奶牛分娩前后血浆Leptin、葡萄糖、钙和磷的动态特征及其相互关系
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摘要
为了研究荷斯坦奶牛产前和泌乳早期血浆Leptin、血糖、血钙和血磷变化特征和规律、Leptin浓度对其他指标的影响,以及血浆钙在不同保存条件下的变化,本实验对30头2～4胎次的奶牛从产前1周到产后第9周,每隔7天颈静脉采血,分离血浆,测定血浆Leptin、葡萄糖、钙、磷的含量,并且测定5份奶牛血浆在室温、4℃和-20℃存放1天、2天、3天、5天、10天、20天、30天和50天时的血钙浓度。结果显示：(1)血浆Leptin在奶牛产后一周最低(2.24±0.14 ng/mL),从第3周开始逐渐升高,并于第6周达到峰值(18.81±4.64 ng/mL),之后逐渐下降,到第8周恢复至较低水平；分娩当天血糖浓度极显著高于其它时间(P<0.01)；泌乳第一周血钙最低,之后逐渐恢复,第6周达到最高；产前一周血磷浓度最低；(2)高浓度Leptin组奶牛(22头)在实验期间血浆Leptin浓度最高值均高于或等于32.8 ng/mL,低浓度Leptin组奶牛(8头)在实验期间血浆Leptin浓度均低于或等于6.8 ng/mL;在泌乳第6周高浓度Leptin组奶牛血浆Leptin浓度显著高于低浓度Leptin组奶牛(P<0.05)；(3)整体实验奶牛和高浓度Leptin组奶牛,血浆Leptin与血钙极显著正相关。(4)奶牛产后血浆Leptin浓度异常升高很有可能与血糖抑制有关。(5)在相同的保存条件下,血浆钙随着保存时间的延长逐渐下降；在相同的保存时间,血浆钙的保存温度越低,浓度下降的速度越慢。
In order to study the variation characteristics and regularity of plasma leptin, glucose, calcium and phosphorus in prenatal and early lactation of Holstein cows, the effect of plasma leptin concentrations on other plasma indexes of Holstein cows, and the changes of plasma calcium in different storage conditions of Holstein cows. In this study, the author have been determined the concentrations of plasma leptin, glucose, calcium and phosphorus of 30 Holstein cows which in 2 to 4 parity and sampled every 7 days by jugular vein between one week before calving and 9 weeks postpartum. And determined 5 Holstein cows'plasma samples stored at room temperature,4℃and -20℃Storage 1 day,2 days,3 days,5 days,10 days,20 days,30 days and 50 days.
The results shown that (ⅰ) the concentration of plasma leptin was lowest in the 1st week of postpartum (2.24±0.14 ng/mL), and began to increase at the 3rd week of lactation, peak at the 6th week (18.81±4.64 ng/mL), then gradually declined, and recovery to a lower level at the 8th week. The concentration of plasma glucose at the calving day was significantly higher than the other weeks (P<0.01). The lowest concentration of plasma calcium was at the first week of lactation, and then gradually recovered to normal, at the 6th week to reach the highest. The lowest concentration of plasma phosphorus was at one week before calving, (ⅱ) The higher leptin group (22) cows'maximum leptin concentrations during the experiment were higher than or equal to the value of 32.8 ng/mL, the lower leptin group (8) cows'leptin concentrations during the experiment were all lower than or equal to the value of 6.8 ng/mL. The concentration of plasma leptin in the higher leptin group was significantly higher than the lower leptin group at the 6th week of lactation (P< 0.05). (ⅲ) Overall experimental cows and the higher leptin group cows, plasma leptin were significantly correlated with plasma calcium. (ⅳ) it was probably that the abnormal increase of plasma Leptin concentration was relative to plasma glucose inhibition. (ⅴ) In the same conditions, the concentrations of plasma calcium are becoming lower with days past. And in the same time, the concentrations of plasma calcium are becoming lower with storage temperature increased.
In order to study the variation characteristics and regularity of plasma leptin, glucose, calcium and phosphorus in prenatal and early lactation of Holstein cows, the effect of plasma leptin concentrations on other plasma indexes of Holstein cows, and the changes of plasma calcium in different storage conditions of Holstein cows. In this study, the author have been determined the concentrations of plasma leptin, glucose, calcium and phosphorus of 30 Holstein cows which in 2 to 4 parity and sampled every 7 days by jugular vein between one week before calving and 9 weeks postpartum. And determined 5 Holstein cows'plasma samples stored at room temperature,4℃and -20℃Storage 1 day,2 days,3 days,5 days,10 days,20 days,30 days and 50 days.
The results shown that (ⅰ) the concentration of plasma leptin was lowest in the 1st week of postpartum (2.24±0.14 ng/mL), and began to increase at the 3rd week of lactation, peak at the 6th week (18.81±4.64 ng/mL), then gradually declined, and recovery to a lower level at the 8th week. The concentration of plasma glucose at the calving day was significantly higher than the other weeks (P<0.01). The lowest concentration of plasma calcium was at the first week of lactation, and then gradually recovered to normal, at the 6th week to reach the highest. The lowest concentration of plasma phosphorus was at one week before calving, (ⅱ) The higher leptin group (22) cows'maximum leptin concentrations during the experiment were higher than or equal to the value of 32.8 ng/mL, the lower leptin group (8) cows'leptin concentrations during the experiment were all lower than or equal to the value of 6.8 ng/mL. The concentration of plasma leptin in the higher leptin group was significantly higher than the lower leptin group at the 6th week of lactation (P< 0.05). (ⅲ) Overall experimental cows and the higher leptin group cows, plasma leptin were significantly correlated with plasma calcium. (ⅳ) it was probably that the abnormal increase of plasma Leptin concentration was relative to plasma glucose inhibition. (ⅴ) In the same conditions, the concentrations of plasma calcium are becoming lower with days past. And in the same time, the concentrations of plasma calcium are becoming lower with storage temperature increased.
引文
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[3]李玉成ATGL在Leptin介导脂解过程中的表达调控及其机理研究[硕士].西北农林科技大学,2008.
[4]Ingalls A M, Dickie M M, Snell G D. Obese, a new mutation in the house mouse.[J]. J Hered,1950,41(12):317-318.
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[9]任伟.Leptin与糖尿病[J].重庆医科大学学报,2001,(02)：217-219.
[10]Halaas J L, Gajiwala K S, Maffei M, et al. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene.[J]. Science,1995,269(5223):543-546.
[11]戴茹娟,李宁,吴常信.猪肥胖基因cDNA的克隆与分析[J].遗传学报,2000,(04)：290-297.
[12]张敏,白秀娟.北极狐瘦素基因结构特征及其多态与生产性能相关性分析[J].中国农学通报,2010,(23)：58-63.
[13]双宝,李明,李成,et al.人瘦素基因的克隆及原核表达[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,(04)：67-70.
[14]郁颖,梁旭方,李观贵,et al.草鱼与鲢鱼肥胖基因克隆与序列分析[J].动物学研究,2009,(05)：480-486.
[15]陈其新,李明,石晓为,et al.黄淮山羊Leptin cDNA的克隆及鉴定[J].中国草食动物,2007,(06)：14-16.
[16]施振旦,邵西兵,方梅霞,et al.家鸡Leptin成熟肽cDNA的克隆、重组蛋白表达及纯化[J].中国兽医学报,2004,(03)：258-260.
[17]宋岳强.家鸭leptin受体cDNA的克隆分析及外源leptin对家鸭生殖机能的影响[博士].厦门大学,2008.
[18]Ji S, Willis G M, Scott R R, et al. Partial cloning and expression of the bovine leptin gene.[J]. Anim Biotechnol,1998,9(1):1-14.
[19]Vallinoto M, Schneider M P, Silva A, et al. Molecular cloning and analysis of the swamp and river buffalo leptin gene.[J]. Anim Genet,2004,35(6):462-463.
[20]牛淑玲,李艳飞,王哲,et al.不同能量摄入水平对围产期奶牛生产性能及血浆瘦素浓度影响的研究[J].畜牧与兽医,2005,(02)：1-4.
[21]Chilliard Y, Bonnet M, Delavaud C, et al. Leptin in ruminants. Gene expression in adipose tissue and mammary gland, and regulation of plasma concentration. [J]. Domest Anim Endocrinol,2001,21(4):271-295.
[22]Ingvartsen K L, Boisclair Y R. Leptin and the regulation of food intake, energy homeostasis and immunity with special focus on periparturient ruminants.[J]. Domest Anim Endocrinol,2001,21(4):215-250.
[23]刘仕军,王加启,雒秋江,et al.奶牛肥胖蛋白(leptin)的研究进展[J].中国奶牛,2005,(03)：22-25.
[24]Arora S, Anubhuti. Role of neuropeptides in appetite regulation and obesity--a review.[J]. Neuropeptides,2006,40(6):375-401.
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