开放式数控系统及其集成状态监测研究
摘要
随着市场全球化的发展,市场竞争空前激烈,各种先进制造技术对数控系统的功能和性能提出了更高的要求,传统的专用数控系统已不能适应制造业发展的需要,研究具有开放性的数控系统已成为一个必然趋势。而数控机床由于结构复杂、技术密集,其状态监测是监测技术的一个重要应用方向。开放式数控系统由于自身的智能及开放式结构,其状态监测系统在实现形式上又可以有其自身的特色。本论文所完成的工作正是基于市场对开放式数控系统的需求及其在线监测功能的实现而展开,主要内容如下:
提出了一种基于ARM微处理器的数控系统,规划了各模块的功能,分析了数控系统任务对实时性的要求,利用双微处理器结构和合理的任务划分解决了将Linux应用到数控系统中的实时性问题。该数控系统具有开放性、模块化、小型化和网络化特点。
设计了数控系统的MDI键盘以及MDI键盘和机床操作面板的控制电路及单片机程序。编写了Linux下的键盘驱动程序和双端口RAM驱动程序。
提出了针对本数控系统状态监测功能的集成化实现方法,进行了数据采集卡的硬件设计。硬件电路包括电源模块、DSP系统、存储模块、A/D转换模块和双端口RAM通讯模块等。此外对数据采集卡的PCB设计也做了较详细的分析。
该数控系统已经在铣床上成功进行了应用,验证了其可靠性和开放性。数据采集卡的硬件电路已定型,后续将进行软件和算法的研究。
With the development of the globalization of markets, competition become more intense. Higher requirements of CNC system are put forward by many kinds of advanced manufacturing technologies. Those conventional special CNC systems can’t adapt the development of manufacturing. As a result, it is necessary to develop open CNC system. Owing to the complexity of structure and intensity of technologies, Status monitoring for CNC system is becoming an important application of monitoring technologies. Considering the intelligence and open architecture of open CNC system, its status monitoring system can be built in a more effective form. The work accomplished in this paper is as follow:
Proposed a CNC system based on ARM, set the function of its modules, analyzed the real-time requirements of CNC system functions, Resolved the real-time problem of applying Linux to CNC system by using dual microprocessor structure and division of tasks. This CNC system features open, modular, small-scale and network.
Designed the MDI keyboard, control circuit and program of MDI keyboard and machine operator panel of the CNC system. Programmed the keyboard driver and dual-port RAM driver of the CNC system.
Proposed an integrated status monitoring method for the CNC system, designed the hardware of the data acquisition card. Hardware circuit including the power supply module, DSP systems, memory modules, A/D conversion module and dual-port RAM communication module. In addition,the PCB design of the data acquisition card is also analyzed.
The system is already applied on a CNC milling machine, which proves the reliability and openness of it. Hardware design of the data acquisition card is finished, and software is going to be developed next
提出了一种基于ARM微处理器的数控系统,规划了各模块的功能,分析了数控系统任务对实时性的要求,利用双微处理器结构和合理的任务划分解决了将Linux应用到数控系统中的实时性问题。该数控系统具有开放性、模块化、小型化和网络化特点。
设计了数控系统的MDI键盘以及MDI键盘和机床操作面板的控制电路及单片机程序。编写了Linux下的键盘驱动程序和双端口RAM驱动程序。
提出了针对本数控系统状态监测功能的集成化实现方法,进行了数据采集卡的硬件设计。硬件电路包括电源模块、DSP系统、存储模块、A/D转换模块和双端口RAM通讯模块等。此外对数据采集卡的PCB设计也做了较详细的分析。
该数控系统已经在铣床上成功进行了应用,验证了其可靠性和开放性。数据采集卡的硬件电路已定型,后续将进行软件和算法的研究。
With the development of the globalization of markets, competition become more intense. Higher requirements of CNC system are put forward by many kinds of advanced manufacturing technologies. Those conventional special CNC systems can’t adapt the development of manufacturing. As a result, it is necessary to develop open CNC system. Owing to the complexity of structure and intensity of technologies, Status monitoring for CNC system is becoming an important application of monitoring technologies. Considering the intelligence and open architecture of open CNC system, its status monitoring system can be built in a more effective form. The work accomplished in this paper is as follow:
Proposed a CNC system based on ARM, set the function of its modules, analyzed the real-time requirements of CNC system functions, Resolved the real-time problem of applying Linux to CNC system by using dual microprocessor structure and division of tasks. This CNC system features open, modular, small-scale and network.
Designed the MDI keyboard, control circuit and program of MDI keyboard and machine operator panel of the CNC system. Programmed the keyboard driver and dual-port RAM driver of the CNC system.
Proposed an integrated status monitoring method for the CNC system, designed the hardware of the data acquisition card. Hardware circuit including the power supply module, DSP systems, memory modules, A/D conversion module and dual-port RAM communication module. In addition,the PCB design of the data acquisition card is also analyzed.
The system is already applied on a CNC milling machine, which proves the reliability and openness of it. Hardware design of the data acquisition card is finished, and software is going to be developed next
引文
[1]关美华,数控技术-原理及现代控制系统,成都:西南交通大学出版社,2003,1~20
[2]王太勇,从国际机床展看我国机床产业的现状与发展,机械工人,2005,6:47~48
[3]袁顺建,论数控机床发展趋势,职业,2007,02:31
[4]徐树滋,中国正成为拉动世界机床生产的发动机,世界制造技术与装备市场,2005,2:83~85
[5]虞和济,韩庆大,李沈,设备故障诊断工程,北京:冶金工业出版社,2001,1~10
[6]夏庆观,数控机床故障诊断,北京:机械工业出版社,2004,1~4
[7]王贵成,数控机床故障诊断技术,北京:化学工业出版社教材出版中心,2005,3~8
[8]刘武发,机床数控技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2007,3~8
[9]石宏,蔡光起,史家顺,开放式数控系统的现状与发展,机械制造,2005,43(6):18~21
[10]王成元,开放式数控系统的发展现状及其趋势,沈阳工业大学学报,2007,29(1):61~64
[11]徐海黎,庄健,基于Linux的开放式数控系统信息描述,机床与液压,2006,3:29~31
[12]付长平,鄂明成,王恒,面向网络化制造的开放式数控系统的研究,中国制造业信息化,2007,36(1):61~63
[13]王世寰,王永章,付云忠,开放式软CNC发展趋势及其体系结构的研究,机床与液压,2004,2:7~9
[14]盛定高,基于PC开放式数控系统的特征及优势,机床电器,2002,29(5):20~21,24
[15]王孙安,张进华,吴明军,基于ARM的开放式数控系统的研究,现代制造工程,2007,9:54~57,96
[16]三恒星科技,ARM 9原理与应用设计,北京:电子工业出版社,2008,7~27
[17]任哲,ARM体系结构及其嵌入式处理器,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008,2~8
[18]刘峥嵘,张智超,嵌入式Linux应用开发详解,北京:机械工业出版社,2006,1~17
[19]孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰,嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南,北京:电子工业出版社, 2005,1~55
[20]郑慕德,嵌入式微型计算机系统实例教程ARM与Linux,北京:科学出版社,2006,1~44
[21]赖萌萌,基于RTLinux的实时内核软件的研究,[硕士学位论文],西安:西北工业大学,2004
[22]宋利军,RedHat Linux 9.0实用教程,北京:科学出版社,2003,3~17
[23]RENQiang,JIANGTingbiao,Research on Embedded Networked Numerical Control System based on ARM and DSP , 2008 11th IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology Proceedings,2008,631~633
[24]李一平,贺永,基于ARM的嵌入式数控系统开发研究,机电产品开发与创新,2008,21(5):179~181
[25]徐跃,王太勇,基于ARM和DSP的可重构数控系统,吉林大学学报(工学版),2008,38(4):848~851
[26]许立学,设备管理中的机械故障诊断技术与状态监测维修,中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005,44(增):185~188
[27]王令其,刀具状态监测与加工过程的适应性控制,机床与液压,2002,6:42~44
[28]何慧龙,机电设备微弱特征提取与诊断方法研究,[博士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2006
[29]Yuqiang Chen,An Wei,Distributed Monitoring and Real-Time Control Systems via Ethernet,Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control,June 21-23, 2006, Dalian, China,6657~6660
[30]李利品,高国旺,任志平,基于DSP和FPGA的数据采集系统设计,电测与仪表,2008,45(8):42~44
[31]李斌,数控加工技术基础,北京:高等教育出版社,2001,4~13
[32]苏涛,何学辉,实时信号处理系统设计,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006,1~10
[33]刘明章,基于FPGA的嵌入式系统设计,北京:国防工业出版社,2007,1~24
[34]蒋铭潮,刘金利,李炳才,DSP技术在数控机床伺服系统中的应用,机电产品开发与创新,2006,19(1):136~137
[35]田艾平,王力生,微型计算机技术,北京:清华大学出版社,2005,356~371
[36]霍宏伟,牛延超,黄吉莹,ATmega 128/2560系列单片机原理与高级应用,北京:中国林业出版社,北京希望电子出版社,2006,1~4
[37] Syed Mansoor Sarwar, Robert Koretsky, Syed Aqeel Sarwar,Linux教程(李善平,施韦,林欣),北京:清华大学出版社,2005,1~6
[38]Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroab-Hartman, Linux设备驱动程序(魏永明,耿岳,钟书毅),北京:中国电力出版社,2006,9~285
[39]刘淼,嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006,6~144
[40]罗一新,谢明,机床故障诊断技术评述,组合机床与自动化加工技,2001,12:42~44
[41]陈炜峰,陆静霞,故障诊断技术及其发展趋势,农机化研究,2005,2:10~12
[42]江思敏,PCB和电磁兼容设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2006,84~87
[43]姜雪松,电磁兼容与PCB设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2008,123~139
[44]张晓彤,基于Internet的设备远程诊断系统实现技术研究,冶金设备,2001,1:30~36
[45]栾曙光,高立新,陶荣伟,设备远程诊断技术初探,武钢技术,2003,41(1):35~39
[46]张曾科,计算机网络,北京:清华大学出版社,2005,47~51
[2]王太勇,从国际机床展看我国机床产业的现状与发展,机械工人,2005,6:47~48
[3]袁顺建,论数控机床发展趋势,职业,2007,02:31
[4]徐树滋,中国正成为拉动世界机床生产的发动机,世界制造技术与装备市场,2005,2:83~85
[5]虞和济,韩庆大,李沈,设备故障诊断工程,北京:冶金工业出版社,2001,1~10
[6]夏庆观,数控机床故障诊断,北京:机械工业出版社,2004,1~4
[7]王贵成,数控机床故障诊断技术,北京:化学工业出版社教材出版中心,2005,3~8
[8]刘武发,机床数控技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2007,3~8
[9]石宏,蔡光起,史家顺,开放式数控系统的现状与发展,机械制造,2005,43(6):18~21
[10]王成元,开放式数控系统的发展现状及其趋势,沈阳工业大学学报,2007,29(1):61~64
[11]徐海黎,庄健,基于Linux的开放式数控系统信息描述,机床与液压,2006,3:29~31
[12]付长平,鄂明成,王恒,面向网络化制造的开放式数控系统的研究,中国制造业信息化,2007,36(1):61~63
[13]王世寰,王永章,付云忠,开放式软CNC发展趋势及其体系结构的研究,机床与液压,2004,2:7~9
[14]盛定高,基于PC开放式数控系统的特征及优势,机床电器,2002,29(5):20~21,24
[15]王孙安,张进华,吴明军,基于ARM的开放式数控系统的研究,现代制造工程,2007,9:54~57,96
[16]三恒星科技,ARM 9原理与应用设计,北京:电子工业出版社,2008,7~27
[17]任哲,ARM体系结构及其嵌入式处理器,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008,2~8
[18]刘峥嵘,张智超,嵌入式Linux应用开发详解,北京:机械工业出版社,2006,1~17
[19]孙天泽,袁文菊,张海峰,嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南,北京:电子工业出版社, 2005,1~55
[20]郑慕德,嵌入式微型计算机系统实例教程ARM与Linux,北京:科学出版社,2006,1~44
[21]赖萌萌,基于RTLinux的实时内核软件的研究,[硕士学位论文],西安:西北工业大学,2004
[22]宋利军,RedHat Linux 9.0实用教程,北京:科学出版社,2003,3~17
[23]RENQiang,JIANGTingbiao,Research on Embedded Networked Numerical Control System based on ARM and DSP , 2008 11th IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology Proceedings,2008,631~633
[24]李一平,贺永,基于ARM的嵌入式数控系统开发研究,机电产品开发与创新,2008,21(5):179~181
[25]徐跃,王太勇,基于ARM和DSP的可重构数控系统,吉林大学学报(工学版),2008,38(4):848~851
[26]许立学,设备管理中的机械故障诊断技术与状态监测维修,中山大学学报(自然科学版),2005,44(增):185~188
[27]王令其,刀具状态监测与加工过程的适应性控制,机床与液压,2002,6:42~44
[28]何慧龙,机电设备微弱特征提取与诊断方法研究,[博士学位论文],天津:天津大学,2006
[29]Yuqiang Chen,An Wei,Distributed Monitoring and Real-Time Control Systems via Ethernet,Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control,June 21-23, 2006, Dalian, China,6657~6660
[30]李利品,高国旺,任志平,基于DSP和FPGA的数据采集系统设计,电测与仪表,2008,45(8):42~44
[31]李斌,数控加工技术基础,北京:高等教育出版社,2001,4~13
[32]苏涛,何学辉,实时信号处理系统设计,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2006,1~10
[33]刘明章,基于FPGA的嵌入式系统设计,北京:国防工业出版社,2007,1~24
[34]蒋铭潮,刘金利,李炳才,DSP技术在数控机床伺服系统中的应用,机电产品开发与创新,2006,19(1):136~137
[35]田艾平,王力生,微型计算机技术,北京:清华大学出版社,2005,356~371
[36]霍宏伟,牛延超,黄吉莹,ATmega 128/2560系列单片机原理与高级应用,北京:中国林业出版社,北京希望电子出版社,2006,1~4
[37] Syed Mansoor Sarwar, Robert Koretsky, Syed Aqeel Sarwar,Linux教程(李善平,施韦,林欣),北京:清华大学出版社,2005,1~6
[38]Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroab-Hartman, Linux设备驱动程序(魏永明,耿岳,钟书毅),北京:中国电力出版社,2006,9~285
[39]刘淼,嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006,6~144
[40]罗一新,谢明,机床故障诊断技术评述,组合机床与自动化加工技,2001,12:42~44
[41]陈炜峰,陆静霞,故障诊断技术及其发展趋势,农机化研究,2005,2:10~12
[42]江思敏,PCB和电磁兼容设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2006,84~87
[43]姜雪松,电磁兼容与PCB设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2008,123~139
[44]张晓彤,基于Internet的设备远程诊断系统实现技术研究,冶金设备,2001,1:30~36
[45]栾曙光,高立新,陶荣伟,设备远程诊断技术初探,武钢技术,2003,41(1):35~39
[46]张曾科,计算机网络,北京:清华大学出版社,2005,47~51