜浩.基于ZigBee无线网状网络在智能家居领域的实现[D].大连：大连理工大学通信与信息系统,2010.
[4]余海,曹蕾.基于WiFi的无线网状(mesh)组网技术[J].现代电子技术,2011,5(34)：120-122.
[5]张中兆.超宽带通信系统[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010.
[6]钱志鸿,杨帆,周求湛.蓝牙技术原理、开发与应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[7]贾运红,雷煌,金江.ZigBee在无线网络在煤矿井下连采机工作面的应用[C].第18届全国煤矿自动化与信息化学术会议论文集,2008.
[8]O. Samuelsson, M. Hemmingsson, A. H. Nielsen, K.O. H. Pedersen, and J. Rasmussen. Monitoring of Power System Events at Transmission and Distribution Level. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS,2006.
[9]黄庆义.基于短消息的电网电力参数监测系统的研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学控制理论与控制工程,2006.
[10]闫德立,刘展威ZigBee技术优势及其在现代企业生产中的应用[J].河北企业,2009(8),79.
[11]高守玮,吴灿阳ZigBee技术实践教程[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2009.
[12]Mehrdad Ayatollahi, Mohammad Ali Pourmina. Monitoring the Energy Consumption of ZigBee Network in Opnet Simulator[C]. International Conference on Services Science,2010.
[13]IEEE Std 802.15.4TM-2003, Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs) IEEE, Inc, Oct 1,2003.
[14]ZigBee协议规范,2006.
[15]匡丹,袁国良.基于ZigBee技术的精准农业中的监测网络[J].信息技术2010(8)：143145.
[16]伍星.基于ZigBee的油井监测系统设计[D].武汉：华中科技大学电路与系统,2009.
[17]何杏宇,张浩,彭道刚ZigBee技术在工业环境监测系统中的应用研究[J].机电一体化,2008,(7)：34-37
[18]Paolo Baronti, Prashant Pillai, Vince Chook, Stefano Chessa, Alberto Gotta, Y Fun Hu. Wireless Sensor Networks:A Survey on the State of the Art and the 802.15.4 and ZigBee Standard[J]. Computer Communication.2007(7):1655-1695.
[19]刘芹,王钢,董镝等.线路在线监测的自组织自愈无线传感器网络方案[J].高电压技术,2010,3(36)：616-620.
[20]郑鹏,郑更生,龚志勇,贺贵明.基于输电走廊的无线传感器网络结构研究[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2006,3(39)：115-119.
[21]王晓茹.电力系统分析[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2011.
[22]金雪芬.500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器故障信号识别与保护配合问题的研究[D].中国电力科学研究院,2009.
[23]张雪凡.线性拓扑无线传感器网络关键技术[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版).2010.2(16)：20-24.
[24]张瑞华.基于能量效率的无线传感线网络关键技术的研究[D].济南：山东大学通信与信息系统,2007.
[25]S. Ramanathan, Martha Steenstrup. A survey of routing techniques for mobile communications networks[J]. Mobile Networks and Applications,2005.3(3):325-349.
[26]沈波,张世永,钟亦平.无线传感器网络分簇路由协议[J],软件学报,2006,17(7)：1588-1600.
[27]孙利民,李建中,陈渝等.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[28]彭冬勤.基于簇型的无线传感器网络时间同步算法的研究[D].湘潭：湖南科技大学,2008.
[29]徐世武,王平.无线传感器网络时间同步研究进展与分析[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2011(5)：4-7.
[30]张永健.电网监测与调度自动化[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2004.
[31]阿法纳西耶夫(著),陆安业等译.电流互感器[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[32]王翠茹,于祥兵,王成福.基于ZigBee技术的温度采集传输系统[J].仪器技术与传感器,2008(7)：103-105.
[33]A True System-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee. Document Number: SWRS036. Texas Instrument,2009.
[34]2.4GHz RF front End. Document Number:SWRS070A. Texas Instrument,2008.
[35]程红丽,王立,刘健,王利强.电容储能的自动化终端备用开关电源设计[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,11(37)：116-120.
[36]许钢灿,倪东波,刘雅莲,车平.电容储能整流技术研究[J].声学与电子工程,2004(2)：21-24.
[37]贾鹏,黄金平.面向RFID应用的2.4GHz微带天线的设计与实现[J].电子产品世界,2010,8：48-50.
[38]徐爱钧IAR EWARM V5嵌入式系统应用编程与开发[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2009
[39]李文仲,段朝玉ZigBee2006无线传感器网络与无线定位实战[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2009.
[40]欧阳志宏,董霖,钟俊华.MFC程序设计轻松入门[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2009.
[2]刘冬明.基于ARM的嵌入式系统在电网远程监测中的应用[D].江苏：江苏大学农业电气化与自动化,2005.
[3]姜浩.基于ZigBee无线网状网络在智能家居领域的实现[D].大连：大连理工大学通信与信息系统,2010.
[4]余海,曹蕾.基于WiFi的无线网状(mesh)组网技术[J].现代电子技术,2011,5(34)：120-122.
[5]张中兆.超宽带通信系统[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010.
[6]钱志鸿,杨帆,周求湛.蓝牙技术原理、开发与应用[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.
[7]贾运红,雷煌,金江.ZigBee在无线网络在煤矿井下连采机工作面的应用[C].第18届全国煤矿自动化与信息化学术会议论文集,2008.
[8]O. Samuelsson, M. Hemmingsson, A. H. Nielsen, K.O. H. Pedersen, and J. Rasmussen. Monitoring of Power System Events at Transmission and Distribution Level. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS,2006.
[9]黄庆义.基于短消息的电网电力参数监测系统的研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学控制理论与控制工程,2006.
[10]闫德立,刘展威ZigBee技术优势及其在现代企业生产中的应用[J].河北企业,2009(8),79.
[11]高守玮,吴灿阳ZigBee技术实践教程[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2009.
[12]Mehrdad Ayatollahi, Mohammad Ali Pourmina. Monitoring the Energy Consumption of ZigBee Network in Opnet Simulator[C]. International Conference on Services Science,2010.
[13]IEEE Std 802.15.4TM-2003, Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs) IEEE, Inc, Oct 1,2003.
[14]ZigBee协议规范,2006.
[15]匡丹,袁国良.基于ZigBee技术的精准农业中的监测网络[J].信息技术2010(8)：143145.
[16]伍星.基于ZigBee的油井监测系统设计[D].武汉：华中科技大学电路与系统,2009.
[17]何杏宇,张浩,彭道刚ZigBee技术在工业环境监测系统中的应用研究[J].机电一体化,2008,(7)：34-37
[18]Paolo Baronti, Prashant Pillai, Vince Chook, Stefano Chessa, Alberto Gotta, Y Fun Hu. Wireless Sensor Networks:A Survey on the State of the Art and the 802.15.4 and ZigBee Standard[J]. Computer Communication.2007(7):1655-1695.
[19]刘芹,王钢,董镝等.线路在线监测的自组织自愈无线传感器网络方案[J].高电压技术,2010,3(36)：616-620.
[20]郑鹏,郑更生,龚志勇,贺贵明.基于输电走廊的无线传感器网络结构研究[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2006,3(39)：115-119.
[21]王晓茹.电力系统分析[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2011.
[22]金雪芬.500kV超高压电网故障电流限制器故障信号识别与保护配合问题的研究[D].中国电力科学研究院,2009.
[23]张雪凡.线性拓扑无线传感器网络关键技术[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版).2010.2(16)：20-24.
[24]张瑞华.基于能量效率的无线传感线网络关键技术的研究[D].济南：山东大学通信与信息系统,2007.
[25]S. Ramanathan, Martha Steenstrup. A survey of routing techniques for mobile communications networks[J]. Mobile Networks and Applications,2005.3(3):325-349.
[26]沈波,张世永,钟亦平.无线传感器网络分簇路由协议[J],软件学报,2006,17(7)：1588-1600.
[27]孙利民,李建中,陈渝等.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[28]彭冬勤.基于簇型的无线传感器网络时间同步算法的研究[D].湘潭：湖南科技大学,2008.
[29]徐世武,王平.无线传感器网络时间同步研究进展与分析[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2011(5)：4-7.
[30]张永健.电网监测与调度自动化[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2004.
[31]阿法纳西耶夫(著),陆安业等译.电流互感器[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[32]王翠茹,于祥兵,王成福.基于ZigBee技术的温度采集传输系统[J].仪器技术与传感器,2008(7)：103-105.
[33]A True System-on-Chip solution for 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee. Document Number: SWRS036. Texas Instrument,2009.
[34]2.4GHz RF front End. Document Number:SWRS070A. Texas Instrument,2008.
[35]程红丽,王立,刘健,王利强.电容储能的自动化终端备用开关电源设计[J].电力系统保护与控制,2009,11(37)：116-120.
[36]许钢灿,倪东波,刘雅莲,车平.电容储能整流技术研究[J].声学与电子工程,2004(2)：21-24.
[37]贾鹏,黄金平.面向RFID应用的2.4GHz微带天线的设计与实现[J].电子产品世界,2010,8：48-50.
[38]徐爱钧IAR EWARM V5嵌入式系统应用编程与开发[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2009
[39]李文仲,段朝玉ZigBee2006无线传感器网络与无线定位实战[M].北京：北京航天航空大学出版社,2009.
[40]欧阳志宏,董霖,钟俊华.MFC程序设计轻松入门[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2009.