反馈式需求导航与虚拟配置的产品成本估算方法研究及应用
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摘要
随着市场竞争的日益激烈、客户对产品的个性化需求要求越来越高、交货期要求越来越短,对客户定制需求进行准确、快速地响应已经成为决定企业命运的关键因素。论文通过对定制产品需求特点以及现有的主要需求快速响应技术的研究和分析,提出了基于动态设计结构矩阵的需求反馈导航技术和基于虚拟配置的产品组件成本快速估算方法,为实现客户需求快速响应提供可靠保障。最后还在此研究理论支持下,开发了需求获取和快速成本估算系统。
全文的组织结构如下:
第一章主要分析了定制产品需求的特点,回顾了几种主要的客户需求响应技术的历史和现状,针对现有需求响应技术中存在的不足,提出了在需求获取过程中采用反馈导航技术来帮助客户完成需求定制,降低需求非标率,为后续快速设计和制造提供基础。在此基础上通过虚拟配置实现准确、快速的产品成本估算。
第二章详细介绍了需求反馈导航方法的实现和应用。首先,提出了静态潜在矛盾设计结构矩阵的概念,根据产品设计参数之间的耦合约束规则,构建自身的静态潜在矛盾设计结构矩阵。然后,根据属性间的优先顺序变换矩阵,按照优化的矩阵整体规划需求定制系统。最后,根据具体的需求对静态潜在矛盾设计结构矩阵进行动态变化,对客户需求定制进行全方位的过程导航和反馈,帮助客户完成需求定制。该方法在电梯产品的需求定制系统中已经得到实际应用,有效降低了产品非标率,提高了客户需求响应效率。
第三章研究了定制产品的虚拟配置技术。主要介绍了虚拟组件的工艺建模、虚拟组件的实例化原理和实现方法等,同时还对定制产品快速配置相关技术进行了多方面的研究和探讨,最后通过实例说明定制产品虚拟配置的原理和实现过程。
第四章通过对传统的成本估算和报价技术的分析,提出了基于虚拟配置的产品组件成本估算方法。产品成本估算的关键在虚拟组件成本估算。本章提出了虚拟组件的工艺模板的概念,给出了基于工艺模板的工艺创成方法,虚拟组件成本可以根据虚拟配置过程中创成的工艺卡来估算制造成本,再根据虚拟配置产生的配置BOM,累计所有物料的成本,得到客户定制的产品的成本,为产品快速报价提供数据支持。
第五章结合实际应用项目,开发了反馈式需求获取和快速成本估算系统,并在电梯行业中得到实际应用。进一步证明了作者所提出的理论方法的正确性和可行性。
第六章总结了本文的主要研究内容和研究成果,指出了需要改善的地方和今后研究工作的方向。
This dissertation presents a theory and method of demand feedback and navigation based on dynamic DSM as well as method of cost estimation for product components based on virtual configuration, after studying and analyzing the characteristics of customerized requirement, in order to obtain customer individual reqirement more quickly and more correctly, reducing the non-standard rate of customer demand, providing a good foundation for the following quick response to customer's requirement. On the basis of the theoretical research, a system of requirements elicitation and rapid cost estimation is developed.
The dissertation is organized as follows:
In the first chapter, the dissertation analyzes the characteristics of customerized requirement, and reviews the history and present status of some key technology of quick response to customer's demands. In view of the shortcome of response to customer's demand, it presents technology of demand feedback and navigation based on dynamic DSM to reduce the non-standard rate of customer demand, building a solid foundation for the following design, manufacturing and other process.Based on this, virtual configuration help carry out estimating cost quickly and accurately, in order to give a quick response to customer's inquiry.
In the second chapter, the dissertation presents the actualization and application of demand feedback and navigation method in detail. First, static potential contradiction DSM is created based on coupling rules of product design parameters. Then, the DSM is transformed according to the priority order of product properties, in order to totally plan the customization system. Finally, the DSM is dynamically transformed according to specific demand, providing overall process feedback and navigation for customers and helping them complete customization demand. As a result, this technology was applied in the customization system of elevator product, and non-standard rate was decreased remarkably, and also the efficiency of customer demand response was improved.
In the third chapter, the dissertation presents technology of customerized product virtual configuration. It mainly introduces to technology modeling and process template of VS, as well as the method of instancing the VS according to customer demand during virtual configuration. Meanwhile, it studies and explores the configuration related technology. Finally, it describes the theory and realization process of customerized virtual configuration.
In the fourth chapter, the dissertation presents method of cost estimation for product components based on virtual configuration, after comparing and analyzing the traditional method of cost estimation and quotation. The key of cost estimation for product components was the cost estimation of VS. It presents the concept of process template and the mechanism of process-generating during virtual configuration. The cost of VS is calculated according to new-driven process cards, and then, the cost of product is calculated by the configuration BOM from VC. As a result, reliable basis for product quotation is provided by calculating the total cost of product components.
In the fifth chapter, the theory and method discussed above are applied in elevator industry. The system of feedback requirements elicitation and quick cost estimation has been developed and its main functions and the realized techniques are described and presented. The application and implement result of this system have proved that the theories and the methods have good practical value.
In sixth chapter, all achievements of the dissertation are summarized so as to put forward the further research.
全文的组织结构如下:
第一章主要分析了定制产品需求的特点,回顾了几种主要的客户需求响应技术的历史和现状,针对现有需求响应技术中存在的不足,提出了在需求获取过程中采用反馈导航技术来帮助客户完成需求定制,降低需求非标率,为后续快速设计和制造提供基础。在此基础上通过虚拟配置实现准确、快速的产品成本估算。
第二章详细介绍了需求反馈导航方法的实现和应用。首先,提出了静态潜在矛盾设计结构矩阵的概念,根据产品设计参数之间的耦合约束规则,构建自身的静态潜在矛盾设计结构矩阵。然后,根据属性间的优先顺序变换矩阵,按照优化的矩阵整体规划需求定制系统。最后,根据具体的需求对静态潜在矛盾设计结构矩阵进行动态变化,对客户需求定制进行全方位的过程导航和反馈,帮助客户完成需求定制。该方法在电梯产品的需求定制系统中已经得到实际应用,有效降低了产品非标率,提高了客户需求响应效率。
第三章研究了定制产品的虚拟配置技术。主要介绍了虚拟组件的工艺建模、虚拟组件的实例化原理和实现方法等,同时还对定制产品快速配置相关技术进行了多方面的研究和探讨,最后通过实例说明定制产品虚拟配置的原理和实现过程。
第四章通过对传统的成本估算和报价技术的分析,提出了基于虚拟配置的产品组件成本估算方法。产品成本估算的关键在虚拟组件成本估算。本章提出了虚拟组件的工艺模板的概念,给出了基于工艺模板的工艺创成方法,虚拟组件成本可以根据虚拟配置过程中创成的工艺卡来估算制造成本,再根据虚拟配置产生的配置BOM,累计所有物料的成本,得到客户定制的产品的成本,为产品快速报价提供数据支持。
第五章结合实际应用项目,开发了反馈式需求获取和快速成本估算系统,并在电梯行业中得到实际应用。进一步证明了作者所提出的理论方法的正确性和可行性。
第六章总结了本文的主要研究内容和研究成果,指出了需要改善的地方和今后研究工作的方向。
This dissertation presents a theory and method of demand feedback and navigation based on dynamic DSM as well as method of cost estimation for product components based on virtual configuration, after studying and analyzing the characteristics of customerized requirement, in order to obtain customer individual reqirement more quickly and more correctly, reducing the non-standard rate of customer demand, providing a good foundation for the following quick response to customer's requirement. On the basis of the theoretical research, a system of requirements elicitation and rapid cost estimation is developed.
The dissertation is organized as follows:
In the first chapter, the dissertation analyzes the characteristics of customerized requirement, and reviews the history and present status of some key technology of quick response to customer's demands. In view of the shortcome of response to customer's demand, it presents technology of demand feedback and navigation based on dynamic DSM to reduce the non-standard rate of customer demand, building a solid foundation for the following design, manufacturing and other process.Based on this, virtual configuration help carry out estimating cost quickly and accurately, in order to give a quick response to customer's inquiry.
In the second chapter, the dissertation presents the actualization and application of demand feedback and navigation method in detail. First, static potential contradiction DSM is created based on coupling rules of product design parameters. Then, the DSM is transformed according to the priority order of product properties, in order to totally plan the customization system. Finally, the DSM is dynamically transformed according to specific demand, providing overall process feedback and navigation for customers and helping them complete customization demand. As a result, this technology was applied in the customization system of elevator product, and non-standard rate was decreased remarkably, and also the efficiency of customer demand response was improved.
In the third chapter, the dissertation presents technology of customerized product virtual configuration. It mainly introduces to technology modeling and process template of VS, as well as the method of instancing the VS according to customer demand during virtual configuration. Meanwhile, it studies and explores the configuration related technology. Finally, it describes the theory and realization process of customerized virtual configuration.
In the fourth chapter, the dissertation presents method of cost estimation for product components based on virtual configuration, after comparing and analyzing the traditional method of cost estimation and quotation. The key of cost estimation for product components was the cost estimation of VS. It presents the concept of process template and the mechanism of process-generating during virtual configuration. The cost of VS is calculated according to new-driven process cards, and then, the cost of product is calculated by the configuration BOM from VC. As a result, reliable basis for product quotation is provided by calculating the total cost of product components.
In the fifth chapter, the theory and method discussed above are applied in elevator industry. The system of feedback requirements elicitation and quick cost estimation has been developed and its main functions and the realized techniques are described and presented. The application and implement result of this system have proved that the theories and the methods have good practical value.
In sixth chapter, all achievements of the dissertation are summarized so as to put forward the further research.
引文
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